Peyala mwachangu - mtundu wosiyanasiyana wa cacti wokhala ndi mawonekedwe. Nthambi zake zimakhala ndi ma loboti ambiri ozungulira. Cactus ndi wobiriwira ku Mexico ndi madera ena a America. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, mtengowu uli ndi zinthu zingapo zofunikira ndipo umatha kubala zipatso zokoma. Kusamalira peick prickly prickly peyi ndikosavuta kwambiri, kotero kuti alimi ambiri a maluwa amasintha mokongola izi ku banja la Cactus kunyumba kwawo.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Mapeyala achichepere ndiofala m'madambo ouma ndi panthaka. Amakhala pamchenga wamchenga ndi mchenga, amakonda malo okwera. Mpweya wa chimacho sichitha kwambiri ndipo ndi nthambi. Pamwamba pali mabango amtambo okhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka. Amatha kuphatikizika wina ndi mnzake m'njira yovuta kwambiri ndipo amasiyanasiyana kwambiri kukula kwake. Dothi lonse la ngale yamtengo wapatali limakutidwa ndi timiyala tambiri tambiri. Mwachilengedwe, sikuti ndimatumba otakata okha, komanso mitundu ya zokwawa yamakoko yomwe imalekeka.
Maluwa ooneka bwino amayambira mu Epulo ndipo amatenga mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa pansi pa nthiti, zomwe zimachulukana mwachangu ndikupeza utoto wofiirira. Duwa looneka ngati belu lili ndi mizere ingapo ya miyala yayikulu, yopyapyala. Kujambula maluwa kumachitika mithunzi yonse ya pinki, rasipiberi, yofiirira komanso burgundy. Pali mitundu yosanja yokongoletsa ndi mitundu yachikaso, lalanje ndi yoyera. Maluwa pazachilengedwe ndi ochulukirapo, koma mchikhalidwe ndizovuta kwambiri kuzikwaniritsa.
M'malo mwa maluwa pambuyo povundikira, zipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimacha. Maphala okhathamira, okoma ali ndi mbewu zambiri zazikulu. Peyala mwachinyengo imatha kupanga mphukira yatsopano kuchokera ku zipatso, zomwe pambuyo pake zimatulutsanso maluwa. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu sizimangiriza zamkati. Kukula kopanda tanthauzo uku kumatchedwa kuchulukitsa.
Zothandiza katundu
Kuyambira kale, mnofu ndi zipatso zamiyala yamtengo wapatali zimakhala zamtengo wapatali ngati chakudya komanso mankhwala. Dongosolo la Cactus juice limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthamangitsa kagayidwe ndikupanga mankhwala olimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika. Amaphika, amauma, kuwiritsa kupanikizana ndikudya yaiwisi. Pulogalamu yazipatso ili ndi vitamini C, potaziyamu ndi calcium. Komabe, mumatha kudya zipatso za mitundu ina yokha yamapichesi osalimba.
Maluwa ndi michere imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta opaka ngati mafuta, mafuta onunkhira komanso zodzola. Deco ofotokoza amathandiza kuthana ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi kuzungulira kwa dongosolo.
Ku Mexico, mapeyala odula nthawi zambiri amakulitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Izi zimatha kukhazikika pakakhosi ndipo zimakhazikika. Kenako ogwira ntchito amatola mbozi zazikazi ndikuzipanga utoto wofiyira, wotchuka pano monga carmine. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ogulitsa zakudya.
Mitundu yamapera prickly
Mu mtundu wa Opuntia, pali mitundu ya zomera pafupifupi 160. Ambiri aiwo ngopambana. Pakati pazoyenera kubzala m'nyumba, mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa:
Peyala yodulira ndi yaing'ono. Mtengowo ndi chitsamba chachikulu chophukira mpaka mamita 1. Mitengo yopangidwa ndi dzira imaphimbidwa ndi areoles osowa okhala ndi spines imodzi yolimba. Limamasula ndi maluwa achikasu achikasu monga mabelu okhala ndi masentimita 3-5. M'malo mwa maluwa, zipatso zofiirira zofiirira zimaphukira ngati mbiya yaying'ono.
Ngale Berger. Chomera chachitali chokhala ndi tsinde lobiriwira. Ma lobvo ovomerezeka amatalika mpaka 25c. M'mapere osowa, ma spines amatalika achikasu. Pak maluwa, imakutidwa ndi mabelu achikalanje.
Ngale pike. Chomera chamtchirechi chili ndi loboti yaying'ono yobiriwira yopepuka. Kutalika kwa gawo lirilonse sikupita masentimita anayi: Tsamba lawo limakutidwa ndi singano zazifupi, zazifupi. Maluwa a lalanje ali ngati mawonekedwe a belu lotseguka kwambiri.
Mapeyala ochenjera amakhala osaneneka. Chomera chotsika kwambiri ndicomwe chimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Chowonjezera ndichakuti magawowo amakhala ozungulirirapo osati mawonekedwe. Kutalika kwa magawowo ndi masentimita 2-3 okha. Limamasula pamaluwa achikasu achikaso.
Kubzala mbewu
Ofesi imafalikira pofesa mbewu kapena mizu yodula mizu. Kumapeto kwa masika kapena chilimwe, ndikokwanira kupatula gawo limodzi popanda maluwa ndi zizindikiro zowonongedwa. Malowo odulidwawo amathandizidwa ndi kaboni yophwanyidwa ndikuwuma mlengalenga kwa masiku atatu. Kubala kumachitidwa mumchenga wam'madzi wouma, womwe umanyowa pasadakhale. Kulimbitsa kwambiri phesi sikofunikira. Mbande imakutidwa ndi kanema ndikusungidwa pamalo owala (koma popanda kuwala kwadzuwa) pamtunda wa + 20 ° C. Mizu imawonekera patatha milungu iwiri, mutatha kupatsirana ngale.
Kubzala mbewu ndikovuta chifukwa chovala njere zolimba kwambiri. Kubweretsa mapulani amakonzekera kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Choyamba muyenera kupukuta khungu ndi sandpaper kapena fayilo. Kenako nthochi zimanyowetsedwa kwa theka la ola mu njira yofooka ya manganese ndikufesedwa mumchenga wosakanikirana ndi kaboni ndi pepala lapansi. Nthaka iyenera kuwerengedwa mwachangu. Mbewu imakulitsidwa ndi masentimita 2-3 ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Wobiriwira uja amasungidwa pamalo owala ndi otentha. Vundulani mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku ndikumwaza nthaka ndi madzi. Mbande zimamera m'mwezi umodzi, koma zimasungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa zaka zina ziwiri.
Kusamalira Kwanyumba Panyumba
Kusamalira prickly peyala kunyumba ndikosavuta. Amakonda zipinda zowala, koma sakonda kuwala koyambirira kwamadzulo. Pokhala ndi kuwala kosakwanira, mbewuyo imatha kusiya kukula ndikufa. Zipinda zakumwera ndizakondedwa, komanso mawindo okhala ndi mawonekedwe akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo.
Kutentha kwamasiku onse m'chipindacho kumakhala bwino. Amakonda kutentha, koma amatha kukula muzipinda zabwino. M'nyengo yozizira, cactus amafunika nthawi yopumula kutentha kwa mpweya wa + 8 ... + 12 ° C.
Opuntia ikuchotsa chinyezi. Sakufunika kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, koma kusamba ofunda kuti muchotse fumbi sikuvulaza mbewu.
Ndikofunikira kuthirira mapeyala. Pesi lanyama limasunga chinyontho chokwanira kuti lisavutike ndi chilala. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, dothi limasungunuka sabata iliyonse; kuyambira nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kumatha.
Mapeyala ochenjera safuna kuvala pafupipafupi. Munthawi yazomera zogwira ntchito, ndikokwanira kuyambitsa zovuta zam'madzi kamodzi pamwezi. Mankhwalawa amathandizidwa m'madzi ambiri ndikuthirira ndi dothi.
Kuthira kwamiyala yamtengo wapatali kumachitika mchaka chilichonse, zaka zitatu zilizonse. Ndikokwanira kuti mbewu zachikulire m'machubu zikonzenso nthaka. Mphikawo amasankhidwa kwambiri komanso osasunthika. Zida zamadzizo zimathiridwa pansi.
Dothi la peyala yamtengo wapatali limapangidwa ndi:
- dongo (mbali ziwiri);
- mchenga wamtsinje (magawo awiri);
- dothi louma (gawo 1);
- dothi lamasamba (magawo 4).
Pakusintha, muyenera kusamala kwambiri. Mitsempha yaying'ono imayambitsa zovuta zambiri. M'malo amitengo yoyaka imamveka kwa nthawi yayitali.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Wopeza matendawa ali ndi zowola chifukwa chothirira mosayenera, komanso kunyowa kwambiri mchipindacho. Ngati mbande zofewa zikuwoneka pamtengowo, zimayenera kudulidwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi fungosis. Ndikofunikanso kusintha momwe zinthu ziliri ndikusungidwa, apo ayi nkhanizo zimapitilirabe kupweteka.
Ma Scabies, mealybug, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude nthawi zina zimakhala pamitengo. Kuti athane ndi majeremusi mwachangu, mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo iyenera kuchitidwa. Malamulo a kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa komanso kuchuluka kwake kumawonetsedwa mu malangizo a mankhwalawa.
