Kodi mukufuna kusinthasintha ndi kukongoletsa bwino mapangidwe a malo pafupi ndi kwanu? Bzalani maluwa. Chomera ichi chidzakhala chokongoletsera cha bwalo lanu. Idzabweretsa chisangalalo chapadera pa nthawi ya maluwa: munda wanu sudzakhala wodzaza ndi maluwa okondwa, komanso ndi fungo lonunkhira. Komanso, tsache limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala.
Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zikhalidwe za chikhalidwe ichi chokongoletsera komanso njira yosamalirira kunyumba.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Tsache ndi chomera chobiriwira kapena chodabwitsa chokhala ngati shrub, osachepera - mtengo wa banja la legume. Masamba ake ali ndi ternate, mawonekedwe amodzi. Kutalika kwa shrub wokhwima kumatha kufikira mamita atatu. Kawirikawiri nthambi za zomera zimatsitsidwa, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kulemera kwa maluwa ndi masamba. Mayina ena a chikhalidwe - citus, zinovat, "mvula yamgolide".
Banja la legume limapatsa maluwa onunkhira, ndiyenera kukumbukira oimira awo monga acacia, certzis, nandolo zokoma, ndi nkhono.Lero pali mitundu pafupifupi 50 ya zomera, kwa ife "anasamuka" kuchokera ku Ulaya, komwe kuli dziko lawo.
Chokongoletsera cha mtengo ndi makamaka maluwa ake, omwe amasiyana nawo mawonekedwe awo oyambirira: amafanana ndi inflorescences wa nandolo. Zomwe zimapanga maluwa ndi minyanga itatu, ndi ngalawa, ndi ngalawa, ndi mutu wautali komanso masentimita atatu. Kuwoneka kotereku kumapangitsa kuti pollination ifulumire komanso yapamwamba kwambiri.Mukudziwa? Chomera ndibwino kwambiri chomera uchi. Kuchokera kumaluwa ambiri, njuchi zimatha kusunga timadzi tokoma, zomwe zili ndi 36.7 mg shuga wambiri.Kumapeto kwa nyengo ya maluwa, zipatso zimayamba kupanga maonekedwe a nyemba zofiira. Nyemba imodzi imatha kumera kuchokera kumodzi kupita ku mbewu zingapo.
Chowala chikasu cha maluwa chimatembenuza shrub kukhala chamoyo chamoto. Palinso zikhalidwe zomwe zimakhala ndi zofiira zoyera, zofiira kapena zofiira. Udzu umaphukira pakatikati pa masika ndipo umakondweretsa iwe ndi maluwa awo mpaka July. 
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Tsache limasiyana ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, yomwe imayikidwa motsatira chivundikiro cha masamba (masamba obiriwira ndi obiriwira), mtundu wa maluwa, mawonekedwe a masamba, njira ya kukula (shrub kapena mtengo). Taganizirani zochitika za mitundu ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri:
- Tsitsi la Albus - imodzi mwa mitundu yowonongeka kwambiri. Nthambi za chikhalidwe ichi zimakhala ndi mpangidwe wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kanyonga kakang'ono ka shrub; kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi mamita 1. Mu May-June, Albus ili ndi maluwa owongoka kwambiri a mtola omwe ali patsogolo pa maonekedwe a masamba. Chidziwitso cha mitundu iyi chiri mu chisanu chotsutsa - icho chimapirira mpaka -40˚С.
- Mitambo yokwawa - woimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 20 okha. Ndi shrub yotsegula, pafupifupi masentimita 80 m'mimba mwake. Chikhalidwe chili ndi ubwino wapadera pa maluwa, pamene nthambi zake zoonda zimaphimbidwa ndi maluwa achikasu. Osati mantha ndi kuzizira. Njira yobereketsera - mbewu ndi cuttings.
- Chokongoletsera maluwa adiresi, kapena kumudzi wakunja kwatawuni korona wa tsache. Chomera chachikulu choterechi chomwe chimatha kufika mamita atatu mu msinkhu. Mbali zake zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya inflorescences: kuchokera ku chikasu mpaka wofiira. Pali ngakhale maluwa awiri (mwachitsanzo, kuphatikizapo mdima wofiira ndi wofiira pamakhala). Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana mantha nyengo yozizira: ake chisanu kukana ndi -20˚С.
- Tsache Lena - mtundu umodzi wa mitundu ya coronet, yomwe imachititsa chidwi ndi mtundu wochititsa chidwi wa maluwa, umene umakhala ndi mithunzi yonyezimira komanso yofiira. Chomeracho chimapanga shrub wandiweyani, pafupifupi mamita 1.3 m'lifupi Nthawi ya maluwa: kutha kwa Meyi - kumayambiriro kwa June.
- Oimira Mitundu ya Russia kupirira nyengo yovuta. Masamba obiriwira a chitsamba ndi abwino kwambiri komanso owala achikasu.
- Mphuno yonyezimira ya maluwa owala amasiyana msangazomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira ndi chisanu.
- Caviar zosiyanasiyana - woyimira wa citus wamba wobiriwira. Maluwa ake amasonkhanitsidwa mumoto wachikasu.
- Oimira Mitundu ya mitundu iwo amadziwika ndi ofunda maluwa, nthawi zambiri kirimu mithunzi. Kutalika kwa chikhalidwechi ndi 30-50 cm okha, koma kutalika kwa dera lomwe iwo amaphimba ndi nthambi zawo ndi mphukira ndi pafupi mamita awiri. Masomphenyawa ndi okongoletsera maluwa a miyala kapena malo owala.
Ndikofunikira! Musaiwale kuti chikhalidwe ichi ndi chakupha, choncho mutatha kuyanjana, muyenera kusamba m'manja bwino.
Kusankha malo okhala
Tsache sizonyansa, koma imakhala ndi ziphuphu. Choyamba, zimakhudza kusankha malo. Aliyense amene akufuna kuyamikira maluwa ochulukirapo a tsache ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala za mbewuyi.
Kuunikira ndi malo
Chikhalidwe chimakonda malo okhala owala koma osasinthasintha, omwe amafunikira kwambiri nthawi yachisanu ndi yozizira. Pakuti ndizoopsa kwambiri kugunda dzuwa mwachangu masana. Mawa dzuwa ndi madzulo a dzuwa sichivulaza chitsamba.
Ngati mwasankha kukula chomera mu malo am'chipinda, chiyikeni pawindo lazenera, lomwe lili kumbali ya kumwera kwa nyumbayo. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, zomera zimayenera kutengedwa kupita ku mpweya wabwino. Malo okwera pamsewu ayenera kukhala ofunda ndi opanda mphamvu. 
Mtundu wa dothi
Bhalala amasankha nthaka yotayirira ndi kubereka kochepa kwambiri ndi asidi pang'ono kapena zochita zina. M'pofunikanso kusankha nthaka ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsa madzi. Pa nthaka yam'madzi kapena malo okhala ndi acidity, zomera sizikhalabe. Komanso, ndi nthaka yomwe nthaka imakhala pafupi kwambiri. Chigumula chambiri cha chitsamba chimakanikira molimbika kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Zaletsedwa kubzala tsache pafupi ndi matupi a madzi, chifukwa ndi owopsya ndipo amatha kuwononga zomera zamoyo za thupi.
Tikufika
Kubzala ndi kusamalira broom kutseguka ndi ntchito yosavuta, koma pokhapokha ngati mutasankha malo abwino oti mubzala ndi mtundu wa nthaka. Kulima kwina kwa shrub sikufuna khama kwambiri. Kubzala izo zimapangidwa ndi mbewu kapena cuttings. Mosasamala kanthu ka njirayi, nthawi yabwino yobzala (kufesa) ndi masika (April - May).
Mbewu
Kubzala mbewu za msuzi kungatheke kudyetsa kudyetsa m'nthaka, pambuyo pa zipatso. Mbewu za kukula mbande ziyenera kufesedwa mutatha kukolola, ndiko kuti, kugwa, muzitsulo zopanda kanthu.
Pofesa, muyenera kukonza ngalande ndikudzaza ndi mchenga, humus ndi peat (1: 2: 1). Mu nthaka yosakaniza, ikani nyembazo ndikuwaza pamwamba pa masentimita asanu mchenga, kapena chimodzimodzi osakaniza. Chotsani chidebe ndi mbewu zofesedwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kuyambira 18 mpaka 20 ° C. Pambuyo kumera, mbande ziyenera kuthiridwa ndi kubzalidwa miphika yodzaza ndi nthaka yomweyo.
Mu May, mbande zimabzalidwa pamtunda. Pambuyo pa izi, nkofunika kutsitsa mphukira yapakati. Izi zimathandiza kukula kwa chitsamba. Pamene mukufika, muyenera kumamatira kutali - 30 cm.
Ngati mukufuna kukula msuzi muzigawo za chipinda, muyenera kuziika muchitengera chachikulu, kukula kwake komwe kumathandiza kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yoyenera.
"Mvula yamtengo wapatali" chitsamba chidzakondweretsa iwe kokha m'chaka chachitatu cha moyo.
Mukudziwa? Tsache lili ndi mankhwala amphamvu. Mankhwala ochokera kuchikhalidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda a mtima, kuthamanga, mitsempha, mantha, migraine, chifuwa chachikulu cha TB ndi matenda ena.
Kudula ndi kuika
Zimathandizanso kufalitsa tsache ndi cuttings ndi kuika.
- Njira yowunjizanitsa ili motere: Kugwa, pamene shrub yatha, muyenera kudula masamba ndi masamba atatu. Pakuti cuttings, muyenera kusankha semi-ntchito mphukira. Cuttings ayenera kuikidwa mu chidebe ndi mchenga-peat gawo lapansi lophimbidwa ndi galasi pamwamba. Chotsanicho chiyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 20˚С. Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti nthawi zonse mumayendetsa ndi kuthirira mbewu. Kwa masabata 4-6, cuttings idzakhazikitsa mizu ndipo ikhoza kuikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu.
- Ngati munda wanu uli wokongoletsedwa ndi nthambi zamitundumitundu, mungathe kufalitsa ndi kuika. Kuti tichite zimenezi, nthambizi ziyenera kugwedezeka pansi, pamwamba pa nthaka kuti zikhale ndi zowonjezereka. Posakhalitsa, tizidulidwe timayamba kuphuka, ndipo maluwawo amatha kukhala mbande zonse zomwe zimayenera kuti zikhale zosiyana ndi nthambi za amayi ndi kuziika.
Momwe mungasamalire chomera
Tsitsi limaphatikizapo kutsirira, kumasula nthaka, kudyetsa ndi kudulira.
Kuthirira ndi kusamalira nthaka
Tsache sakondwera kuthirira madzi nthawi zambiri, ndikumana ndi chilala. Kuti mudziwe ngati akusowa madzi, muyenera kuyang'ana mpira wapamwamba wa nthaka ndi kuchuluka kwa mphepo (ngati mukukwera kunja). Ngati dothi louma - zomera zimasowa madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Odziwa bwino wamaluwa akulangizidwa kuti azitha madzi madzi ndi laimu wambiri.Kuthana ndi shrub kumaphatikizapo nthawi zonse koma nthaka yosasunthika ikuzungulira ndi kuzitulutsa namsongole. Kutsegula kumayenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawononge rhizome.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kukula kwa vegetative kumakhudza tsache, kotero pa nthawi ino ayenera kudyetsedwa. M'chaka amayenera kufunika nayitrogeni feteleza, m'chilimwe mchere feteleza, makamaka phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Iyenera kumamatira ku chiŵerengero chafotokozedwa m'mawu.
Wood phulusa ndi njira zabwino zodyera.
Kudulira
Msinkhu wa zaka zitatu citus ndi 50 cm. Pazaka izi, zikhoza kukonzedwa kale. Kudulira ndi njira yofunikira yogwiritsira ntchito zomera. Ndibwino kuti muzitha kuchita mutatha maluwa. Kudulira nthambi ndi kofunikira mpaka nthambi zina. Achinyamata amawombera kuti azitsine. Mchitidwe wotero umathandiza kuti kukula kwakukulu kwa chitsamba kukhalepo.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji tsache m'nyengo yozizira?
Ngati chomera chanu chiri ndi zaka zoposa zitatu, sizikusowa kukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Pa yemweyo tchire tiyenera kusamala. Pofuna kuteteza miyambo yachinyamata kukazizira, amauzidwa kuti aziphimba ndi masamba a spruce kapena masamba. Pofuna kukulunga bwino, nkofunika kutsegula nthambi zachitsamba pansi ndi zida zapadera.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Msuzi amatsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma nthawi zina amagwa pansi. Adani akulu a chomera:
- kangaude mite kumabweretsa blanching wa masamba a chitsamba, maganizo. Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda koteroko kumathandiza Fitoverm kapena Fufanon.
- Aphid amakhudza ziwalo zonse za chikhalidwe, zomwe zimatsogolera ku deformation ya masamba ndi maluwa. Zizindikiro za matendawa: chikasu ndi abscission wa masamba, kuchepetsa kukula, chikhalidwe chakumira. Kuchotsa tizilombo kungathandize njira zogwiritsira ntchito permetrin (Aktellik, Fitoverm, Cypermethrin).
- powdery mildew pa zitsamba zikugonjetsa 5% mkuwa sulphate.
Zizindikiro za kukula mu chidebe
Ngati mukufuna, broom ikhoza kukula muzochitika za chipinda. Chinthu choyamba muyenera kukwaniritsa cholinga chomwecho - kusankha kusankha. Chidebecho chiyenera kukhala chachikulu pakukula bwino ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mizu.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaka yabwino kwambiri yolima mbewu mu malo amkati - gawo la mchenga, humus ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2: 1. Miyezo ya kuyatsa, kutentha, ulimi wothirira ndi kudyetsa ndi chimodzimodzi ndi zomera zomwe zabzala pamalo otseguka.M'chaka cha m'nyumba chikhalidwe ayenera kuchitika pamsewu. Kuonjezera apo, iyenera kuwonetsedwa nthawi zonse.
Monga momwe mukuonera, njira yakukula broom siimayambitsa mavuto enaake. Mukungofunikira kutsatira malamulo angapo osamalira. Momwemonso, chikhalidwe chidzakuthokozani chifukwa cha maluwa okoma komanso obiriwira. Kukonzekera kwa malo ndi kutenga nawo gawo kumawoneka bwino.
