Poganizira kuti zingakhale bwino kukhazika maziko a maluwa awo, ambiri akuyesetsa kupeza malingaliro owala kwambiri. Koma zooneka ngati zokongola "exotics", pambuyo potsitsa, sizikupezeka pazinndandanda - zimakhala zovuta kusunga, ndipo mitengo yawo ndi yapamwamba kwambiri. Ndiye mizere yowonjezereka yowonjezereka ikufika powonekera, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi "kupsa mtima" kosavuta. Zina mwa izo zinali balsam ya terry.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Dzina ili liri ndi mitundu yonse ya zomera zosakanizidwa komanso zosatha za Heatherflower, yomwe yagawidwa mu 2 genera: Imati ndi Hydrocera. 
M'kati mwa maluwa maluwa okondedwa kwambiri a oyambawa (ali ndi mitundu yoposa 500). Ambiri mwa iwo ndi balsam ya Waller, yomwe imakonda kwambiri wamaluwa m'mayiko onse.
Maluwa osatha amatha kuphatikizapo licoris, nemesia, phlox paniculata, adonis, msipu wambiri wa hibiscus, mwezi, bromelia, iberis, errigon.
Izi zimatha kukula mpaka mamita 15-60 mmwamba ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsamba. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mzerewu "mwa mawonekedwe ake oyera" wakhala kholo la kuchuluka kwa zinyama, zomwe zingakhale zozungulira ndi pyramidal, zolunjika kapena zokwawa. Mafuta a basamuwa amitundu yofiira kapena yobiriwira.
Maluwa oterewa amatumizidwa ku gulu loyamba la mitundu.
Zomera za gulu lachiwiri zili zotsika pansi (15-30 cm) hybrids, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo otseguka monga letniki kapena kumera pamapanga. 
Ndikofunikira! Mzere wosakanizidwa womwe umadziwika ndi F1 ndi wotsutsana ndi chilala.
Masamba a balsams onse ndi ofiira, a lanceolate, a mano kapena onse. Iwo alibe chotsatira, ndipo iwo akukonzekera mopitirira.
Mudzakhalanso wokondwa kuphunzira za kulima munda wa basamu, balsamu ya chipinda, novogvineysky basamu.
Pa nthawi ya maluwa, pamphepete mwa minofu zimayambira, wosakwatiwa (osachepera - amasonkhana mosasunthika inflorescences) maluwa a mawonekedwe osasintha akuwonekera. Kukwera pamwamba pa masamba, iwo amachititsa chitsamba kukhala ngati maluwa.
Pakati pa chipinda, maluwa amatha miyezi 6-8, ndipo pamtunda woyenera - chaka chonse. Pa nthaka yotseguka, imayamba kuyambira masiku oyambirira a chilimwe ndipo imatha mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Zipatso - zowutsa mudyo mabokosi ambirimbiri mabokosi ndi masamba asanu. Akatsegula, mukhoza kutenga nyemba (pafupifupi zidutswa 100 pa 1 g wolemera). 
Kufalitsa ndi malo
Malo a basamu amaphatikizapo mayiko a ku Africa ndi Asia, Europe ndi North America.
Koma mitundu yonse ya zamoyozi imapezekabe m'mitambo yamvula yam'madera otentha: maluwa akuluakulu a zomera zimenezi amaikidwa mu ukonde wobiriwira wa Indochina ndi Africa, komanso. Sumatra ndi Madagascar.
M'madera ozizira, zomerazi zimapezeka kuti zimakhala ndi nkhalango za taiga. Mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo chapakati cha Siberia, mafuta a basamu a m'nkhalango amakula, omwe ndi m'bale wa mzere.
Mukudziwa? Mabuku oyambirira a zomera zimenezi anabwera ku Ulaya mu 1596. Ndipotu, kumunda wamaluwa panopa kumayamba kuchokera ku kulima mabalsam.
Malo okondedwa ndi malo ozungulira kapena otseguka omwe ali ndi nthaka yochepetsetsa: pafupi ndi mitengo, pamitsinje kapena mitsinje, komanso mu zitsamba zomwe zikuphimba mitsinje.
Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe
Chifukwa cha kuoneka kwawo kokongola, maluwa ameneŵa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukongoletsa malo omasuka.
Mabala a balsam ambiri amatha kuwoneka ngati chinthu chokongoletsera:
- munda wokongola wa maluwa osakanikirana womwe umawoneka bwino kuphatikizapo udzu wobiriwira;
- Mitundu yochepa kwambiri yapamwamba imakhala yabwino kwa zokongoletsera malire - ngati mumabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, idzasokoneza chidwi kuchokera kumalo ozungulira;
- minda ya balsamic - ambiri sagwirizanitsa basamu ndi zomera zina, posankha kubzala mizere yosiyana siyana: mtundu wa matani woterewu umatsitsimutsa kwambiri malowo ndipo amawoneka okongola, chifukwa zizindikiro zofanana zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukhala ndi monolith yomwe imasintha mthunzi;
- zolemba za miyala (mapiri a alpine kapena rocky arias) - apa maluwa owala amavomerezana, zitsanzo zingapo zimapanga malire amoyo kuzungulira mwala;
- Kuwongolera mabanki a dziwe lopangidwira: kwambiri chic ndi mafuta a basamu omwe amachokera ku miyala yam'madzi pafupi ndi madzi.
Pali njira zina zophweka zomwe sizimaphatikizapo kutsegula kumalo otseguka - zokongoletsera zazitali kapena gazebo ndi kupachikidwa miphika kapena maluwa mabokosi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati pali nyama yogwira ntchito pamtengowu, ndi bwino kuteteza chidacho ndi ukonde wabwino. Kuoneka kokongola kumangowonongeka, koma maluwa adzakhala otetezeka komanso omveka bwino.
Koma mtundu ndi makondomu a mapepalawa ndi theka la nkhondo, chifukwa muyenera kukumbukira za momwe zimagwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Ozungulira pafupi ndi basamu ndi awa:
- ageratum;
- begonia;
- mawu;
- mabelu;
- boxwood;
- violet;
- fuchsia
Kuphatikizana koteroko kumawoneka kopindulitsa kwambiri komanso koyenera, ndipo mitundu yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito idzaphatikizana.
Kukula ndi kusamalira zomera
Atapeza kuti basamu ndi yokondweretsa, anthu ambiri ali ndi funso - momwe angakwerere kukongola kwawo kunyumba. Taganizirani funso ili, ndikuyang'ana zina mwa maonekedwe.
Zomwe amangidwa
Mitengo imeneyi imakula m'nyumba ndi kunja (ngakhale kuti achinyamata amachititsa kuti azikhala kunyumba - nthawi yoyamba).
Kuchokera mu chidebecho ndibwino kusankha mosayenerera kwambiri. Pali chifukwa cha izi: pokhala ndi chidebe chachikulu kwambiri, mizu yowonongeka idzayamba kukwera ndi kumenyana ndi mizu yambiri, yomwe imachepetsa maluwa. 
Kuwunika kudzafuna mphamvu, ngakhale kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhala kosachepetseka (mwinamwake zovuta zowonjezera zili pangozi yotentha).
Mukudziwa? Ku Latin America, malo apadera amaperekedwa kwa orchids. Tayang'anani mitundu yonse ya mayiko kumeneko: Venezuela ndi Costa Rica muli mitundu yonse ya Catlea orchid, ndipo Guatemala ili ndi mitundu yotchedwa lykasta.
Zomwezo sizingasinthidwe nthawi yomweyo ku basamu kumalo kapena kumunda - izi zisanachitike, ndi bwino kusunga maluwa mumthunzi kwa masiku angapo kuti zikhale bwino.
Pamalo otseguka, oyenera kukhala otseguka, osati a penumra wandiweyani (ndipo panopa, mtundu wa maluwa ukhoza kuwala).
Malo abwino pa chiwembucho ndi windless "latka" kumbali yakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo ndi malo otsetsereka pang'ono ndi mwayi wokhala mthunzi wachilengedwe pamadzulo otentha. 
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Malo a basamu amavomereza mosavuta mu gawo lapansi, okonzedwa kuchokera ku ofanana ndi pepala ndi nthaka ya turf, humus, peat ndi mchenga waukulu wa mtsinje.
Mukasungidwa m'bokosi la khonde, mungathe kudzaza tangi ndi nthaka yachonde.
Ndikofunikira! Pokonzekera kusamutsa maluwa kumunda, yang'anirani pansi pafupi ndi mitengo yaying'ono yokhala ndi korona wosasunthika: m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha, iyi ndiyo malo abwino kwambiri a basamu.
Kumalo otseguka, zomera zimamva zabwino pamabedi oweta, atayika pa dothi labwino komanso lopatsa thanzi (lolemera, nthaka ya dongo siyiyenera balsamine).
Kuti duwa lizolowere malo ake m'munda mofulumira, kwa miyezi 1-1.5 musanadzalemo organic feteleza - kompositi, peat, manyowa (5-6 makilogalamu / 1 sq. M) amagwiritsidwa ntchito muyeso yosanjikiza.
Katemera wa anyezi, nettle, zitowe za njiwa, fupa ndi nsomba, mkaka wa mkaka, ndi zipolopolo za dzira zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati feteleza.
Ndi bwino kukumba malo osankhidwa omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kugwa, pamene mukupita mozama ndi 30-40 masentimita. Ngati kasupe ikukumba imakhala ikuchitika, ndiye kuti ikafika pozama 10-15 masentimita, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - potaziyamu kapena ammonium nitrate, potaziyamu mchere kapena urea -50 g / m2).
Malingana ndi acidity, dothi sayenera kulowererapo: pH yabwino ndi ma unit 6.0-6.5.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Chifukwa cha chiyambi chake cha kutentha, balsamu imafuna madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Ndibwino kuti muzidya madzulo, dzuwa litangotha. 
Komabe, musachoke pamgulu kapena pabedi: mizu yoonda imakhala yowonongeka kwambiri, yomwe ingayambitse kuwonongeka kapena matenda ndi bowa.
Kuwonjezera apo, madzi okwanira amafunika kuchuluka kwa chisamaliro - pamene mukupaka mafuta, yesetsani kusamba maluwa. Ngati kugwira ntchito ndi kuthirira kungakhale kovuta, khalani pamwamba pa kupopera mbewu mankhwala.
Pamene kutentha kumatsika, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono (panthawi imodzimodziyo kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka mu mphika sumauma).
Kuti mupange makopi a chipinda, ndibwino kuti mupange tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (makamaka, kuti tipewe mabatire omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zojambulazo zikuyenda pakhomo). 
Kugwirizana kwa kutentha
Ulamuliro wa kutentha ndi wofunikanso - eni ake a basamu nthawi zambiri amaganizira izi:
- m'chilimwe - + 20 ... +22 ° С;
- m'nyengo yozizira - osati m'munsimu +15 ° С.
Zoonadi, pakuchita zonse zimachitika, ndipo sikungatheke kukhala ndi kutentha kwa madigirii.
Mukudziwa? Pa zomera zomwe zagwa, kutentha kumatulukanso.
Vuto lofala kwambiri: chilimwe chimatentha kwambiri. Pofuna kupeŵa, chidebe chomera chomera chimachotsedwa ku window sill kumbali yakumwera kupita ku malo ozizira. Ngati palibe zotheka, ndipo thermometer m'nyumbayo ikuwonetsa pafupifupi 2525 ° C, amachoka pambaliyi, amawaza mafuta a basamu kawiri pa tsiku.
"Misewu" yapamsewu yomwe ikukula mu penumbra yosavuta imakhala yochulukirapo, ndipo ikapanda kuthiridwa mu nthawi, idzakhala yokondweretsa diso pamaso pa chisanu choyamba. 
Kubalanso ndi kubzala
Nkhani yosiyana ndi kubalana kwa maluwa odabwitsa kunyumba. Anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyi, atsimikizire kuti palibe chovuta pano, ndipo aliyense angathe kuchita ntchitoyi. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kusankha njira yopangira njirayi.
Mbewu
Pokhala ndi manja a basamu, ndizotheka kuyamba nawo mu bizinesi. 
Zotsatirazi ndi izi:
- Kumapeto kwa February ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, gawo lapansi lidzadzaza mabokosi kapena makaseti aakulu. Kuti muchite izi, tengani dothi lofanana, nyemba ndi mchenga wa gawo lalikulu. Zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa mpaka nthaka yochepa imapezeka ndi mpweya wabwino.
- Mmenemo mutayika mbewu (ndi nthawi ya 3-4 masentimita). Powani ndi dothi sikofunikira.
- Kenaka nthaka ikupopedwa ndi madzi otentha ndikuphimbidwa ndi poyera polyethylene (kapena galasi).
- Kutentha kwabwino kotere kumasunthira kumalo otentha ndi kutentha kotentha kwa 20 ... +25 ° С. Chonde dziwani - dzuŵa siliyenera kufika pa mbewu, ndipo nthaka imayambira tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Patangopita milungu iwiri, mphukira zoyamba zimaonekera, ndipo mbande zimayikidwa mu ngodya yabwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kumachepa (mpaka 15 ° ...) - izi ndi zofunika kuti mbeu zisatambasule. Chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa kwa nthaka yonyowa.
- Podziwa kuti panalibe masamba enieni mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 2-3, mbande zimatuluka, kuzifalikira mu makapu osiyana. Izi zimafuna kusamala kwambiri: mizu ndi zimayambira ndizovuta kwambiri.
- Kuyambira pano mukhoza kuyamba kuumitsa - maola angapo patsiku kuti mupange khonde.
- Pambuyo poonetsetsa kuti tchire timatengedwera mu chidebe chatsopano ndikuyamba kukula, samalani masamba: ngati pali zisanu ndi chimodzi mwazigawozi, mukhoza kuzitsina, zomwe zingalimbikitse khunyu.
Ndikofunikira! Katundu wabwino kwambiri wa zophika mapira - miphika ndi awiri a 7-9 masentimita.
Mu malo otseguka Mbeu zimasamutsidwa pambuyo poopsezedwa ndi chisanu. Mabowo osalimba amapangidwa ndi nthawi ya 25-30 cm.
Ndondomekoyi ndi yophweka - chitsambacho chimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo chimakonzedwanso mu dzenje, lomwe nthawi yomweyo limadzazidwa ndi nthaka yosakaniza, kuthirira madzi (okwanira 400-500 ml pa 1 mbewu) ndi mulch.
Koma pano pali mndandanda umodzi: ngati dothi sali labwino kwambiri, amaika peat m'zitsime.
Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti muzitali zamtunda maluwa zimapezeka mkati mwa miyezi itatu pambuyo pa kumera.
Kumadera akum'mwera, njere zimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo nthaka yotseguka, osayiwala kuwaphimba ndi acrylic kapena polyethylene. Mu nyengo yabwino, mbande zimanyansidwa mu sabata. 
Zamasamba
Kubzala masamba (ndiko kuphatikizidwa) kwa basamu kumayambitsa kukambirana kosangalatsa kwa wamaluwa. Chofunikira cha mkangano ndi nthawi yoyenera kuchita chinyengo.
Akatswiri ena amaumirira kuti nyengoyi ilibe kanthu (ndi ogulitsa malingaliro omwewo). Ena amakhulupirira kuti chomeracho chiyenera kupatsidwa nthawi yolimbikitsa, choncho, kudula kumadulidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Mukudziwa? Nyama ya zomera siopa kuwonetsetsa kwa ma asidi ndi alkali, komanso, imatha kukhalabe mawonekedwe a mamiliyoni ambiri.
Ngati mutenga sayansi, ndiye kuti yachiwiri ikuwoneka kuti ndi yolandiridwa, ndi njira yachilimwe. 
Kuti muphatikize bwino, muyenera:
- Dulani maluwa omwe akukula pa bedi la mphukira zadothi zokhala ndi masamba 3-5 pa iliyonse (ndi kutalika kwake kuposa 6-7 masentimita).
- Chotsani masamba apansi: kotero iwo sangagwere mu madzi ndi kuvunda.
- Green billet amaikidwa mu galasi ndi madzi ofunda abwino, omwe amachotsedwa kumalo othunzi.
- Patangotha sabata, timadontho timadula mizu - kuyambira pano, imatha kufalikira ku miphika kapena makapu. Pakuti rooting ntchito peat-mchenga osakaniza, mchenga kapena vermiculite.
Njira yochepetsera imafuna luso linalake: kudula kumapangidwa mwachinthu chimodzi. Koma ali ndi mwayi wopindulitsa: zomera zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku delenok nthawi zambiri pachimake kumayambiriro (ndi nyengo yozizira sizimawoneka).
Zofunika za chisamaliro, malingana ndi malo omangidwa
Mutabzala mbande basamu sichimaika patsogolo zofunikira pamasamalidwe. Ngakhale zina mwazithunzi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo olima, zilipobe. 
Zimakhudza makamaka ulimi wothirira ndi kuyambitsa feteleza.
Ndi kuthirira muzigawo zamagulu zonse zimawonekera - gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala losakanizidwa nthawi zonse. Koma kumalo otseguka adzayenera kutsata madzi.
Zoona zake n'zakuti m'madera ena, madzi amatha kuyenda kuchokera kumabedi a pafupi ndi maluwa, omwe ndi owopsa kwa mizu. Pofuna kupewa zovuta, madzi amatha kukhazikika mwamsanga atangobwera pa tsamba.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati maluwawo abzalidwa pamalo osungirako (ngakhale ngati akupanga), kufunika kwa kutsirira kwacheperachepera.
Anthu ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito mabedi opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mabotolo. Ndondomeko yotereyi ndi yoopsa kwambiri pa duwa, posankha kusamala mosamala kwambiri. 
Mwa feteleza chithunzichi chimasiyananso. Kawirikawiri kuti balsamu imalimbikitsidwa kudya ndifupipafupi nthawi imodzi mu masabata awiri. Kuti muchite izi, tengani feteleza ovuta kukhala ndi potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni.
M'madera akumidzi kumidzi nthawi zambiri alola masoka - peat brew kapena kulowetsedwa wa mullein. Izi zimaloledwa, koma pano zonse zimatsikira kuyezo: ngati wina apita ndi mankhwala, mizu ikhoza kutenthedwa.
Kawirikawiri, kusamalira maluwa m'munda ndi kovuta kwambiri: Kuphatikiza pa njira zamakhalidwe, tiyenera kuchotsa namsongole ndi kuonetsetsa ngati tizilombo taonekera m'minda yoyandikana nayo. Koma zoyesayesazi sizongowonjezera malingaliro odabwitsa a zomera.
Zingakhale zovuta kukula
Vuto lalikulu lomwe amalimidwa ndi alimi a maluwa ndi mapesi a basamu ophwanyika. Ofooka mwachirengedwe, mwa kusinthasintha nthawi zonse kwa chinyezi, amakhala amchere komanso osatetezeka kwambiri: ziweto zimawawononga mosavuta kapena mphepo yamkuntho. 
Choncho, pofuna kuteteza duwa, iwo akuyang'ana malo odalirika (ndi m'munda nthawi zambiri amangiridwa ndi zingwe zing'onozing'ono).
Mukudziwa? Chomera choyamba chodzala mbewu mu danga chinali arabidopsis, yomwe idakula pa sitima ya Salyut-7 mu 1982. Sikunasankhidwe mwangozi: moyo wa mitundu iyi ndi masiku 40 okha.
Koma ngakhale panthawi ya mphukira yoyamba, vutoli likhoza kuoneka: m'masabata awiri oyambirira amakhala otengeka kwambiri ndi matenda opatsirana. Zovuta zoterezi zimayambitsidwa ndi zolakwika mu chisamaliro (makamaka kuthirira mozama).
Kulakwitsa kwina ndiko kuwonjezera kwa zomera pawindo lakumwera m'nyengo yozizira: ndi zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wonyezimira, maluwawo amangofuna kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa dzuwa. 
Pogula mafuta a basamu, nthawi zina amavomereza kuti cholakwikacho - amachotsa msangamsanga pamphika wochulukirapo (pamene, pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula, iyenera kuikidwa pang'onopang'ono). Popanda mphindi ino, sizosadabwitsa kuti tipewe zomera zomwe zimakhala zokongola.
Mwa njira, pafupi ndi kuika. Pambuyo pa kuvomerezedwa kuchoka ku poto yowonjezera kupita kunyumba, zowonongeka zimachitika kamodzi pachaka (osati pa nthawi ya maluwa).
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Kusamala kumasiya pafupifupi mwayi uliwonse wa tizirombo ndi matenda. Koma kusintha kotereku kumapangidwa ndi zinthu monga kuyandikana ndi zomera zina (zomwe zimakhala zofunika makamaka mukadakula m'munda).
Ndikofunikira! Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zowonjezera matenda ku maluwa ndi kuwomba kwawo kwakukulu.
Zomera zovuta zingathe kuthana ndi mavuto monga:
- Nkhumba zowopsa. Izi tizilombo timakonda masamba amchere. Ikhoza kuthetsedwa ndi mankhwala opatsirana a green mass ndi sopo yankho (200 g ya kuzitikita kuchapa sopo ikutha mu 10 malita a madzi otentha).Ngati tizilombo tidzatha kukhazikika pa pepala, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - "Omite", "Bi-58" kapena "Aktar".
- Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi thripskuchititsa mavairasi. Poletsa kupewa mankhwala oyenera: odulidwa akanadulidwa mofanana ndi madzi. Chisakanizocho chinakonzedwa kwa sabata. Musanayambe kupopera, tenga 20 ml ya kulowetsedwa pamadzi omwewo. Mndandanda wamakonzedwe a fakiti akhalabe ofanana, koma "Confidor" akuwonjezedwanso kwa iwo.
- Sakani zojambulajambula. Choyamba, masamba okhudzidwawo amachotsedwa, pambuyo pake zotsatira zake zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mankhwala ndi fungicides - Euparin, Topsin ndi Rovral ali amphamvu kwambiri pa ndondomeko ya 0.1-0.2%. Matendawa amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chopanda chomera chimene chimamera: kamodzi pamapeto, kachilombo ka HIV kamapatsirana kuchokera ku maluwa odwala mpaka kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.
- Masamba achitsuloChifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nitrojeni ya ammonia pambali pa vuto lalikulu la potassium. Kupewa kumafika poyesa kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala ndi feteleza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zovala. Mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ochepa - maluwa okhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa a madzi a Amazonian, omwe amatha kufika mamita awiri, amatha kukhala pamadzi ngakhale pansi pa kulemera kwa mwana yemwe wakhala pansi pa iwo.
Monga mukuonera, zonsezi zimatsikira kufunika kolimbana ndi maulamuliro a kuwala ndi kutentha, kuti asungunuke ndi kudyetsa zomera nthawi ndi ndalama zokwanira. Mwa kutsatira malamulo osavutawa, mumawateteza ku mavuto amenewa.
Tinaphunzira kuti basamu ndi yosangalatsa komanso momwe angamerekere kunyumba kapena m'munda. Tikukhulupirira kuti zidziwitso izi zidzathandiza kwa owerenga athu, ndipo zotsatira za mawonekedwe amitundu yodabwitsa zidzakwaniritsa zoyembekezerapo (zabwino, njira yokula ndi yosavuta).
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
