Karoti - chomera chokhazikika (chokhazikika chimodzi ndi chosatha) kuchokera ku banja la Umbrella, zomwe zimapanga chaka choyamba cha moyo kukhala chomera cha masamba ndi mizu, ndipo chachiwiri - chitsamba cha mbewu ndi mbewu. Amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo m'mayiko a Mediterranean, Africa, Australia. Mu ulimi, kaloti amafesedwa kawirikawiri.
Gallic nematode
Nyongolotsi imeneyi ya banja la Meloydogin ikhoza kuchulukana ndikukula kunja kwa malo obiriwira kumadera otentha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zokolola zaulimi.
Icho chimabweretsa bipolarly ndi parthenogenetically, mwina ndi amfixis. Mibadwo yambiri ingathe kupitirira chaka chonse, koma ngati chitukukochi chimachitika mu nthaka yotsekedwa, zimachitika chaka chonse.
Pofuna kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kutsatira njira zotsatirazi: (chifukwa cha nthaka yotsekedwa) kuti muzitsatira njira zomwe zimalepheretsa kulowa m'matatodes ndi zinthu zowyala, dothi kapena zosungirako, onetsetsani kuti mutenge nthaka; Malo otseguka amafunika kumamatira ku kasinthasintha ka mbeu ndi mbeu zamatenda (embewu, kabichi, adyo), komanso kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bedi kuchokera ku tizirombo.
Njira zamagetsi zolimbiramo zimaphatikizapo kutentha kwa dothi kwa dothi ndi kutentha kwa 100 ° C pa kuya kwa masentimita 30 ndi kuzizira kwa nthaka m'nyengo yozizira. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito njira zamagetsi, kuchitira nthaka ndi Avermectins nematocides, kusakaniza nthaka, zipangizo ndi zipangizo.
Sare slugs
Iwo amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri usiku ndi nyengo yamvula. Zima zimapezeka pa dzira. Zowopsa kwambiri za tizirombo ta kaloti, chifukwa cholimbana nawo ayenera kuyamba mwamsanga.Kuyeretsa nthawi zonse kwa namsongole ndi njira imodzi yabwino yothetsera mavuto. Mitengo yowumitsa imayenera kuchotsedwa pa ziwembu.
Komanso, ngalande zamphepete mwa msewu sizidzakhala zosafunikira. Dera lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi slugs losafunika liyenera kuperekedwa ndi 30% laimu, kuwonjezera phulusa kapena superphosphate kwa chiwerengero cha 250-300 makilogalamu pa hekitala. Kaloti amayenera kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala a 10% a saline, kuchita mwambo usiku, ndi ntchito yowonjezereka ya slugs.
Ndikofunikira! Kukulumikiza nthaka ndi dothi lasupa kapena singano, kapena udzu watsopano, udzateteza kaloti ku tizirombo, kusunga chinyezi, ndi kupereka chomeracho ndi zakudya.
Medvedka
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timakhala ndi moyo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mavesi ambiri pamwamba pa nthaka, mphutsi ndi imago zimadya nyemba zomwe zinayamba kumera, kudula mizu ina ndi kumalo ozungulira pansi pa zimayambira, mbande, kudya mizu ya karoti. Pambuyo kuphedwa kumene, zomera zimachepetsa kukula ndi chitukuko, kapena kufa nthawi yomweyo, makamaka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zokolola.
Mizere ya kaloti imayenera kumasulidwa, zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa zisa ndi nthaka za zimbalangondo. M'dzinja, m'pofunika kukumba mitsuko yapadera yopangira manyowa 30-40 masentimita. M'nyengo yozizira, mphukira imapezeka mwa iwo, yomwe imabalalika nthawi yoyamba chisanu (idzafa mwamsanga m'nyengo yozizira).
Karoti listobloshka
Mphuno ya masamba, yomwe imakhala yobiriwira - chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha matenda a tsamba la karoti. Amasiya kuchepa, kuumitsa ndi kuyanika kwa mbewu zimayambira. Tizilomboti timakhala ndi tinthu tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timapanga, timapiko tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala timene timayendetsa miyendo.
Kwa chaka pali mbadwo umodzi. Nkazizi atatha kukhala m'nyengo yozizira pa nthambi za mapiritsi kapenanso karoti wam'tchire yokha imayika mazira oyera, omwe amatsirizira chikasu. Mphutsi zomwe zachokera mazira zimadya madzi a karoti monga chakudya.
Njira yolimbana ndi karoti kapepala ndiko kuthetsa zomera zamasamba, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa munda ku coniferous mitengo. Kuonjezerapo, mbewu ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi kusuta fodya (makilogalamu 1 a fodya amatayika mu chidebe cha madzi otentha). Musanayambe ndondomeko yokonkhetsa kulowetsedwa muyenera kuyesedwa ndikuwonjezera 30 g sopo. Mutasankha njira yothetsera nkhondo, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito Actellic, Tsimbush, Sumicidin ndi kukonzekera kwina. Kupopera mbewu kumayimitsa mwezi umodzi musanayambe kulandira kaloti chakudya.
Karoti njenjete
Mapiko oyambirira a njenjete ndi ofiirira, kumbuyo kwake ndi imvi-pinki, mutu ndi chifuwa ndizowala. Karoti njenjete imadzera 18 mm mu kukula ndikuyika mazira pazu inflorescences. Mbozi yotuluka mazira imatha kufika 13 mm, imakhala ndi mutu wakuda ndi thupi la brownish-pink, zomwe zimapezeka pamtunda.
Mbozi za tizilombo zimapanga mazira, zomwe zimayendetsa maambulera ndi inflorescences ya kaloti ndi kuwononga maonekedwe awo. Mu August, chibadwo chachiwiri cha njenjete chikuwonekera. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa lepidocide, entobacterin, mankhwala a zitsamba mukukonzekera kwa inflorescence, yomwe ikuphulika - sitepe yoyamba yopambana pa karoti. Kuchotsa maambulera namsongole ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zotsalira zazomera zimapindulitsa. Kukolola koyambirira kwa chomera, kenaka kubzala, ndi chimodzi mwa njira zoyenera zothandizira.
Karoti ntchentche
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timayipitsa kwambiri mbewu za kaloti. Ndi ntchentche yomwe ili ndi mamita 5 mm, ndipo ili ndi thupi lowala kwambiri ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, mutu wa mthunzi wofiira-wofiira ndi mapiko oonekera. Imatuluka kumapeto kwa May. Karoti imauluka makamaka makamaka madzulo ndi usiku. Kaloti akangokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, azimayi a tizilombo timataya mazira 100 pamunsi mwa chomeracho.
Mphutsi imakhala 7mm, thupi lawo laling'ono liri lachikasu. Ndi iwo omwe amang'amba thupi la kaloti ndi mipiringidzo yokhoma ya muzu. Kaloti yomwe imayambidwa ndi ntchentche imakhala yolimba, imakhala ndi maonekedwe oipa ndi zosangalatsa. M'mabowo opangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuvunda mosavuta, chifukwa cha masamba omwe sangathe kusungidwa kapena kudyedwa. Kudula masamba a masamba, mphutsi zimathandizira kuphulika kwa nsongazo. Masamba a karoti mmalo mwa wobiriwira amakhala ofiira-wofiirira. Choncho, wamaluwa ayenera kudziwa momwe angagwirire ndi karoti ntchentche wowerengeka mankhwala.
Njira yabwino yodzitetezera ku ntchentche ntchentche ndikuteteza. Nthaka yomwe yakhala ikukhudzidwa kale ndi tizilombo m'zaka zapitazi iyenera kuphimbidwa. Kutsegula kwa webusaitiyi kumapezeka kokha kwa ulimi wothirira ndi zakudya. Kuonjezerapo, zimayenera kutenthetsa mbeu asanayambe kufesa - izi zimawonjezera kupirira kwa ntchentche. Ndibwino kuti mutulutse nthaka pakati pa mwezi wa May, mutenge mitu ndi kukulitsa danga pozungulira zimayambira.
Zilonda ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatenga nsonga za m'munda kuti asakope tizilombo ndi fungo labwino. Karoti ntchentche sumalekerera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali zofunikira kwambiri, popeza pali zowonongeka za ntchentche ntchentche. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kudzala katsabola ndi anyezi pafupi ndi bedi la kaloti, ndikuwaza phulusa ndi phulusa la shag pamzere pakati pa mabedi, kapena kuika phwetekere wathanzi m'munda. Pambuyo kukolola ndikofunikira kukumba nthaka bwinobwino. Mankhwala othandiza kwa karoti ntchentche - mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Decis"
Wireworm
Aworworm amatchedwa chikasu cham'mimba ndi thupi lolimba, mpaka mamita 3 cm.
Mukudziwa? Chibwibwichi chimatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa chakuti mukayesa kuziyika kumbuyo kwake, zimangotembenukira mofulumira ndipo zimangokweza kwambiri.
Nthawi yonse ya moyo umodzi ndi pafupifupi zaka zisanu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapanga mavesi mu mizu, poyesa chomera kuti chivunda. Mu nthaka imayenda mosavuta, ndipo chinyezi cha nthaka ndi 50% pa kutentha kwa mpweya wa 20 - malo abwino okhutira mphutsi za wireworm. Kutentha kwambiri kumalimbikitsa kuti asamukire pamwamba, pamene kuyanika kwa nthaka, mosiyana, kumachepetsanso mphutsi mozama pafupifupi mamita 1.
Mazira akugona kuyambira May mpaka July. Kutalika kwa mphutsi zachinyamata m'chaka choyamba cha moyo ndi pafupifupi 7 mm. Maphunziro amapezeka kumapeto kwa July. Nyengo yotsatira, nyongolotsi zimachokera ku mphutsi zakuda. Manyowa omwe ali ndi ammonia amapereka zotsatira zabwino pomenyana ndi wireworm. Liming imakhudza kwambiri nthaka.
Kuwonjezera apo, musanayambe kubzala pansi, chithandizo cha mbeu ndi tizilombo ndi choyenera, komanso kumasula kwambiri nthaka ndi udzu (makamaka, zokhala ndi zinyama zokwawa), pamodzi ndi kukopa kwa mbalame kuti zikhale ndi mphutsi, zidzateteza zomera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kawirikawiri wamaluwa amakondwera kukonza kaloti ku wireworm. Mankhwala a Bazudin ndi Aktar adzakhala oyenera. Ndi malo akuya kukumba ndi kuwonjezera ammonium sulfate kapena ammonium nitrate mu chiŵerengero cha 30 g pa 1 m².
Zima zozizira
Amaluma mapesi a karoti ndipo amawongolera imfa ya mbewu ndi nyengo yozizira, yomwe imasokoneza muzu wa mbeu, chifukwa cha zomwe mungapeze kaloti zowonongeka bwino. Mapiko a m'nyengo yozizira amafika mamita masentimita 4.5, thupi liri masentimita asanu, ndipo mapiko ake ndi a-bulauni kumbuyo ndi koyera kutsogolo, mzere wandiweyani umayenda kumbuyo. Iyo imaphunzira mu April, mapulaneti achikulire amabwera mu June. Fosholo imodzi yachisanu yachisanu ya nyengo kwa nyengo imapanga mbozi pafupifupi 2,000.
Izi tizilombo timakhala ndi mantha ndi fungo la chamomile ndi burdock, kotero zimathandiza kupopera nsonga za karoti, decoction ya zomera izi. Kufesa koyambirira ndi kowonjezereka kwa kaloti kumachepetsa ngozi za chisanu. Pamene mazira akudula, sizingatheke kupanga trichogram pamtundu wa makope 35,000 pa hekita imodzi ya munda wa masamba, ndi masiku angapo. Chida chabwino kwambiri ndi ulimi wothirira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zingagwirizane: Decis Politrin et al. Processing imachitika madzulo.
Aphid
Karoti aphid
Tizilombo timasankha mbali ya pansi ya tsamba kuti tipulumuke, timapwetekanso nthawi yomweyo ndikumwa madzi. Masamba amapotoka, kukula kwawo kukucheperachepera, kotuta karoti imachepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa aphid ndi 1.7 mm ndipo ukhoza kukhala wa mibadwo iwiri, yoimiridwa ndi mapiko ndi mapiko opanda mapiko, omwe amabadwa ndi mazira, amakhala ndi kaloti (nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mutu wobiriwira ndi wofiira, ngakhale pambuyo pa mibadwo iwiri, mapiko omwe ali ndi mutu wakuda ndi wamtambo wakuda mimba). Oyimira mapiko - athamangire ku mabedi omwe amafesa kaloti ndipo aikidwa pamunsi mwa petioles m'magulu akuluakulu.
Pankhaniyi Masamba ofunda ayenera kuthiridwa ndi phulusa (kapena kusakaniza kwa phulusa ndi fumbi la fodya mu magawo ofanana), kumasula nthaka 20 mphindi mutatha kukhetsa. Njira ina ndi kuwaza kaloti ndi msuzi wofukiza wa zitsamba zilizonse. Muyeneranso kuyang'anitsitsa chiwonongeko cha namsongole ndi kukolola kwa minda ya ndiwo zamasamba, kusinthanitsa ndi kufesa masamba osiyanasiyana ndikupanga kubzala kwakukulu.
Mukudziwa? Chowopsya kutali karoti nsabwe za m'masamba marigolds anabzala kumbali zonse za munda.
Aphid a Hawthorn
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta mtundu wobiriwira, wofiirira kapena wakuda. Chomera chomera pamwamba pa chomera choyamba cha hawthorn, pakati pa kasupe chimatulutsa madzi ake a foliar ndi kupanga ma tubercles ofiirira pamunsi mwa masamba. Mu Meyi, imasintha kusuntha kwake - imakhazikika pa mapesi a karoti ndi mizu, kumene imakhala, kubereka mwakachetechete mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Mitengo yowonongeka imachepetsa kukula, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira anthu amadzipezanso okha ku hawthorn, kumene akazi amaika mazira m'nyengo yozizira. Pofuna kupewa, ndi bwino kudzala kaloti kutali ndi minda ya hawthorn ndikutsatira njira zaulimi mukukula. Kupopera mbewu bwino kwa zomera ndi pyrethroids ndi organophosphorus mankhwala kapena biopesticides zidzakhalanso zothandiza.
Willow karoti aphid
Masamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo timene timapanga mipira, ndipo kusonkhanitsa nsabwe za m'masamba kumawoneka muzu kolala ndi masamba. Zotsatira ndi deformation wa karoti muzu masamba, awo kuchepa kukula. Mitsinje yowonjezera imathandiza kuti nsabwe ziwonekere, chifukwa ndizoti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayika ndikuika mazira. Njira yabwino yolimbana ndi kupopera mbewu ndi neonicotinoids.
Ndodo
Kuwonjezera pa vuto la tizilombo, timagulu ta kaloti tikhoza kuthana ndi vuto la makoswe, zomwe zimapangitsanso mizu (makoswe, timadontho timene timene timapanga timadzi tokoma timeneti timeneti timeneti timakhala timeneti). Mukhoza kumenyana nawo mothandizidwa ndi misampha ndi mantha. Kwa makoswe ndi makoswe, ndi fungo la elderberry, timbewu tonunkhira ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, ngati muwona kuti ziweto zazing'ono zimadula kaloti, ndiye kuti simungathe kuchita popanda mankhwala apadera kuti muwawononge.
Kuteteza motsutsana ndi tizirombo
Ndikofunika kukonzekera malo a karoti minda pafupi ndi mabedi anyezi, kapena kuphatikiza kubzala kwawo, kusinthana mzere wa kaloti ndi mzere wa anyezi.
Ndikofunikira! Karoti imauluka amadana ndi kununkhira kununkhira, choncho, mwayi wa maonekedwe ake pa karoti mabedi amachepa.
Kuwonjezera apo, ndikofunikira kusunga miyambo yoyendetsa mbewu, nthawi zonse kusuntha mabediketi, kuyang'ana chikhalidwe chomwe chinayambira kaloti kumalo osankhidwa.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa feteleza organic - njira yaikulu yothandizira yomwe imapangitsa kukana kwa kaloti ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mavitamini amchere amachititsa kusintha kwa masamba ndi mizu ya mbewu, kuwonjezera zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga ndi aminozi. Zimakopa tizilombo ndi makoswe, choncho, ndi bwino kukana
Kukolola kwa nthawi yake ndi kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa posiya mizu yakuthwa pansi, mumayambitsa chiopsezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
