Zomwe zimapezekanso sizipeza anthu pofotokoza fungo la freesia. Koma nthawi iliyonse amalowa mwachisoni. Chifukwa palibe mawu oterowo. M'nkhaniyi, n'zosatheka kufotokoza fungo lake lamatsenga, koma kufotokoza kwa maluwa, malamulo obzala ndi miyambo yambiri yosamalira izo kudzakuthandizani kukula maluwa a freesia, ndipo izi ndi momwe zimawonekera mchitidwe.
Freesia: maluwa amawonekedwe
Freesia imachokera ku South Africa, ndipo mbali yaikulu ya mitundu yawo imachokera ku Cape floristic dera (kwambiri kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa dziko la Afrika) - olemera kwambiri ndi zomera padziko lapansi (osasokonezeka ndi chigawo cha Cape) chifukwa cha nyengo ya Mediterranean ndi nyengo ya nyengo yozizira (yozizira - June - August). Mitundu iwiri ya mitundu ya zinyama imapezeka m'madera otentha a ku Africa, ndipo gawo lopotoza kumpoto likufika ku Sudan.
Mukudziwa? Masiku ano floristics imasiyanitsa mbali zonse za dziko lapansi molingana ndi zomwe zimapanga zomera, kusiyana pakati pa mapangidwe ake ndi mapangidwe ake. Kugawidwa kumeneku kumamangidwa mozizwitsa, ndipo pamwamba pazigawozikuluzikulu, zinthu zofunikira kwambiri ndi maufumu a floristic, kuphatikizapo maufumu ena, madera, madera, ndi zina zotero. The Cape floristic ufumu ndi wochepa kwambiri pa maufumu onse a floristic.Kumalo omwe amachokera, a freesia, omwe amatchedwa ndi botanist ku banja la Iris, amapeza malo omwe amakonda kwambiri pakati pa zinyama zambiri pamphepete mwa nyanja.
Pakati pa florists, nthawi zambiri ndi hybrid freesia (Freesia hybrida) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poswana maluwa. Anachokera kuyesera kuchokera ku mitundu yotsatirayi:- F. kubwezeretsedwa kwa anthu ogwidwa;
- F. leichtlinii - Leuchtlin freesia;
- F. armstrongii - Armstrong freesia.
Dzina la Freesia linatchulidwa ndi dokotala Friedrich Frese (Germany, 1795-1876), amene adalima chomera ichi. N'kulakwa kuchita mtundu wa Freesia (Freesia) ndi mtundu wa Frizeian (Vriesea), womwe uli m'banja la Bromeliad.
Kumene angabwerere freesia, zinthu zomwe zimakhala zokula maluwa
M'malo obiriwira ndi greenhouses, n'zosavuta kupanga malo oyenerera kuti aberekedwe a freesia, ngakhale kuti ntchito yoteroyo ingathe kulingalira kuti ndi odziwa bwino ntchito komanso wamaluwa. N'zotheka kukula kwa freesia chaka chonse, koma m'nyengo yozizira kumapeto kwa midzi yake, mazira ake satha m'nyengo yozizira, ayenera kuchotsedwa pansi ndikuyika yosungirako nyengo yozizira. Kwa wamaluwa ambiri adzakhala ndi mfundo zowonjezera za momwe angakulire freesia m'munda. Pofuna kubzala maluwa m'minda, muyenera kuyamba kupeza malo penumbra, kupatulapo kutetezedwa ku mphepo. Palibe chifukwa chodandaula za nthaka - aliyense adzachita. Chofunikira chachikulu pa izo ndi zosavuta ndi madzi.
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa August, munthu mmodzi kapena atatu amamera palimodzi. Pa nyengo yabwino, pachimake chikhoza kutha mpaka mwezi wa October. Kudulira mababu mababu mu mphika, chidebe kapena mphika. Pamene chisanu chimabwera, zimasunthidwa, ndipo ma freesias onunkhira adakondabe inu kwa kanthawi.
Pambuyo kukumba mababu a freesia, amayamba kusungidwa kwa masiku makumi atatu pa 25 ° C m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso wouma mokwanira. M'tsogolo, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kutentha kwa zomwe zilipo mpaka 10 ° C. Pogwiritsira ntchito malamulo ena otentha, palibenso kupanga mapangidwe a freesia inflorescences mu tubers zambiri, malamulo amodzi odzala ndi kusamalira omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa.
Freesia ndi kuwala
Pakuti thanzi labwino la freesia m'madera akumidzi limakonda kuwala kowala, popanda kumang'ambidwa ndi dzuwa. Malo abwino kwambiri ndi mawindo akummawa ndi kumadzulo. Utsogoleri wakumpoto sungapereke kuchuluka kwa kuwala kofunikira pa ntchito zachilengedwe. Choncho, kuunikira kwina kuyenera kuperekedwa m'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira.
Kutentha ndi chinyezi kwa zomera
Kuwonjezera pa kuyang'anira kuyatsa, palinso malamulo ena omwe amati, makamaka oyambirira, momwe angamere maluwa ndi freesia makamaka.
Pofuna kusamalira bwino a freesia, zipinda zonse zowonjezera mpweya ndi kutentha kwa 20 mpaka 25 ° C ndi zofunika. Pakati pa maluwa mu freesia, nthawi yopuma imayamba, ndipo chomera chiyenera kuchepetsa kutentha kwa 15 ° C kwa miyezi iwiri. Kutentha kwambiri m'nthaka sikuvomerezeka, mwinamwake padzakhala kuvunda kwa mababu. Nthawi yosungira nthawi yozizira imadziwika ndi kusowa kwa ulimi wothirira. A freesia amanyamula mpweya wouma kawirikawiri, koma nyengo yotentha imakhala yosalekeza komanso yopopera mbewu.
Momwe mungabzalitsire freesia
Pamaso a freesia musabzalidwe m'munda, nkofunika kumvetsetsa momwe mungakonzekerere freesia kubzala. Kumayambiriro kwa March corms ali okonzedwa, amaikidwa miphika yomwe ili ndi sod lapansi, mchenga, peat ndi humus. Mlingo wa malita atatu udzakhala ndi mababu asanu ndi awiri, omwe adzakhala padziko lapansi osakaniza kwa masiku pafupifupi 18 mkati mwa kutentha kwa 25-28 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Freesia - dzina lachikazi, mwinamwake linachokera ku freziya, kuchokera ku chinenero cha Chi Hunnish. Amuna ngati maginito amakopeka ndi amayi omwe ali ndi dzina ili.Kudyetsa freesia pamalo otseguka kumapangidwa pambuyo poopseza mantha a usiku. Zitsime zimakonzedwa pamtunda wokhala ndi masentimita 3-6. Mtunda pakati pa lalikulu tubers ndi masentimita 5, pakati pa tizilombo tating'ono - masentimita atatu. Mzere wa spacings umakonzedwa m'mbuyo mwake kuchokera pa masentimita 15. Kuteteza nthaka kutentha, imakhala ndi singano kapena peat. Pa August 1-3 majeremusi adzawonekera, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October a freesia adzaphuka.
Momwe mungasamalire freesia panja
Kusamala kwambiri kulima kwa freesia kumunda kumaperekedwa kuti pakhale kusungunuka bwino kwa chinyezi mwa mulching. Pa nthawi yomweyi, amagwiritsira ntchito peat wosalekeza, amawaphimba ndi masentimita atatu a nthaka. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wouma. Kuwonjezera pa mulching, ndi kofunikira kuti tinyamule fetesi ndi kumasula nthaka kuti tipeze kutuluka kwa oxygen. Maluwa a freesia m'munda amatha miyezi imodzi ndi theka. Pezani kuwonjezeka kwa nthawiyi pocheka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a tsinde pamene mukudula maluwa.
Momwe mungamwetsera freesia
Pa kuswana kwa freesia m'munda wamaluwa amapereka madzi apadera. Freesia amamwe madzi okwanira nthawi zonse pamene akukula ndi maluwa, omwe amatha masabata asanu ndi limodzi. Panthawiyi, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa. Kuwonjezera apo, amawaza zonse zimayambira ndi masamba a zomera. Njirazi zimapangidwa bwino madzulo, kuti maluwa akhale ndi nthawi yotenga chinyezi. Pambuyo pa nthawi yofalikira, mphamvu yothirira imachepa mpaka kuthetsa kwathunthu. Pamalo otseguka m'munda wa freesia anapitiriza mpaka chisanu.
Ndikofunikira! Freesia imafuna chisamaliro chapadera mukamabzala ndi kusamalira poyera.
Freedia fetereza
Pamene mukukula freesia, m'pofunikira kulemeretsa nthaka ndi superphosphates (10 malita a madzi 35 g) kapena mchere wa potaziyamu (10 malita a madzi 10 g) osachepera kawiri m'masiku 30. Pa freesias palibe chifukwa chokhalira ndi nthaka yamchere, choncho, ndibwino kuti mupange feteleza yake yokhayokha ndi madzi, mutakana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza.
Pa kukula kwachangu, freesia imafuna maulendo anayi kuti apange mchere wambiri ndi nayitrogeni. Mukakulira mumtunda, m'pofunikiranso kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi ya feteleza, chifukwa chowonjezera madzi ndi ammonium nitrate yankho (20 g pa madzi 10 l) ndizofunikira pamene mphukira ikuwoneka, ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri yowonjezerapo feteleza yowonjezeredwa ndiwonjezeredwa ndi kuwonjezera madzi pamtundu womwewo wa 40 g superphosphate ndi 20 g wa salimu ya potaziyamu.
Freesia thandizo kumunda
Freesia peduncles, pokhala wofooka komanso wophweka mosavuta, amamva kufunikira kwa zothandizira. Chisomo chaching'ono sichimachotsa kukongola kwa maluwa, koma kuonjezerapo chithunzithunzi, koma kuti asapunthane ndi kukula kwina amangiriridwa ku zothandizira. Pachifukwa ichi, galasi imayikidwa, kumangiriza ndi chingwe pamene freesia ifika kutalika kwa 150-200 mm.
Kuika zothandizira kwa freesia n'kofunika kuti zithandize zomera kuti zikhale ndi malo oyenera, popeza freesias akufunika kukula mu zikhalidwe ngakhale kufalitsa mpweya ndi kuwala. Izi zikhoza kupindulidwa kokha chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mphamvu yokhotakhota ya maluwa zimayambira. Pamene mukukhazikitsa galasi, munthu sayenera kuiwala kusunga m'katikati mwa maselo pafupifupi 10-15 cm.Pang'ono ndi kukula kwa maluwa kukwera, mndandanda wa zotsatirazi umaphatikizidwa ku gridi kapena kumangokweza mmwamba, ndikusunthira pa zothandizira.
Ndikofunikira! Freesia amafunikira chithandizo monga chomera chosalimba komanso chofulumira. Kumbukirani kuti freesia omwe ali ndi maluwa ofiira achikasu amakula ngakhale mofulumira kusiyana ndi zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi mitundu ina.
Matenda ndi tizirombo za duwa
Ma Freesias amadwala matenda omwewo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amawombera gladioli. Kusamalidwa kosayenera kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwamasewera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nsabwe za m'masamba. Koma Nthawi zambiri freesia amadwala matenda monga kuvunda, fusarium ndi nkhanambo. Mitengo yomwe imakhudzidwa yomweyo imachotsedwa mwamsanga. Pofuna kupewa mababu omwewo akhoza kutetezedwa mwadzidzidzi pokhapokha atakumba ndi kuyeretsa kuchokera ku chonyowa. Musanabzala, kuchepetsa kubwereza kumabwerezedwa. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira yochepa yothetsera potassium permanganate.
Panthawiyi, a freesia amathiridwa kawiri ndi sopo ndi madzi kuti asamaoneke nsabwe za m'masamba kapena nthata. Pamene zovunda zomwezo pa masamba a zomera zimayenera kuchitidwa ndi yankho la manganese kapena "Readzole."
Momwe freesia akuchulukira
Kubalana mu freesia kumapezeka tuber masamba, mbewu ndi corms. Mwini wokha, corm ndi kuthawa ndi masamba a chaka chotsatira ndi masamba m'mwamba. Cholinga cha corm ndi kusunga zakudya.
Panthawi imodzi yobzala, korm yakale imaloledwa kukhala yatsopano, ndipo imapanganso kamodzi kapena kangapo ("ana") m'munsi, omwe, pakubereka, amasandulika kukhala corms yatsopano.
Kuberekera kwa mbeu kumapangidwira ndi kubereka, komanso chifukwa cholephera kubzala. Nthanga za Freesia zimabzalidwa kuyambira nthawi yachiwiri ya April kufika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June muwiri kapena katatu, musanayambe kuwatsanulira tsiku lonse mu pinki ya potassium permanganate. Kufesa kumachitika pakusaka mabokosi kapena pamatengo ndi chisakanizo cha humus, sod ndi tsamba lapansi, kapena kompositi ya greenhouses. Pambuyo pa masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri (25) kutentha kwa 20-22 ° C (ndi kotheka kumalo amdima) mphukira ya misa ikuwoneka.
Ndikofunikira! Ndili ndi vuto lonse lokulitsa freesia, zotsatira zake zimatheka ndithu, ngakhale osati aulesi. Koma iye ndi woyenera!
