Pepper ndi imodzi mwazikhalidwe zomwe amakonda kwambiri m'minda yamasamba aku Russia. Sichosangalatsa kwenikweni, koma kuti mukhale ndi zipatso wathanzi muyenera kukhala ndi mbande zolimba komanso wathanzi. Nthawi zina zimayambira kuyamba kugwada, masamba amagwa, mbewuyo imafa pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mbande zazing'ono za tsabola zimagwa, mbewu zazikulu zimafota ndikutembenukira chikasu, momwe mungathane nayo.
Zolakwika zomwe zingakhalepo mutabzala ndikusamalira tsabola ndikuzigonjetsa
Tsabola nthawi zambiri imagwera chifukwa cha zolakwa zotsatirazi zikamakula:
- Feteleza zochulukirapo, makamaka zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni. Ndi mavalidwe apamwamba azitsulo, muyenera kusamala kuti mupeze Mlingo wa 0,5 g pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi. Ngati mbande yayamba kutambalala chifukwa cha feteleza wambiri, njirayi singathenso kuimitsidwa.
- Kuthirira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, mizu ndi zimayambira zowola, matenda oyamba ndi fungus amayamba kukhazikika, tsabola limagwa chifukwa cha izi, zipatso sizimachitika. Pakakhala kugwa kofewa, mbande ikuyenera kukumbidwa, mizu yowonongeka imachotsedwa ndikuyika malo atsopano, chifukwa kale idayeretsa mizu ndi nthaka pamalowo.
- Kupanda chinyezi. Masamba a tsabola wa belu amagwa chifukwa cha izi, mizu imakhala youma, imayambira. Madzi okwanira ayenera kufufuzidwa nthawi zonse. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kumamatira machesi pansi. Ngati dothi limamatirira, pali madzi okwanira. Ndodo ikauma, muyenera kuthirira.
- Ntchito za magetsi othandizira omwe adayikidwa pafupi ndi chikhalidwe. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwamadzi m'maselo a chomera. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, chotsani zotenthetsa kutali ndi mbewu.
- Kuthirira mbande ndi madzi ozizira. Zomera zazing'ono sizinakhalepo ndi nthawi yoti zikule, chifukwa izi zimatha kufa. Madzi sayenera kukhala otsika kuposa + 20 ... +25 ° C.
- Yochedwa ndikadzala mumipanda kapena m'minda yokhazikika mukamadzala.
- Zosangalatsa
Tsabola atha kulimidwa kunyumba kwa mbande kapena nthawi yomweyo pang'onopang'ono michere. Mwakutero, ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha, monga pamenepo mutha kupanga microclimate yoyenera kwambiri kuti ikule bwino. Kuti zitsamba sizikugwada, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa zotsatirazi:
- Pakumera mbewu, kutentha kumatengera pakati + 25 ... +27 ° C. Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mphukira yoyamba, iyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka +20 ° C.
- Monga mbewu ina iliyonse, tsabola umafunika kuwala kwa photosynthesis. Mukakulitsa wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kukhazikitsa zida zowunikira zowonjezera. Amayikidwa kutalika kwa 50-60 masentimita kuchokera pamwamba pa tchire.
- Chinyezi chikuyenera kukhala pakati pa 60-65%.
Kutengera malamulowa, tsabola wokoma wa ku Bulgaria ndi tsabola wowawa adzakulitsa, adzakulolani kukolola.
Matenda a tsabola komanso njira zawo
Mapesi a tsabola amatha kuwerama pansi ndi matenda amiyendo yakuda. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene tili pansi ndipo timakhudza mtundu wofooka kapena wam'ng'ono.
Choyamba, ziguduli za bondo la pansi (gawo loyambira). Amayamba kuonda kwambiri kenako kumayamba kufinya, kenako minyewayo imakhala yamadzi ndi yofewa. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, zimayambira zimakhala zaulesi ndikugwa. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimathandizira kuti matendawo atukuke:
- madzi ozizira othirira;
- nthaka yoyipitsidwa;
- chinyezi chosakwanira nthaka;
- kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino.
Chithandizo chamiyendo chakuda:
- Konzani yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Muthirirani ndi chomera mpaka zizindikirika.
- Masula dziko lapansi ndikuzungulira dziko lapansi.
- Finyani dothi ndi phulusa.
- Ngati matendawa afowoka, gwiritsani ntchito tchire ndi Fundazole. Yankho limakonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusi.
- Mbewu zambiri zikakhala ndi matenda, zimayenera kuzimbiliridwa mumiphika yopanda mankhwala okhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kwa masiku 5-6, ikani malo amdima, mutazika mizu, samutsani dzuwa. Kutsirira koyamba kumachitika ndikuwonjezeranso kukonzekera kwa Maxim kapena Fitosporin.
Komanso kutsika kwa tsabola kumatha kuchitika ndi fusarium. Zimakhudza mbewu pamilingo yonse (kuyambira pachiyambi cha mbande). Chifukwa cha matenda, masamba amasamba achikasu ndikufota kuchokera pansi, ngati mungadule tsinde, mutha kuwona mphete ya bulauni.
Kugonjetsedwa pang'ono ndi Fusarium, othandizira awa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Agate-25K - amawononga causative wothandizila matendawa, amalimbikitsa kufalikira msanga komanso zipatso zabwino;
- Fitosporin-M - wogwiritsa ntchito kubzala nthaka ndi mbewu, kuthirira mbande;
- Trichodermin - wogwiritsidwa ntchito kale asanafesedwe komanso kupewa matenda;
- Maxim - pa chithandizo cha mbewu;
- Bactofit - imasinthasintha microflora m'nthaka, salola kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tipe;
- Potaziyamu humate - chisakanizo chophatikizika cha peat cham'madzi, chimayambitsidwa pansi.
Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, njira izi ndi njira zina sizingagwire ntchito. Zomera sizingasungidwe nthawi zonse, koma mutha kuyesa mankhwala amphamvu awa:
- Abiga Peak;
- Acrobat MC;
- Quadris;
- Kunyumba, etc.
Ngati ndalama zomwe zalembedwazo sizithandiza, mbewu zodwala ziyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonongeka. Malo omwe anakulira ali oyera. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mbewu zina m'mundamo sizili ndi kachilomboka (mwachitsanzo, biringanya, kabichi, ndi zina).
Matenda enanso ndi verticillosis. Uku ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amachititsa kuti kufalikira kwa masamba, kufota masamba, kufota kwawo ndi kuvunda. Choyamba, udzu wobiriwira umawuma, pamakhala malo owerengeka a chlorotic, pamapeto pake akukhudza gawo lonse la mlengalenga. Ngati matendawa sanalandiridwe, tchire limwalira.
Mankhwala otsatirawa opopera mankhwala ndi kuthirira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku verticillin wilt:
- Vitaros;
- Fundazole;
- Topsin-M;
- Previkur;
- Maxim.
Fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusi.
Ntchito yokonza
Njira zopewera zimathandizira kupewa kugwa kwa mbande za tsabola. Kuti mupewe mavuto, muyenera kutsatira malangizo awa:
- Sanulani nyemba musanafese. Kuti muchite izi, amafunika kuti azikulungidwa mu utoto ndi kutsitsidwa kwa maola angapo mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena zopatsa mphamvu.
- Zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa kink la mphukira zimayamba m'nthaka ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity. Kuchepetsa pH, onjezani phulusa pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi katundu antibacterial.
- Tsabola wamadzi kokha ndi madzi ofunda, otha kukhazikika. Ndikofunikira kuti isungunuke kapena kugwetsa mvula.
- Popewa kutumphuka, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
- Mukamaliza ntchito iliyonse yolima, samalani zida zonse.
Popewa matenda, tsatirani njira izi:
- polima, pezani mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda (Swallow, Agapovsky, Elephant, Hercules, Orange Miracle ndi ena);
- sungani mbewu m'malo owuma;
- yeretsani nthaka ndi mbewu musanabzala;
- yang'anani nthawi pakati pa tchire kuti tiletse kukula;
- Osachulukitsa mbewu.
Mwachidule, titha kunena kuti kugwa kwa mbande za tsabola kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika pakuzisamalira ndi kusamalira. Ngakhale fusariosis, verticillosis, ndi mwendo wakuda, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwuma kwa zimayambira ndi kuyanika kwa chomera, zimakula pazifukwa zomwezi.
Kuti mupeze mbeu yabwino komanso yathanzi yomwe siyenera kucha, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta ndi malingaliro omwe alembedwa pamwambapa.
