Zakudya, kudyetsa ndi kuswana zinziri kunyumba

Nchifukwa chiyani kubereka zinziri chaka chilichonse kumakhala kotchuka kwambiri? Chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika wa mazira a zinziri ndi kuthamanga mofulumira kwa anthu akuluakulu, iyi ndi imodzi mwa malo opindulitsa kwambiri pa ulimi wa nkhuku zapakhomo kapena zoweta.

Tidzakambirana za momwe tingagulire, kukula ndikusunga bwino oimira abalewa omwe ali ndi nthenga.

Nchifukwa chiyani tifunika kubzala zinziri?

Kodi mukudziwa kuti chidwi chokwera zikho za nyama ndi mazira ndi zakudya zakalekale, zomwe zinayamba ku China? Ku Russia, kugwedeza kwakhala kukupangika kwa zaka makumi asanu zokha zapitazo, koma pali kale zinthu zambiri m'madera awa.

Nchifukwa chiani anthu ambiri amalephera kubereka zinziri kunyumba ndi m'dziko?

Chifukwa ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mafakitale akale. Palibe chifukwa chokhalira nkhuku yayikulu, kukonzekera kuyenda ndikulimbana ndi m'mene mungadyetse nkhuku kapena ng'ombe.

Kwa zinziri zisanu ndi ziwiri, malo ochepa mamita a malo ndi okwanira. Ndipo ngati mutayambitsa bwino, mudzalandira mazira okwana 45-48 pa tsiku, omwe ali ofanana ndi mazira 8 a nkhuku, ndipo muli ndi phindu lalikulu mwa inu nokha.

Wina akhoza kulankhula nthawi zonse za ubwino wa zinziri ndi mazira. Koma tiyeni tiwerenge onsewa:

1. Ng'ombe za nyama zimatengedwa ngati zakudya.ndipo amakhalanso wolemera kwambiri mu mavitamini a B, chitsulo, mkuwa, potaziyamu, ndi amino acid othandiza.
2. Ikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa sizimataya katundu wake pambuyo pozizizira.
3. Chidachi chikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mimba., matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi, shuga, chifuwa chachikulu, mphumu, kuperewera kwa magazi.
4. Mazira angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chakudya cha ana kuyambira ali wamng'ono chifukwa cha phindu lawo ndi zakudya zawo: poyerekeza ndi nkhuku zili ndi potaziyamu, iron, phosphorus, cobalt, mkuwa ndi mavitamini B.
5. Phindu lalikulu kudya mazira amenewa ndi kuti akhoza kudyedwa yaiwisi, chifukwa zinziri sizimanyamula salmonellosis.

Izi ndi zokhudzana ndi ubwino ndi ubwino. Komanso, tiyeni tiyankhule za kupanga zofunikira ndi kukula. Komanso ganizirani njira zazikulu ziwiri zoberekera mbalamezi:

• kupeza anthu akuluakulu;
• kumwaza anapiye ake.

Kusankha mtundu wosunga pakhomo

Pali mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya zinziri - m'mabuku osiyana siyana omwe ali ndi mitundu 44 mpaka 50.

Kusankhidwa kwa mtundu wa kusungirako kunyumba kumadalira kudzichepetsa pakudyetsa ndi kusunga, komanso kupanga dzira lapamwamba komanso kuchapa kwa mbalame zazikulu.

Pakali pano, mtundu wotchuka kwambiri ku Russia:

• marble;
• Chijapani
• British;
• "Farao".

Thandizo: Chifukwa cha kusamvana, mitunduyi imakhala yosakanikirana, choncho zimakhala zovuta kupeza zitsamba za mtundu uliwonse.

Mazira

Zilombo za ku Japan khalani ndi mtundu womwewo wa nthenga monga wa mbalame zakutchire. Amuna amphongo amakafika 130 magalamu, akazi - mpaka 150 magalamu. Mazira akuyamba ali ndi zaka 40-60, ndipo mazira onse pachaka amafika 300-320; dzira lolemera - 9-11 magalamu. Mwina ndiwodzichepetsa kwambiri powasamalira komanso kusamalira mtundu wa zinziri.

Zilonda za Marble ndi British Anatsika kuchokera ku Japan chifukwa cha kuswana ndikusiyana ndi iwo kokha mwa mtundu wa mafunde awo. Khalani ndi zofanana za dzira - 280 ma PC. chaka ndi dzira lalikulu la 10-11 magalamu.

Nyama

Farao Mbalame amatanthauza mitundu ya nyama ya zinziri: misa ya akazi ikhoza kufika 230-240 magalamu, amuna - 200-265 magalamu. Mu chaka mkaziyo ali ndi mazira pafupifupi 220 olemera 12-18 magalamu.

Mu tebulo ili m'munsimu mukhoza kuona momwe mitundu yonse ya zinziri imayendera:

Kugula kwa akuluakulu

Ndikofunika kupeza zikuluzikulu zikuluzikulu pa miyezi isanu ndi theka. Pa msinkhu uno, munthuyo ali wokonzeka kuthamanga. Ndi bwino kugula mbalame ku minda ya zinziri, kuchokera kwa obereketsa. Ndipo izi zikhoza kuchitika nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, popeza zokolola za zinziri sizidalira nyengo. Pano chirichonse, monga akunena mmanja mwanu, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe mumalenga, zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zake.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa zakudya kungathandize kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mazira, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chimbudzi. Pakati pa masabata 3-4 mutha kusintha pang'onopang'ono mbalamezo ku chakudya chatsopano ndikuchipweteka.

Kutengeka kwa mazira ndi kuswa

Zilomba zazing'ono zazikazi sizimakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokakamiza, chotero Incubators amagwiritsidwa ntchito poswana..

Chida chothandizira kusungirako zida zazing'ono zingathe kugulitsidwa m'sitolo, ndipo mukhoza kumanga manja anu.

Zilonda zazing'ono ndizitsulo zazing'ono zili bwino kwa inu ngati simukukonzekera kubereka gulu lalikulu. Muzitsulo zoyenera mungathe kukhazikitsa mazira 370-390 - 2-3 nthawi kuposa nkhuku.

Mu tebulo ili m'munsimu, tinapanga kufotokozera poyerekeza ndi mitundu ingapo yamakono otchuka a zinziri:

Kotero, ngati mukufuna kugula chipangizo chotsirizidwa, musaiwale kuganizira mfundo zotsatirazi.:

1. Njira yabwino kwambiri yogulitsira ndalama ndi foam incubator. Sizakhala zotalika kwambiri, koma pamtengo sudzasakaza.
2. Mafakitale omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzira lopangidwa ndi mazira ndi okwera mtengo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale.

   Miyeso ya unit yoteroyo yayikulu. Kugwiritsa ntchito pakhomo, kumangako kungaphatikizepo kutembenuka kwa mazira ndi chiwindi chapadera.

   Kupotoloka kwamasamba sikuli kosavuta, kungasokoneze mazira, ndipo zida zotengera zidazi nthawi zambiri zimaphwanya malowa.

Chithunzichi chili pansipa chikuwonetsa chimodzi mwa zosankha zomwe zimakonzedwa bwino:

Zinyumba zamakono ndi auto flip

Opeza ogulitsa amalimbikitsa kuti apange okhaokha kuchokera ku zipangizo zosiyana-siyana - kuchokera ku matebulo akale a pambali ndi mafiriji kumangidwe kwa mtengo wolimba ndi plywood. Kuti mudziwe momwe mungapangire zitsamba zapamwamba, zodalirika komanso zoyenera kwa zinziri zomwe muli ndi manja anu, werengani nkhaniyi.

Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti chofungatira chiyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 37-38, ndipo chipindacho chiyenera kukhala chosasuntha kuposa 20. Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chabwino (65-75 peresenti), m'pofunika kufufuza kuchuluka kwa madzi kuchokera pazitsulo zapadera zomwe zimapangidwira.

Kawirikawiri mumatha kumva funso la kusungunuka kwa zinziri mazira. Monga momwe chidziwitso chanu chikusonyezera, nkhuku zazing'ono, mitundu yokongoletsera, mabentamu, mwachitsanzo, muzichita bwino ndi bizinesi ili. Ndizoopsa kuika mazira ang'onoang'ono pansi pa mbalame zikuluzikulu, mwinamwake zimangokuphwanya.

Zokhudzana ndi anapiye

Kotero, mu chofungatira chanu chinawonekera pepyalyata. Amayeza magalamu 8 okha, koma amatha kusuntha ndi kudya okha. Chochita chotsatira:

1. Kubwezeretsani pakhomo kwa achinyamata. Pazinthu izi, mungagwiritse ntchito makatoni kapena plywood mabokosi a kukula kwa 60x60x20 cm.
2. Zikufunika kuti zikwezeke. Pachifukwachi timagwiritsa ntchito nyali kapena magetsi.
3. Mbalame zimafuna kupeza madzi ndi mchenga woyera.

Zokambirana zoyenera:

• Mapiko a tsiku lililonse amafunika kutentha madigiri 37;
• sabata yoyamba - 35;
• pachiwiri - 31;
• pachitatu - 27;
• pachinayi - 22-24.

Kenaka, mukhoza kusunga kutentha pa madigiri 19-20, ndi chinyezi 55%.

Kumbukirani kuti kwa madontho a ana, zojambula ndi madontho a kutentha ndi zowononga.

Ponena za kuunikira, masabata awiri oyambirira ayenera kukhala pafupi nthawi, ndiye kuti pang'onopang'ono amachepetsedwa, ndipo pakadutsa masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi (45) ndi okwanira kutsegula kuwala kwa maola 12. Pambuyo pa mbalame zomwe zimakula mumamasulira mu khola kwa akulu, maola a masana ayenera kukhala maola 17 pa tsiku.

Kudyetsa ndi kuthirira

Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo, anapiye amafunikira mapuloteni, mchere ndi mavitamini..

1. Masiku atatu oyambirira a zinziri akudyetsedwa ndi mazira odulidwa opangidwa bwino, otsanulira kulala lalikulu.
2. Kenaka, tchizi ta kanyumba ndi nyemba za chimanga kapena chakudya chapadera kwa nkhuku zatsopano zimaphatikizidwira ku zakudya.
3. Kuchokera pa 8 koloko, anapiye amadyetsedwa kokha ndi nkhuku zogulidwa kwa nkhuku, ndipo kuyambira masiku 20-28 chakudya chawo sichiri chosiyana ndi achikulire.

Nkhuta zokhala ndi madzi zokha kuchokera pamitengo yowonongeka ndi madzi ofunda otentha. M'masiku oyambirira a moyo, pofuna kupewa matenda, anapiye amadyetsedwa ndi njira ya chloramphenicol.

Malamulo oyambirira kuti apambane bwino mu dziko kapena m'nyumba

Muzitseko kukula kwa 30x30 masentimita ndi kutalika 25 masentimita akhoza kukhala ndi akazi atatu ndi 1 amphongo. Pansi pa khola kuti zinziri zizikhala ndi udzu, shavings kapena udzu. Chidebecho chimalowetsedwa pamene chimakhala chodetsedwa.

Alimi ena a nkhuku amayamba kuwonjezeka masana, chifukwa amalandira mazira awiri pa tsiku. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuchepetsa nthawi zina kungachititse kuti mbalameyo ikhale yowawa kwambiri.

Zing'onoting'ono zozizira zakuthandizira zamakono zimatanthauza kuti ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa chipinda sikuyenera kuchepa kuposa madigiri 16, mwinamwake dzira la mbalame limathamanga kwambiri. Chipinda chiyenera kukhala ofunda mokwanira, ndi bwino mpweya wabwino, koma popanda drafts. Chinyezi ndi 60-70 peresenti, kutentha kwakukulu ndi madigiri 19-21.

Kamodzi pamlungu amalimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa chidebe ndi phulusa lazitsamba. Njira yosavutayi imachepetsa mwayi wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mu chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa mungathe kuona zomwe ngodya zowona zikuoneka ngati:

Khola lachitsulo kwa zinziri

Kudyetsa mbalame zazikulu

Ndi bwino kupatsa odyetsa ndi omwera kunja kwa osayenera.koma amapezeka kwaulere nkhuku. Ngati zinziri zimadyetsa mitu yawo kupyola mipiringidzo yodyetsa, khola limakhala loyera ndipo chakudya chochepa chimatha.

Dyetsani mbalame 2-3 pa tsiku pa nthawi yomweyo pa mlingo wa 30 magalamu a osakaniza pa 1 payekha. Njira yosavuta yodyera ya zinziri zazimayi ndi chakudya chokonzekera kuti ikhale nkhuku.

Nkhuku ndi zinyalala, masamba, masamba odulidwa, tirigu, masamba aliwonse, mbatata ya mpendadzuwa, mbatata yophika, macaroni yaing'ono yophika amadya bwino.

2-3 pa sabata chakudya cha pfupa kapena chakudya cha nsomba kapena nsomba yophika amaonjezedwa ku chakudya. Mafuta ena amafunika choko, laimu, chipolopolo, komanso miyala yaing'ono..

Tikukuwonetsani kanema yosangalatsa za zinziri zomwe zili ndi zothandiza ponena za kusamalira ndi kuswana:

Matenda a zinziri

Mukasunga nkhuku, nkofunika kukhala ndi thanzi la anthu onse. Choncho, wofalitsayo ayenera kudziwa matenda aakulu a ziweto zawo.

Choncho, mau ochepa okhudza momwe zinziri zimakhudzidwira komanso mbalame zathanzi ziyenera kuwoneka bwanji.

Matenda a zinziri:

1. Kuvulala ndi kuvulazidwa;
2. Peck ndi kudya;
3. Kusamba;
4. Avitaminosis ndi kusowa kwa mazira a mazira;
5. Oviduct prolapse.

Pazochitika zonsezi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zofunikira zokha ndikofunika, nthawi zina mwiniwake akhoza kuthana ndi yekha, nthawi zina thandizo la veterinarian likufunika. Werengani zambiri zokhudza matenda, matenda awo, chithandizo ndi chitetezo mu nkhaniyi.

Kukonzekera kuphedwa

Kwa nkhuku zonenepa patapita masiku makumi atatu (30) a zaka zikugawanika ndi amuna. Amuna, komanso akazi amtundu, amaikidwa m'chipinda chokha cha mafuta, kuwasokoneza.

Kutentha kwa mpweya wa mpweya - madigiri 20-24, mawonekedwe owala - kuchepa kwambiri.

Nkhuku zimadyetsedwa 3-4 pa tsiku muzigawo zazikulu: kawiri pa tsiku zobiriwira zosakaniza zitsamba (nettle, chimanga) zimaperekedwa ndi zakudya zochepa zowonjezera mafuta, 2 nthawi zina - zowononga mbewu. Nthawi yowonongeka kawirikawiri siidapitirira masiku 50-60.

Nyama imaphedwa ikafika pamtunda wa magalamu 120-150. Musanaphe zigwaza musamadyetse maola 6, kupereka madzi okha.

Kuphedwa kwachitidwa ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono. Pambuyo kukhetsa magazi, mbali ya pansi ya miyendo ndi mapiko imadulidwa, mtembo ukutsulidwa ndi kuthiridwa. Izi, mosiyana ndi nkhuku zakupha, zimatenga mphindi zingapo. Pambuyo pokonzekera, nyama ya zinziri ndi wokonzeka kuphika.

Momwe mungaphere molondola komanso kudula zida zikuyang'ana pa kanema:

Choncho, kubereketsa zinziri sizikuvutanso nkhuku kapena nkhuku zina.

Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kusunga zinthu zosavuta kumangidwa, kusunga ukhondo m'chipindamo, komanso kudyetsa komanso kuthirira mbalame bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chanu ndi mazira atsopano ndi zinziri zimatsimikizika!