Mitengo ya Apple - imodzi mwa mitengo yaikulu m'minda. Pali mitundu yambiri yochapa komanso kukoma. Komabe, onsewa ndi nyumba yosungiramo mavitamini. Komabe, kuti apeze zokolola zabwino, wolima munda ayenera kupulumutsa mitengo ku matenda ndi tizirombo.
Matenda aakulu a Melba ndi mankhwala awo
Melba - mitengo yotchuka kwambiri ya apulo, yotchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zokolola zambiri. Komabe, wamaluwa omwe amadziwa bwino amadziwa kuti vutoli ndi losauka la mtengo uwu motsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, makamaka nkhanambo.
Pachifukwa ichi, kuti muthe kudya maapulo wowutsa mudyo, m'pofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wa mtengo, kuti muzindikire zizindikiro za matendawa m'nthaŵi komanso kuti muzitsatira mwakhama vuto lomwe likuwonekera.
Momwe mungatetezere mtengo wa apulo ku nkhanambo
Zowonetsera kunja za nkhanambokusonyeza kufunika koyimba alamu, Pali malo omwe amawonekera pamasamba, poyamba amtundu wa azitona, kenako amdima ndi osweka.
Kuyambira ndi masamba, nthendayi imafalikira mofulumira kwa ovary ndi chipatso, kumakhudza mtengo wonse, kotero n'zosatheka kuchotsa nkhanambo pa Melba popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri ndi khama.
Ndibwino kwambiri kuganiza za kupewa. Kufikira izi, mu kugwa, mwamsanga mutatha kukolola, njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitidwa: chotsani zipatso zouma, kudula nthambi zakufa, thunthu, ngati n'koyenera, zoyera ndi zoyera. Pansi pa mtengo mungathe kutsanulira ndi urea (0,5 makilogalamu pa chidebe cha madzi).
Ndikofunikira! Masamba onse, agwa kuchokera pa apulo, ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kapena kuwotchedwa.
Spring ndi nthawi yabwino yosamalira, koma iyenera kukhala mpaka mphukira. Ndizothandiza kupopera mtengo ndi 1% yothetsera Bordeaux osakaniza. Ngati mukufuna, mtengo wa apulo utangoyamba kuphulika, ukhoza kupiritsidwa ndi Bordeaux kapena ndi yankho la "Zineba", "Kaptan" kapena "Kuprozan".
Patapita milungu iwiri, kupopera mankhwala kotsiriza kumapangidwa, koma pofuna kupewa kutentha, nthambi zochepa zokha zimayenera kuchitidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi ndipo, pokhapokha atatsimikizira kuti palibe mankhwala omwe amachititsa, spray mtengo wonsewo.
Scab kawirikawiri imayamba kudziwonetsera yokha kumapeto kwa May. Mpaka pano Ndibwino kudyetsa mtengo wa apulo ndi "Humate" kapena "Fitosporin-M", kenako kugwiritsa ntchito "mankhwala" ambiri sikudzasowa m'tsogolo.
Ngati nkhanambo ikhoza kugunda mtengo, chiwerengero cha mankhwala pa nyengo chikhoza kuwonjezeka kufika pa zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Kodi kuchiza mtengo powdery mildew
Mame a Mealy Zikuwoneka ngati zofiira, zosalala zoyera pamasamba, zomwe zimachotsedwa mosavuta poyamba, koma zimayamba kuzizira ndi kuzizira. Kupuma popanda mpweya ndi chinyezi, masambawo amayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kupiringa mu mazenera, kuuma ndi kugwa. Ovariya amathanso kugwa.
Kulimbana ndi mame a mealymonga ndi nkhanambo, zimakhala zovuta kuposa kupereka chitetezo choteteza. Mlungu uliwonse, mtengo wa apulo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi potaziyamu permanganate, oksidi wamkuwa, sulphate yachitsulo, Bordeaux osakaniza kapena kukonzekera wapadera (mwachitsanzo, Topaz yachita bwino), ndipo ngati sali m'manja, gwiritsani ntchito soda ash solution.
Muyeneranso kusamala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamchere, monga momwe chizunzo chawo chingayambitse matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Pazizindikiro zoyamba za matenda, masamba okhudzidwa kapena ovary ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga.
Kulimbana ndi zipatso zowola (moniliosis)
Zipatso zowola chifukwa cha fungal mycelium yomwe ili mu apulo zouma chaka chatha. Ngati zipatso zoterezi sizichotsedwa pamtengo nthawi, mycelium imachokera kwa iwo kupita ku nthambi zabwino, kumene nyengo imatha bwino ndipo masika amawomba zipatso zazing'ono atangomangiriza.
Matendawa amayamba ndi mawanga ofiira pa maapulo, omwe amakula mofulumira, kenako kukula koyera kumachitika, thupi la chipatso limakhala lofiirira ndipo siloyenera kwa chakudya, limagwa.
Chipatso Cholandira Chithandizo imapereka kupopera mbewu kwa "Quick", "Horus" ndi "Fundazole": yoyamba - masamba atangoyamba, mchiwiri - mutatha mtengo wa apulo, ndipo lachitatu - pafupi masabata atatu musanafike.
Komanso, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:
- m'dzinja ndi kofunika kukumba bwalo la thunthu bwino;
- Nthawi zonse musonkhanitse maapulo omwe wagwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo chotsani zipatso zomwe zimavunda ku Melba;
- pamene kukolola maapulo salola kuti zisawonongeke.
Cytosporosis zomera
Mabala a Brown, ofanana ndi zilonda, amaoneka pamtengo wa apulo. Kupitiriza kukula, iwo amakhala ofiira. Nthambiyo zimakhala zowonongeka, pamadulawo mukhoza kuona mdima wandiweyani wa mycelium.
Cytosporosis imayambira pambali ya kusowa kwa feteleza ndi kuthirira madzi ochuluka kwambiri.
Kuchiza kwa matendawa Amakhala ndi zilonda zamtundu wathanzi ndi mankhwala amkuwa ndi mkuwa sulphate (10-20 g pa chidebe cha madzi) komanso kudula ndi munda.
Ndilofunikira kuti tigulitse kapena kutentha makungwa oyeretsedwa ndi nthambi zouma. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, kufikira kutentha kukukwera pamwamba pa 15 ° C, pamene bowa la tizilombo liyamba kukula.
Musanayambe kuphuka ndipo mutatha maluwa, mtengo wa apulo umapulitsidwa ndi HOM, ndipo musanayambe maluwa, ndi Readzole. M'dzinja, mtengo umathandiza kudyetsa phosphate ndi potashi feteleza.
Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a bakiteriya kutentha
Zizindikiro za kutentha - Mitengo ya apulo imayamba kupota ndi kugwa masamba, maapulo amafuula komanso amagwa.
Matendawa amayamba ndi poizoni wa nthaka ndipo nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa ndi mwini mundayo, kapena m'malo mwake ndi zida zake zomwe amamulitsa matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena matenda. Matendawa akhoza "kubweretsedwa" ndi chomera chatsopano.
Mabakiteriya akutentha ndizosatheka kumenyana. Ndibwino kuthetseratu mtengo umodzi kusiyana ndi kutaya munda wonsewo.
Pofuna kutetezera nokha, wina sayenera kugula mbande m'malo osadziwika, kusokoneza zipangizo zam'munda pambuyo pa ntchito iliyonse, komanso kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kupewa, ndi kotheka kumapeto kwa kasupe kuti awononge malo pamtengowu ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa wa sulphate.
Mitundu yayikulu ya mitengo ya apulo, njira zothana ndi tizilombo zoipa
Mitengo ya zipatso siopsezedwa ndi matenda okha, komanso ndi tizirombo tosiyanasiyana. Kotero, tizirombo tambiri ta mitengo ya apulo, kuphatikizapo Melby, ali njenjete, moths, tsveroyed, sawflies, scytworm ndi haws, zomwe zotsatira zake zoopsa zingathe kuweruzidwa ndi mayina okha. Tidzadziwa zomwe tingachite ndi tizilombo tonsefe.
Apple tsamba la masamba
Gulugufe wamng'onoyu sichikondweretsa chifukwa amathira mazira pa masamba ang'onoang'ono a mtengo, kenako amataya mu chubu, chomwe chimatchedwa dzina la tizilombo. Nkhumba, zowonongeka, zimatha kudya masamba onse, ndikusiya mitsinje yokha.
Kulimbana ndi kapepalako zingakhale zosiyana. Nthawi zina zimakhala bwino chiwonongeko chakuthupi cha tizilombo (kuwotcha masamba obiridwa kapena kukopa mbalame-kudya mbalame kumunda) kapena kupanga misampha yapadera yomwe imalepheretsa kufika pamtengo.
Angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupha tizilombo Njira zamakono: kulowetsedwa kwa fodya, decoction ya chowawa, mbatata kapena tomato nsonga.
Ndipo ambiri motsimikiza kuchotsa agulugufe ndi mbozi mankhwala okonzekera. Njira iyi si yabwino kwambiri, choncho muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mwadzidzidzi, ngati mtengo wa apulo umakhudza kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Nyongolotsi ya pepala imatha kusintha mosavuta kuchitidwa kwa poizoni zosiyanasiyana, choncho mankhwala owopsa ayenera kusintha nthawi zonse.Popeza nbozi za njenjete zimatha kusuntha msanga pamtengo ndi mtengo, nkofunikira kukonza osati mtengo wokha wa apulo, koma ena onse.
Kuthamanga njenjete
Ziwombankhanga za tizilomboti, mosiyana ndi masamba, zimakonda kuika mazira maluwa. Pambuyo pake, mbozi imakola mbewu, imathamangira ndikupita ku chipatso chotsatira, pakalipano apulo sangathe kuphuka ndi kugwa.
Mukudziwa? Mphungu imodzi mu moyo wake ikhoza kuwononga maapulo 2-3, pamene tizilombo tawonetseratu kuti mbeu ya munthu mmodzi ikhoza kuwononga zipatso zokwana chikwi.
Kuteteza njenjete kumatenda Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzisonkhanitsa chimbudzi, mutatha kugwedeza mtengowo kuti maapulo owonongeka asapitirirepo, ndipo kawiri pa chaka - m'dzinja ndi masika - kuyeretsa makungwa akale, omwe makoswe amatha.
Mu tsinde pali adani enieni pakati pa tizilombo. Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pobzala zomera zambiri monga momwe zingathere pa webusaiti kuti akope "othandizira" awo. Zindikirani kuti njenjete sizikonda fungo la tomato, kotero zimakhala bwino kuzibzala pafupi. Matepi othandizira a ntchentche amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poletsa moths.
Apple Blossom
Nkhumbazi, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, ziwononge mphukira, ndikuyang'ana mmenemo mpata wakuika mazira.
Njira zothandizira Kulimbana ndi tizilombozi ndi zofanana ndi zomwe tafotokoza pamwambapa - khungwa la peel. Kuwonjezera pa zabwino Kuyeretsa mitengoyo ndi njira yothetsera laimu (1.5-2 makilogalamu pa chidebe cha madzi).
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ndibwino kuti asiye mtengo umodzi wosatulutsidwa ndipo uli pamtunduwu kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zowonetsera kachilomboka (kuwagwedeza pa zinyalala ndi kuziponya mu chidebe cha palafini).
Mukhozanso spray masamba ndi "chlorophos".
Apple sawfly
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa amachititsa kuti ovary agwe mofulumira kuposa momwe amachitira njenjete. Atagwedezeka, mphutsi imachokera ku chipatsocho, imagwa pansi, imakumba 5-15 masentimita, pomwe imapanga nyengo ndi nyengo.
Kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Mtengo wa apulo musanafike komanso mutatha maluwa ukhoza kupopedwa ndi Chlorofos kapena Karbofos.
Apple shchitovka
Tizilombo timadya pamtengowo wa mtengo, womwe umawonetseredwa ndi zochepa zobiriwira pa makungwa. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha shitovki chingalepheretse kukula kwa mtengo wa apulo, mtengo umalira ndi kukonzanso mtundu.
Mukudziwa? Chishango chimakhala cholimba kwambiri, mazira ake amatha kulekerera chisanu cha madigiri makumi atatu, ndipo chipolopolo chotetezera chimapangitsa tizilombo kukhala osamvetsetseka kuchitapo kanthu.
Monga prophylaxis Munthu ayenera kuyeretsa mitengo ikuluikulu ya namsongole ndi udzu wambiri, kudula nthambi zowuma, kuyeretsa makungwa, kukumba pansi kuti pakhale feteleza wambiri mkati mwake, mwamsanga kuononga zishango zomwe zimapezeka pamapulo.Kwa mankhwala processing Mitengo ya m'dzinja imagwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wa sulfate, pamapeto - "Nitrafen".
Patangopita masiku ochepa, mphutsi zimalowa m'kati mwachangu, choncho mtengo uyenera kuchitidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwachitsanzo, "Decis". Njirayi imabwerezedwa panthawi yomwe ikukula kawiri kapena katatu.
Hawthorn
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timamanga chisa kuchokera pa intaneti m'mabwinja omwe agwa kapena pamtengo, komwe imayika mazira m'nyengo yozizira, mpaka zidutswa zokwana 500. Mu kasupe, mphutsi zimathamanga ndikudya mbali zonse zazing'ono za mtengo.
Mazira overwinter mu masamba akugwa, atakulungidwa ndi mabubu monga chisa. Pakhoza kukhala zisa ndi mitengo. M'chaka, mphutsi zowonongeka zimawononga masamba ndi maluwa, achinyamata amadyera ndi maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Mosiyana ndi scythe, hawthorn, mwachisangalalo, alibe mphamvu yamphamvu, mawonekedwe ake akhoza kutha kwa zaka zingapo, pambuyo pake akhoza kuwuka kachiwiri.
Mtundu wa hawthorn sumapangitsa kuti mitengoyo iwonongeke ngati njenjete, njenjete ndi tizilombo toononga, kotero kuti kulimbana ndi vutoli sikuli kofulumira kwambiri - kungosamala mtengo, kuwononga zinyama zomwe zimapezeka, komanso m'chilimwe, pamene mbozi imatha kuwona pamapazi, imwani mankhwala a apulo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
