Mwa mitundu yonse ya manyowa yomwe imapezeka ku ziweto, Kapepala kabakiteriya kamakhala kofunika kwambiri. Zomwe zimapangidwa zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa zinthu zothandiza zomwe zimachokera ku kavalo, mbalame kapena manyowa a ng'ombe.
Manyowa a kalulu monga feteleza, zopangidwa ndi zopindulitsa
Manyowa a kalulu ali olemera mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya organic ndi kufufuza zinthu, ndipo chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwapadera kwa thupi ndi zakudya zapadera, zinthuzi zimagwidwa mosavuta.
Chilogalamu imodzi ya zinyalala ili ndi:
- nitrogen 6 g;
- calcium oksidi 4 g;
- magnesiamu oksidi 7 g;
- potaziyamu oksidi 6 g
Manyowa a feteleza monga feteleza amathandizanso chifukwa amatha kufewetsa, kumasula, kutentha ndi kudzaza nthaka. Nthawi zina zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda manyowa oyambirira, monga gawo lopanda mbeu. Ngakhale atatha zaka zitatu zogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi, ngakhale nthaka yowala imakhala yotayirira komanso yowala.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito manyowa a kalulu, mitundu ya feteleza
Kugwiritsa ntchito zitovu za kalulu monga feteleza ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana pa mafakitale. Zida zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- mu greenhouses (ndi kulima maluwa osiyanasiyana);
- mu floriculture (kuphatikizapo nyumba);
- pamene mukukula maluwa ndi bowa zina;
- pamene mukukula mbewu za chakudya;
- popanga nyongolotsi za humus ndi kuswana ndi zina zotha nsomba.
Udzu wa kalulu uli ndi chinyontho chochepa kuposa, mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe, choncho n'zosavuta kunyamula.
Kuwoneka mwatsopano
Manyowa atsopano a akalulu monga feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mwamsanga mutatha kukolola m'nyengo yozizira, manyowa atsopano angaponyedwe kuzungulira munda (munda) kuti udye nthaka yomwe yatha kapena yodzaza ndi zakudya zowonjezera.
M'nthawi yozizira, manyowa adzakhala ndi nthawi yozizira ndi kuwonongeka, kutayika katundu wowonongeka. M'chaka, chisanu chimasungunuka, madzi adzasungunuka ndi kudzaza kwambiri nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza. Ngati mutaphimba pansi ndi udzu, udzu mutatha kulima udzagwira ntchito ngati mulch ndipo, pochulukitsa kwambiri, "udzadyetsa" nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Sizomveka kuthira manyowa ndi manyowa osabzalidwa: zokolola zake - ammonia ndi methane - zidzatentha kukula kwa achinyamata.
Manyowa okhala ndi manyowa
Ngati mwaika kompositi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira idzagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kompositi imafalikira panthaka ndikukumba, motero, isanafike nyengo yofesa ndi kubzala, dziko lapansi lidzaza ndi zakudya ndipo limakhala lomasula.
Kompositi imadzipukutidwa ndi madzi omwe amafesa zipatso za feteleza ndi mbewu zazu. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga nsonga kuti asamayidwe panthaka ndi mawonekedwe a namsongole. Kompositi "gombe" adyoyo idabzala pansi pa nyengo yozizira, motero imateteza ku kuzizira.
Kuyang'ana mwouma
Manyowa a kalulu ndiwo mitundu yokhayo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe owuma. Zilonda zamoto zimatenthedwa kapena zouma bwino pansi pa dzuŵa, zimaphwanyidwa kukhala ufa komanso zosakanikirana ndi nthaka. Pa makilogalamu atatu a dziko lapansi yikani supuni ya ufa. Pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wouma, zowonjezerapo zamadzimadzi zimakonzedwa kuti zitsamba zodyera m'nyumba kapena m'munda. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pang'ono mu floriculture. Pangani chisakanizo cha dziko lapansi kutenga supuni ya supuni ya ufa, chifukwa madzi - kuphatikizapo, kuphatikiza madzi (3 malita).
Humus
Humus ndi mulu wa kompositi wouma, wosasunthika komanso wosagwirizana, mofanana ndi nthaka yakuda. Makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri - Ndipamwamba kuposa zonsezi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzedwanso ndi mphutsi zam'madzi; izi zimapangitsa kuti nthaka isasinthe. Alimi ambiri amanena kuti humus ku zitovu za kalulu mu ntchito alibe fungo losasangalatsa. Humus kukwaniritsa nthaka yobalalitsa pa sitepa ndi kukumba.
Mukudziwa? Kamtsikana kamodzi kamtundu wa Aztec adazindikira kuti kalulu, wodzala ndi agaves, mwanjira ina yodabwitsa imathamanga kudutsa m'munda. Choncho fluffy rodent anathandiza kutsegula "matsenga" zotsatira za mowa. Kufikira tsopano, ku Mexico, anthu ammudzi asanamwe mowa mwauchidakwa amatulutsa zina mwa galasi pansi.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito manyowa a kalulu
Mukamagula kalulu, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kalulu. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kompositi:
- mu kugwa, pamene akumba, amawonjezeredwa ku nthaka yokonzekera kasupe kakang'ono;
- Ikani mitsuko mwachindunji musanabzala (kamodzi pa zaka 2-3);
- ntchito monga mulch, wothira udzu;
- amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga kuvala pamwamba, kuchepetsa madzi.
Chenjerani! Manyowa wamadzimadzi ndi kompositi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri, osaposa kawiri pachaka, osaposa malita awiri pa mita imodzi.
Tiyeni tione momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito zitosi za kalulu. Mu mawonekedwe owuma amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupanga ufa m'nthaka kwa feteleza musanabzala. Ikani ufa, woyeretsedwa ndi madzi (floriculture) monga kuvala pamwamba. Humus ndi wotchuka kwambiri podzala mbewu zachisanu. Kupaka mafuta kumathandiza polima, kudyetsa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Kalulu utoto kwambiri umapangitsa kuti nthaka isachepetse asanadye nyemba, mbatata ndi mizu ina, zipatso ndi nightshade.
Kusungirako manyowa ndi kusungirako
Ganizirani mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yokolola manyowa: kompositi ndi nyambo.
Kwa composting manyowa a kalulu, chinthu china chophatikizidwa chimaphatikizidwa ku gawo lapansi mu kompositi yam'mimba: manyowa a nyama zina, zonyansa (popanda nkhungu), masamba osagwa. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi mulu wa dzenje umatembenuzidwa ndi fosholo kotero kuti umangokhalira kuyaka. Pofuna kuteteza mphutsi kudya kompositi, koma kuti ikhale yowonjezereka, iyenera kuchotsedwa.
Mukaponyera kompositi m'dzenje, chotsani pansi (zomwe zili ndi mphutsi zambiri) ndikuchotsani. Phokoso la ndowe liyenera kukhala mumthunzi, kupatula "kusakaniza", kompositi iyenera kukonzedwa. Kwa nyengo yozizira, dzenje limadzazidwa ndi utuchi ndi utuku.
Nyerere imakonzedwa motere: kwa malita 12 a madzi amapereka 2 kilogalamu ya manyowa atsopano. Chisakanizocho chiyenera kuwonjezera, nthawi zonse kuyambitsa yankho. Yankho lidzakonzeka pamene misa imakhala yofanana. Zowonongeka zowonongeka: mipira yowuma zowonongeka imakhala pansi pamtunda kukhala ufa. Dothi limasungidwa pamalo amdima. Mukasungira zinyalala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti siuma. Ngati izi zikuchitika, zigwiritseni ntchito muzothetsera madzi.
Zosangalatsa Zina mwa zomwe zakhala zikukwaniritsa zojambula zamatumbo zili mu Guinness Book of Records. Kalulu wotchedwa Nippers Geronimo amadziwika kuti ndi mwini wake wamakutu - 79.05 cm; kalulu wodyetsedwa kwambiri amalemera makilogalamu 12; mtundu wa kalulu wa kumpoto kwa North America ukuonedwa kuti ndi wocheperapo, kulemera kwake ndi 350 gm.
Zongopeka za Kalulu
Alimi ambiri omwe amadziwa zachitsulo amakhulupirira kuti chitetezo cha kalulu ndi chosavuta kwambiri kwa zomera ndi zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzikonza. Taganizirani zinsinsi izi mwatsatanetsatane.
Manyowa watsopano
Manyowa obiriwira a kalulu ali ndi urea, zomwe zikutanthawuza zoopsa za nayitrogeni mankhwala ndi zidulo. Pakuwonongeka pakati pa nthaka pamene mukugwirizana ndi mabakiteriya, manyowa amawotcha nthaka ndi zomera zomwe zili mmenemo, pamene akutulutsa mpweya woipa kwa zomera: ammonia ndi methane. Zomera chifukwa cha zochitika zonsezi ndi zobisika zimawotcha corny.
Chithandizo cha manyowa ndi madzi otentha kapena otentha
Kuchitira nkhanza za manyowa ndi madzi otentha, nthunzi kapena chisanu zidzangowonjezera kutayika kwa mankhwala ndi zida zambiri zothandiza. Frost amawononga zinthu zopanda mphamvu zomwe zomera zimasowa panthawi ya kukula. Madzi otentha amatsuka kunja kwa zinyalala zambiri zomwe zimachitika ndi zidulo. Choncho, izi zimayambitsa kuwononga kwa manyowa monga feteleza. Kuyanika sikokwanira ndipo kumasiya zinthu zopindulitsa makumi asanu ndi limodzi (50%) zothandiza pazowamba, ndizotheka kubwezeretsanso manyowa wouma m'madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito monga kuvala pamwamba.
Choncho, tinaphunzira zomwe kalulu amatulutsa, maonekedwe a ntchito monga feteleza ndikupeza kuti ndi othandiza kapena ayi. Mukamvetsetsa izi, mungapeze njira yowonjezera yokweza mbewu za m'munda.
