Imodzi mwa mapeyala otchuka ndi ofunidwa ndi mapeyala ndi "Muscovite". Mtengo wamtengo wapatali uwu umabweretsa zokolola zambiri za mapeyala ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera.
Mukudziwa? Peyala "Muscovite" inadulidwa ndi kuuluka kwaufulu kwa mbande za "Kieffer" zosiyanasiyana. Ndi iye amene adakhala mapeyala osiyanasiyana otchuka m'madera a Moscow.
Peyala "Muscovite", zambiri zokhudza
Peyala "Muscovite" ili ndi ndondomeko yotsatirayi:
- Mitengoyi ndi mitengo yochepa ya zipatso yomwe ili ndi korona woboola. Zomera zachonde zachonde zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhwima ndi korona wandiweyani.
- Masamba ndi ang'onoang'ono, ndi ovunda ndipo ali ndi zolemba pamphepete. Leaf popanda m'mphepete, yosalala, yopindika pakati.
- Maluwa mwa mawonekedwe a mbale, yoyera. Mu racemes inflorescences pali maluwa 5-7.
- Zipatso zili ndi masentimita 135, mtundu wobiriwira. Nyama ya peyala ndi yambiri, yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma komanso fungo labwino.
- Zipatso zingasungidwe kwa nthawi yaitali ndikukhalabe ndi mauthenga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga jams, compotes, jams, marmalade, zipatso zouma, ndi zina zotero.
Mapeyala osiyanasiyana "Muscovite" ali ndi zokolola zambiri, ngakhale zovuta. Kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi mbewu imakwana 50 kg. Mapeyala amakhala ndi zipatso kale pa 4-5 zaka mutabzala, ndipo zipatso zipse kumapeto kwa August kapena pakati pa September. Mitengo ya zipatso siikhala ndi mitengo. Kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako, ndi bwino kukolola mpaka zizindikiro za kukhwima ziwonekere. Kenaka, mapeyala adzaphuka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono komanso amasungidwa nthawi zambiri.Kupanga peyala luso
Kuti peyala ya "Moskvichka" ikhale ndi mizu ndi kubereka zipatso, kubzala kwake ndi kusamalira ziyenera kukhala zolondola ndiyeso. Peyala yofesedwa m'dzinja (kumayambiriro kwa October) kapena masika (April-May), ndipo ndi bwino kusankha malo pafupi ndi mitundu ya pollinator (Lada, Marble, Elegant Efimova, Moscow Bergamot, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva).
Kusankha malo okhala
Malowa akhale ophwasa, owuma ndi owala bwino. Zimadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa kuwala: kuwala kosavuta, kulawa bwino. Peyala silingalole chinyezi chambiri panthaka. Onetsetsani kuti madzi apansi akugona pamtunda wosachepera 2.5 mamita, mwinamwake mtengo ukhoza kufa. Mitundu ya peyalayi imakula bwino pamtunda wa mchenga-chernozem kapena loamy, ndi acidity pafupifupi 5.6-6.0.
Ndikofunikira!Musati mulembe peyala mu nthaka ya dongo, ndipo ngati wina sali, perekani dzenje lokhala ndi malo abwino.
Kulowera
Kuti mtengo ukhale pansi ndipo nthawi zambiri umagwirizane ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano, uyenera kudziwa momwe mungamerezere peyala ya Moskvichka molondola. Choncho ndikofunikira kulingalira mfundo izi: 
- dzenje lodzala limakonzedwa milungu iwiri isanafike;
- Chifukwa chodzala mbande m'chaka, muyenera kukonzekera dzenje mu kugwa;
- mpweya wakuya - 1-1.2 mamita, m'mimba mwake - masentimita 80;
- malo osankhidwa amadzala ndi nthaka yachonde.
- Lembani dzenje ndi nthaka yophika ndi kuphimba ndi ufa wa dolomite (malita 10);
- Thirani madzi awiri ndi kuchoka m'dzenje masiku 14 kapena mpaka masika.
- Lembani mizu ya mbande m'madzi kuti zombo zodzala;
- kudula nthambi;
- nyundo m'kati mwa dzenje (50 cm);
- Ikani chidutswa cha dziko pafupi ndi nsonga ndikuyika mmera mmenemo;
- Momwemo muwongole mizu;
- Lembani dzenje ndi mmera wopanda feteleza;
- Onetsetsani kuti khosi la chimango liri 5-7 cm pamwamba pa nthaka;
- Pukuta nthaka mofewa ndikutsanulira ndowa zitatu mu dzenje;
- sungani nthaka yozungulira nyemba ndi humus;
- tanizani nyemba ku khola.
Mutabzala, onetsetsani kuti nthaka yozungulira nyemba sumauma. Musaiwale kumasula nthaka mozama masentimita 15. Patapita nthawi, chotsani namsongole kuzungulira peyala - izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa kuoneka kwa matenda ndi tizirombo.Momwe mungamwetse peyala
Ngakhale peyala "Moskvich" ndi mtengo wodzichepetsa wa zipatso, komabe amafunika kusamala. Kukulitsa kulima mapeyala "Amaluwa a" Muscovite "nthawi zambiri amadzifunsa kuti:" Momwe mungamwetse mtengo ndi zipatso zabwino? ". Palibe zophweka za izo. Mitengo yaying'ono iyenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi pamlungu, m'mawa ndi madzulo. Pafupifupi 10 malita a madzi amadyedwa pamtengo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nthaka chinyezi chiyenera kufika 50-60 masentimita mozama.
Peyala ikabala chipatso, kuthirira kumachitika kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa July kufikira mapeto a mwezi wa August, ndipo ulamuliro wake umadalira nyengo. Mu September, kuyambika kwa madzi okwanira kwathunthu.
Feteleza peyala "Muscovite"
Ndikofunikira!Kuyala mchere pamapeto pa maluwa ndi kuvomerezedwa kuti ukhale wabwino ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu.Mukhoza kudyetsa peyala chaka chotsatira mutabzala mmera. M'chaka, mitengo imamera ndi ammonium nitrate (20 magalamu pa 1 mita imodzi). Zaka zitatu, musaiwale kupanga organic feteleza - superphosphate (50 magalamu pa mita imodzi), kompositi (theka la chidebe pamtengo uliwonse), sulphate ya potaziyamu (20 magalamu pa mita imodzi). Ndibwino kuti manyowa azimwaza m'mitengo, kenako zakudya zimakhala bwino.
Malamulo ocheka "Muscovites"
Peyala "Muscovite" imafuna kudulira nyengo kuti zidziwike bwino za korona ndi mapangidwe ake. Kudulira kungayambe ali ndi zaka ziwiri, ndipo ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kuponda ndi kuchepetsa nthambi.
Pear Pruning
Dulani peyala kumayambiriro kasupe kapena m'dzinja, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga mafupa amphamvu kwambiri a mtengo wa zipatso omwe amatha kupirira kulemera kwa mtsogolo. Ndi bwino kupanga kudulira kwautali. Pa nthawi yomweyi, m'pofunikira kudula nthambi kuti nthambi za chigoba zikhazikitsidwe ngati mapepala a mtunda wa 40-50 masentimita. Choyamba, muyenera kudula mphukira kuchokera ku thunthu, kenako nthambi zomwe zimakula zimagwirizana ndi thunthu. Musachoke pamphuno, koma musatenge nsalu yowonjezera. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kudzachiza kwa nthawi yayitali. Choncho, ndi kudulira bwino, mtengo udzakhala wamphamvu ndikutha kupirira katundu wa mbeu yatsopano.
Kudulira mbande
Mukamabzala mbande, nthambi zimadulidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Izi zachitika kuti athe kupanga korona mwamsanga.
Tsamba laling'ono lifupikitsidwa kufika pamtunda wa 50-60 masentimita kuchokera pansi. Izi zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano.
Mu mtengo wa zaka ziwiri, thunthu limadulidwa kutalika. Momwemonso, mphukira 4-5 yotsatila iyenera kukhala pambali yaikulu, pamtunda wa 45 ° pofika pa tsinde. Onetsetsani kuti mdulidwe ndi nthambi za mkati zimachoka, koma musachotse 25% mwa nthambi zonse, zomwe zingakhudze kukula kwa mtengo.
Kukolola ndi kusunga zipatso
Ngati malo a "Moskvichka" a pear mitundu anasankhidwa bwino, ndipo kubzala komweko ndi kusamalira kulima kumeneku kunkachitika mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zonse, ndiye zokolola zidzakhala zapamwamba kwambiri.
Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa chipatso kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September mpaka kumapeto kwa mweziwu, komanso kuti muonetsetse kuti zakuthwa, samalani khungu la khungu. Ngati yayamba kutembenukira chikasu, ndiye nthawi yokolola.
Ndi bwino kukolola zipatso usanadye chakudya chamasana, chifukwa momwe kutentha kukukwera, pang'onopang'ono amawotcha ndipo akhoza kusungidwa moyipa. Mukakololedwa, chipatsocho chikulumikizidwa pala zala ndi kuika pambali, kuti phesi likhalepo pa peyala yokometa. Musagwedeze mapeyala pamtengo, mwinamwake iwo amenya ndipo sangasungidwe.
Mukudziwa?Mukaphwanya nthambi pa nthawi yokolola, ndiye chaka chamawa mtengowo udzabala chipatso chochepa, chifukwa mphamvu zake zonse ndi mphamvu zake zidzasinthidwa.
Mitengo yaitali kwambiri ya "Muscovite" yamatabwa imasungidwa ku 0 ° C. Iwo samataya mauthenga awo ndi kulawa miyezi 2 mpaka 2.5 mutatha kukolola. Kutentha kutentha, zipatso zimatha kusungidwa masabata awiri.Motero, peyala zosiyanasiyana "Muscovite" ndi imodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa, osati madera okha komanso madera ena. Ndichokhaokha ngati chimodzi mwa anthu osadzichepetsa komanso opindulitsa. Zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ndipo zipatso zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo zimakhala zabwino. Ndi bwino kubzala ndi kusamalira peyala, zimakondweretsa inu ndi zipatso zokoma zomwe ziri zoyenera kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, komanso zakudya zosiyanasiyana zakumwa.
