Kukula kasupe wa kasupe: malamulo ndi zanzeru

Garlic ndi imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino zamasamba padziko lapansi. Amafunidwa kwambiri osati kuphika, komanso mankhwala azikhalidwe. Sikovuta kupeza dimba pomwe sipanaberekedwe. Kusamalira mbewu sikovuta. Ambiri wamaluwa, posankha pakati pa dzinja ndi kasupe wa kasupe, amakonda yachiwiri. Izi zimawakopa ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri.

Kodi adyo wamasamba ndi chiyani?

Mitundu iwiri ya adyo imasiyanitsidwa - kasupe ndi nthawi yozizira. Zosankha zonsezi zili ndi zabwino zake, koma zoyambayo ndizotsika mtengo paminda yaying'ono, ndipo yachiwiri ndiyo minda yayikulu. Zokolola za adyo wozizira ndizapamwamba kwambiri, mababu ndizazikulu, koma kasupe amakhala wathanzi. Kuzisiyanitsa ndikosavuta.

Gome: momwe mungasiyanitsire adyo wamasamba ndi nthawi yozizira

Chithunzi: Garlic yamasika ndi yozizira

Kanema: momwe mungasiyanitsire adyo wamasamba ndi nthawi yozizira

Mitundu yotchuka ya adyo wamasamba yokhala ndi chithunzi

Kusankhidwa sikuyima chilili. Poyamba, adyo wa masika ku Russia anali kokha mbewu "yakumwera", koma tsopano imakula bwino m'malo ambiri, chifukwa zitha kuwonjezera kwambiri chisanu. Pali mitundu yosankhidwa makamaka mu zigawo. Monga lamulo, izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi dzina - Leningrad, Moscow, Cheboksary ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu wamba ya adyo wamasika:

• Abrek. Palibe zoletsa pamadera omwe akukula mu State Record of the Russian Federation. Mitundu yakucha yakucha. Masamba amatalika (48-60 cm) wokutidwa ndi sera. Mababu amasoledwa pang'ono, amtundu umodzi (kufikira kulemera kwa 26-30 g). Iliyonse imakhala ndi zovala 15. Zikopa ndi mnofu ndizoyera. Zosintha pakawonekedwe kapadera kakomedwe. Kuyambira 1 m², amapeza pafupifupi 0,7 kg wa adyo, muzaka zopambana - mpaka 1 kg. Moyo wochepera shelufu ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
  

  Garlic Abrek - Mitundu Yosangalatsa

• Aleisky. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kucha mochedwa, yokonzekera kukolola m'masiku 110-125 mutabzala. Wolengedwa ku Siberia, sukumana ndi zanyengo ndi kutentha kwambiri. Masamba ndi otsika (mpaka 30 cm), chifukwa adyo wamasamba ndi ochepa a iwo (zidutswa za 9-10). Mababu amazunguliridwa kapena pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, kulemera kwa 16-25 g.Magulu awiri aliwonse a 18-20. Kuguza kwake ndi kokhazikika, krisimu. Kuyambira 1 m² kuchotsa mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu a mababu. Zokolola zipitilira popanda mavuto mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe chotsatira. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzika ndi acidity yayikulu ya gawo lapansi, kuchepa kwa chinyezi, nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu m'nthaka - masamba nthawi yomweyo amasintha chikasu. Chovuta chachikulu ndikutayika kochepa.
  

  Garlic ya Aleic nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi matenda ndipo imagwidwa ndi tizirombo
• Victorio. Nthawi zakukwera ndizapakatikati. Masamba osakhala ndi mipweya ya sera, wokulirapo-masentimita (20-25 cm). Babu ndi lathyathyathya lozungulira, nthawi zina limayang'ana penti, lalikulu (lolemera 38-43 g). Iliyonse mwa mabatani a 13-15. Zikopa zoyala ndizoyera kwambiri. Kukoma sikuli lakuthwa kwambiri. Kuyambira 1 m² mutha kupeza mababu 0,98 kg. Moyo wochepera shelufu ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri polimbana ndi bowa tizilombo ndi khalidwe.
  

  Garlic Victorio ndiwofunika chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kofatsa komanso moyo wautalifufufu.

• Gulliver. Chimodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima Russian. Pofika masiku okhwima amatanthauza sing'anga mochedwa. Kukolola masiku 90-98 mutabzala. Izi ndiye mtundu umodzi wokha wa adyo wam'madzi omwe amapanga "muvi". Masamba ndi akulu, mpaka 55cm kutalika ndi 5 cm mulifupi (chomaliza cha mtundu uwu ndi mitundu yazipangidwe), mtundu wakuda wobiriwira wokhala ndi zokutira zazowawa. Babuyo imayatsidwa mwachangu, pafupifupi kukula kwa mbiriyo (masekeli 90-120 g, zoyerekeza zaumwini zimalemera 200-250 g). Iliyonse imakhala ndi zovala za 3-5 zokha. Zikopa zokutira ndimtundu wakuda wautoto. Kukoma kwake ndikununkhira kwambiri, kwakukulu. Moyo wochepera shelufu ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Zokolola zapakatikati ndi 0.98 kg / m². Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi vitamini C, mapuloteni ndi ma amino acid komanso chitetezo chokwanira.
  

  Garlic Gulliver amalungamitsa kwathunthu dzinali, mitu yake ndi yayikulu kwambiri
• Elenovsky. Mu State Record of the Russian Federation amalembedwa ngati masika, komanso oyenera kukafika nthawi yozizira. Chalangizidwa kuti ikulidwe ku North Caucasus. Pofika masiku okhwima, ndi yakukula kwapakatikati, zokolola zimakolola pambuyo masiku 110-115. Masamba a kutalika kwapakati (35 cm), yopapatiza. Mababu ali pafupi ozungulira, ochepa (21-23 g). Iliyonse mwa 15ves cloves. Ma ntchintchi ooneka oyera ndi oyera, mnofu ndi pinki wapinki kapena utoto wofiirira. Kukoma ndi kwapakatikati. Moyo wa alumali ndiwotalikirapo, mpaka zaka ziwiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimayamikiridwa chifukwa chokana kwake kwambiri nematode.
  

  Adyo wa Elenovsky ndiwocheperako kuposa mitundu ina kuti avutike ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga nematode

• Ershovsky. Mid-yakucha zosiyanasiyana popanda malire m'gawo lalimidwe. Masamba amatalika (pafupifupi 50 cm). Mababu amayimitsidwa, a kukula kwake (apakati mpaka 35 g), kuchuluka kwa ma denticles kumasiyana kuchokera 16 mpaka 25 zidutswa. Kukoma kwake ndi zonunkhira pang'ono. Zokolola wamba ndi 0,7 kg / m². Moyo wochepera shelufu ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu.
  

  Garlic Ershovsky ndioyenera kulimidwa pafupifupi m'gawo lonse la Russia

• Degtyarsky. Zosiyanasiyana zinkapangidwa kuti zizilimidwa kumadera oyandikira ndi madera ozungulira okhala ndi nyengo yofananira. Anthu omwe amalima mbewu pamakampani ambiri amayamikira msanga. Masamba ndiwobiriwira pang'ono, pafupifupi popanda waya wokutira, kutalika kwa 35-37 masentimita. babu ndiwowoneka ngati peyala, mamba opindika ndi oyera, okhala ndi mitsempha yofiyira. Iliyonse mwa mabatani a 16-18. Unyinji wamba umafika 38 g. Mnofu umakonda. Kupanga - mpaka 0,3 kg / m². Alumali moyo wa adyo ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.
  

  Garlic Degtyarsky koyambirira adapangira kuti azilimidwa m'matawuni, koma adayamikiridwa mwachangu ndi alimi omwe amakhala m'madera ena
• Cledor. Zosiyanasiyana, zolengedwa ndi obereketsa aku France, ndi gulu laosankhika. Mwa kukhwima - pakati pa nyengo. Amadziwika ndi kukana kuzizira pang'ono, nyengo yotentha nthawi zambiri samatha kukhwima. Mababu ndi okulirapo, okhala ndi mulifupi mwake masentimita 5-6.Mavuto aliwonse a 20 kapena kuposerapo. Zikopa zoyambira ndi imvi, zopepuka zamkati zimapinki. Ubwamuna ndi wowawasa, wowonda, komanso wonunkhira bwino pang'ono. Zosiyanasiyana zimayesedwa kuti zizisungidwa bwino (miyezi 10), kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Sichikhudzidwa kwambiri ndi bowa wa bacteria ndi mabakiteriya.
  

  Garlic Cledor - osankhika osiyanasiyana osankhidwa ndi Chifalansa, amawonetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa ch chitetezo chokwanira

• Permyak. Chimodzi mwazinthu zatsopano zomwe akatswiri opanga aku Russia adachita. Zoyenera kukula m'dera lililonse. Madeti akukhwima ndi apakatikati. Masamba ndi obiriwira, osachulukirapo masentimita 30. Chipilalacho chimayendetsedwa bwino, cholemera 34 g. Chili chilichonse chimakhala ndi 16ves 16ves. Valani zovala zoyera ndi mikwaso yakuda bii, yoyera yofiirira. Kukoma ndi kwapakatikati. Zokolola wamba ndi 0,3 kg / m². Kusunga Bulb nthawi - osachepera miyezi 10.
  

  Garlic Permyak yojambulidwa ndi obereketsa zaposachedwa posachedwa

• Kukongola. Wina wobadwa ku France, wokangalika ku Europe pamalonda. Pafupifupi mainchesi a bulb ndi pafupifupi 6 cm, misa ndi 80 g. Iliyonse ya iyo ili ndi malaya 15 15. Guwa ndi lamkaka kwambiri komanso yowutsa mudyo, loyera kirimu, peninsular. Moyo wochepera alumali ndi chaka chimodzi.
  

  Garlic Flavor ndiyotchuka kwambiri ndi alimi aluso aku Europe.
• Sochi-56. Mitundu yakucha yakucha. Kukolola pambuyo pa masiku 80-90. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukana chisanu kwambiri komanso kusatetemera bwino kumatenda ambiri amtunduwu. Mababu ndi ozungulira, akuluakulu, olemera mpaka 50-55 g. Iliyonse ya iyo ili ndi mabulashi 25-30. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino, pang'ono. Moyo wa alumali wa mbewuyo wafika chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Kuyambira 1m² kuchotsa mpaka 0,9 kg wa mababu.
  

  Ubwino wosakayika wa adyo wa Sochi-56 ndikulimba kwawo, kusasunthika kwabwino komanso kukana kuzizira.

Madeti obzala ndi kukonza mabedi

Ngakhale kuti kubzala kwa adyo kasupe kumachitika mchaka, bedi la mundawo chifukwa liyenera kukonzedwa mu nthawi ya kugwa. Zikhalidwe zamtunduwu zimamva bwino mu dothi lopepuka komanso lachonde (mchenga loam, loam) osatenga nawo mbali acid-base reaction. Kukhathamira kwakukulu kumatha kulowetsedwa ndikuyambitsidwa kwa ufa wa dolomite, "kulemera" kwa dothi ndi mchenga, "kupepuka" kwake ndi dongo la ufa.

Malo omwe dimba limasankhidwira lotseguka, dzuwa. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi cholepheretsa china chapafupi kuchitchinjiriza ku mphepo ya kumpoto. Malo otsetsereka pang'ono nawonso alandiridwa - mwanjira iyi, madzi othamanga amaperekedwa. Adyo wamasamba samalola kusunthika kwa chinyontho pamizu yake m'magulu. Pazifukwa zomwezo, kuyika kwake m'malo otsika sikumaperekedwa - kusungunuka ndi madzi amvula kuyimilira pamenepo kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo kuzizira, konyowa kumadziunjikira.

Bedi la adyo liyenera kukumbidwa mwakuzama, panjira, kukonza masamba ndi zinyalala zina

Malo osankhidwawo amakumbidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 35 mpaka 40, popanga feteleza onse ofunikira. Pafupifupi makapu atatu a phulusa la nkhuni. Chapakatikati musanabzale, bedi liyenera kumasulidwanso.

Poyerekeza nyengo yachisanu, adyo wamasamba amafunika dothi labwino, chilichonse chofunikira chimayikidwa m'nthaka pakugwa

Tisaiwale za kasinthasintha wa mbeu. Omwe adayambitsa adyo ndi anyezi aliwonse (kuphatikizapo maluwa), kaloti ndi mbewu kuchokera ku banja la Solanaceae. Nyemba zilizonse ndi mbewu za tirigu, amadyera, mitundu yonse ya kabichi, Dzungu (nkhaka, zukini, maungu, squash, mavwende) ndizoyenera pankhaniyi. Chikhalidwe chitha kubwezeretsedwa kumalo ake akale palibe kale kuposa zaka 5 pambuyo pake.

Kaloti a Garlic ndi cholowa m'malo molakwika koma mnansi wathanzi kwambiri

Adyo wamasamba amapindulitsa mundawo pobzyala pafupi ndi maluwa, mabulosi, ndi sitiroberi zamtchire. Imathanso kufalitsa tizirombo tina tomwe timakhala ndi mbewu, makamaka zamtunduwu. Koma oyandikana ndi kabichi, nandolo, nyemba ndi zosafunika - adyo amaletsa kukula kwawo.

Garlic obzalidwa pabedi lomweli ndi ma sitiroberi amayipsa zipatso za oseketsa - tizirombo sindimakonda fungo losakanikirana

Nthawi yobzala adyo wamasamba imatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo m'derali. Dothi pakadali pano liyenera kutenthetsa mpaka 5-7 ° C. Koma simungachedwe kwambiri, apo ayi gawo lomwe ladzaza ndi madzi osungunuka, lidzakhala ndi nthawi youma. Ndipo chikhalidwecho sichimakonda kuuma kwamtunda, monganso kutentha. M'madera otentha akumwera, kukhazikitsa kumatha kukonzedwa kumapeto kwa Marichi, m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha - m'zaka khumi zapitazi za Epulo. Ku Urals, Siberia ndi Far East, mawuwo amasinthidwa ndi masabata ena awiri a 2-3.

Adyo wamasamba ayenera kubzalidwa m'nthaka yonyowa

Mababu amakhala omasuka ndikuyamba kupanga mizu ngakhale kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 4-8 ° C. Nyengo ikangokhala yokhazikika komanso yosasunthika (pamwamba pa 12-15 ° C), kukula kwa mizu kumatha, mapangidwe a babu amayamba. Ngati mbewu ilibe mizu yokwanira pakadali pano, sichitha kuwapatsa michere moyenera, zomwe sizingakhudze kuchuluka ndi mbewu.

Simuyenera kuopa chisanu chobwerera masika. Kulekerera kuzizira kwa adyo kasupe kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi adyo wozizira, koma kumatha kupulumuka kutentha kochepa kochepa.

Kukonzekera kubzala zakuthupi ndi tekinoloji yobzala

Kupeza mbewu yabwino ndikosatheka popanda kubzala zinthu zabwino. Izi zimakhudzidwanso ndi malo osungira. Zomwe alimi amalima zikuwonetsa kuti adyo, omwe adagonja nthawi yachisanu kutentha kwa firiji, amasamba motalika, koma amapanga mababu akuluakulu. Ma cloves omwe amasungidwa pa kutentha pafupi ndi 0 ° C amapereka mbewu mwachangu, koma mitu ndiying'ono.

Pakubzala, mano ndi oyenera popanda kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi ma dents, ali ndi thupi lotanuka, lolemera 3-6 g. Nthawi yomweyo anakana iwo omwe amawoneka kuti amakayikira pang'ono, amakumbukira za matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Ngakhale zili zoyenera komanso zazing'ono. Itha kuyikidwa mumayendedwe pamabedi ena kuti tiletse tizirombo. Adzapita kubiri. Sikulimbikitsidwa kusankha mutu wokhala ndi mano ochepa pobzala. Izi ndi zowola kale adyo, sizipereka mbewu yabwino.

Zomera zobzala ziyenera kusankhidwa mosamala, kuchuluka kwake ndi mtundu wa mbewu zamtsogolo zimatengera izi

Pofuna 'kudzuka' pobzala, mutu wonse umayikidwa m'firiji kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu, wokutidwa thaulo kapena nsalu yonyowa pokonza. Ikamuma, nsaluyo imafunika kuti izisungunuka nthawi ndi nthawi. Yaikulu mutu, yayitali imasungidwa kuzizira.

Olima ena m'malo mwake amayeserera kuwotcha adyo kwa maola 8-10 m'madzi otentha (40-45 ° C) kapena kumeretsa (kuyika thumba la pulasitiki, lomwe limakulungidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokasiya, kuwisiya pawindo lawunikiridwa ndi dzuwa). Mangirirani mitu yanu m'magulu awiriwa osakwana tsiku loti muchoke, kuti pansi lisakhale ndi nthawi youma. Ndi ma gaga owuma okha omwe amachotsedwa kunja popanda kuwononga chipolopolo chamkati.

Maola 10-12 musanafike pofufuza matenda oyambalala. Ma cloves a kasupe adyo amamizidwa kwa maola 2-3 mu mawonekedwe a pinki ofiira a potaziyamu permanganate kapena 1% - mkuwa wa sulfate. Pazifukwa izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni kapena njira yothira mchere (10 g / l). Ndipo popewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, kukonzekera kulikonse komwe kumakhala ndi mkuwa - fungicides (Fitoverm, Kuprozan, Horus, Skor, Abiga-Peak) ndikothandiza. Kuti muchepetse dongosolo la kumera, ma biostimulants amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Kornevin, Zircon, Epin.

Potaziyamu permanganate yankho - imodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Vidiyo: Kukonzekera adyo kuti mubzale

Garlic amabzalidwa ndikukhazikika pakati pa mizere ya 25-30 cm.Ulingo woyenera kwambiri wa furrow ndi masentimita 3-4. Pakuya kwakukulu, kukula kwa mbewuyo kumayamba pang'onopang'ono. Mano amayikidwa kudutsa masentimita 8-12 mpaka pansi. Kukula kwake, komwe kuli malo ambiri pakati pa mababu amtsogolo. Kuzinyika m'nthaka ndikumakongoletsa gawo lapansi mutabzala sikulimbikitsidwa, kubzala zinthu kumatha kuwonongeka. Ngati nthaka yapansi ikuyandikira pamwamba pa dothi, ndibwino kuti muzuze bedi ndi 15-20 cm.

Kutalikirana pakati pa ma clove oyandikana ndi nthawi yobzala kumatengera kukula kwawo

Mizere imakutidwa ndi msuzi wosakanikirana wa humus ndi peat pamwamba, wophatikizidwa ndi masamba owuma, utuchi, udzu, ndikupanga wosanjikiza 2-3 cm. Mbewu zambiri zitha kuyembekezedwa pambuyo pa masiku 10-12.

Nthambi za adyo za masika zimawoneka mwachangu komanso mwamtendere

Vidiyo: Kubzala adyo wamasamba munthaka

Chisamaliro Garlic Care

Garlic ndi chikhalidwe chosasinthika, koma sichingathandize kupeza mbewu yochulukirapo osapatsa mabedi nthawi yochepa komanso khama. Osachepera, wosamalira mundawo azifunikira udzu ndi kumasula dothi nthawi zonse. Udzu umasunthika mosavuta adyo wamasamba, kuchotsa zakudya zofunikira zake. Kuthirira moyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pa nthawi yake ndikofunikira chifukwa cha mbewu.

Chinyezi cholimba m'dothi la kasupe chimangofunikira pokhapokha gawo loyambirira, masamba akamakula. Chomera nthawi yomweyo "chimafotokozera" chinyezi - malangizo awo amasanduka achikasu ndi owuma. Pafupifupi, kuthirira kamodzi m'masiku 4-5 ndikokwanira. Mtengo wa mowa ndi 10-12 l / m².

Kuthirira adyo panthawi yogwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono kumachepa, pang'onopang'ono ndikusowa

Mababu atayamba kale kupanga, gawo lapansi limathiriridwa madzi pang'ono, ndipo ngati kuli mvula, nyengo yozizira, sichithirira madzi konse. Kuchuluka chinyezi panthawiyi kungayambitse Kutentha kwawo, Kukula kwa bowa.

Masabata atatu isanakwane deti la kuphukira kwa adyo, kuthirira kumayima kwathunthu. Kupanda kutero, zovala zake zimakhala zamadzi. Izi zimakhudzanso kukoma ndi kusunga zabwino zonse.

Mizu ya adyo ya masika ndi yofowoka poyerekeza ndi nthawi yozizira, satha kutulutsa michere yokwanira m'nthaka kuti ipange mababu akuluakulu, kotero mbewu zimafunikira waukulu mulingo wa feteleza.

Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika pomwe tsamba limafikira masentimita 4-5. Kuti mapangidwe achangu a masamba obiriwira, adyo afunika nayitrogeni. Amathiriridwa ndi yankho la urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate (12-15 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Gwero lachilengedwe la nayitrogeni ndi ndowe kapena mbalame zatsopano. Koma mu mawonekedwe ake osadetsedwa, ndizoletsedwa kuyambitsa udzu - mizu "ipse". M'malo mwake, kulowetsedwa kumakonzedwa ndikuthira malita a 2-3 a malisiti mu ndowa ndikuchoka kwa masiku angapo m'malo otentha pansi pa chivindikiro chotsekedwa mwamphamvu. Musanagwiritse ntchito, umasefedwa ndi kulowetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 8 kapena 1:15, motero, kuti mupfuse manyowa ndi zinyalala.

Urea - imodzi mwazinthu feteleza zotchuka za nayitrogeni

Nitrogen ochulukirapo m'nthaka imavulaza adyo. Izi zimachepetsa chitetezo chake. Chomera chimayamba "kunenepa", ndikupanga khola lophimba lamasamba kuti livulaze mababu.

Chovala chotsatirachi chapamwamba ndi phosphorous-potash. Feteleza izi zimayamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira pomwe mutu udapangidwa. Zokwanira katatu pa nthawi yakukula ndi nyengo zofanana. Mapeto ake ndi pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kuti nthawi yokolola ipsa. Ngati mukukangalika ndi feteleza awa, ma clove amasweka. Garlic imathiriridwa ndi mayankho a potaziyamu sulfate ndi superphosphate (8-10 g pa 10 l yamadzi). Njira ina yachilengedwe ndiyo kulowetsapo phulusa la nkhuni. Mtsuko wa lita imodzi yaiwisi umathiridwa mu malita 5 a madzi otentha, wowumitsidwa kwa maola 8-10, wosefera musanagwiritse ntchito.

Phulusa la nkhuni - gwero lachilengedwe la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous

Palinso feteleza wapadera wazomera. Koma choyamba werengani malembedwewo. Garlic ndi yololera ku chlorine ndi mankhwala ake, amadziunjikira zamkati.

Mukamasankha feteleza wa adyo, onetsetsani kuti mulibe mankhwala enaake a chlorine

Ngati kukula kwa adyo wamasamba kumachedwetsa, mutha kumudyetsa ndi zachilengedwe - yankho la vermicompost, kulowetsedwa kwa green nettle, dandelion.

Matenda, tizirombo, mavuto enanso

Ngakhale kuti adyo amachotsa tizirombo tina tonse m'munda ndipo ndi magwero achilengedwe opanga zovuta, palokha sitingapewe matenda komanso tizirombo. Njira zopewera kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi ukadaulo waulimi wabwino.

Mwa matenda a adyo a masika, ambiri ndi:

• Dzimbiri. Chizindikiro choyamba ndimikwapakati tachikasu patimata. Pang'onopang'ono, amakhala ochulukirapo, amasintha kukhala mawonekedwe owoneka pang'ono opangidwe, osintha mtundu kukhala lalanje.
  

  Mafangayi a dzimbiri amakhudza pafupifupi mbewu zonse za m'mundamo; adyo ndiwonso

• Peronosporosis (downy mildew). Nthawi yotentha, matendawa amakula msanga, koma bowa samakonda kutentha ndi chilala. Kukula kwa chomera kumachepera, masamba, kuyambira pamwamba, amatembenuka, kutembenukira chikasu ndi kufota.
  

  Zoyenera nyengo za kukula kwa peronosporosis - chinyezi chachikulu komanso kutentha pang'ono kwa mpweya

• Fusarium Vutoli limakonda kwambiri madera akum'mwera otentha. Ngakhale madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha sakhala otetezeka kwa iwo, ngati nthawi yotentha imayenda bwino malinga ndi nyengo. Masamba, kuyambira pa nsonga, amasintha chikasu ndikuwuma, yokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala. M'matopewo, amalemba chikwangwani chofiirira, chofiirira, chofanana ndi nkhungu. Pomaliza, mitu imavutika - mano amakhala ofewa, ophimbidwa ndi nkhungu yomweyo.
  

  Fusarium adyo angakhudze mbewu zonse pakumera kolimba ndikatha kuyiyika yosungidwa
• Bacteriosis (bakiteriya zowola). Imathanso kukhudza adyo wamasamba onse m'mundamo komanso nthawi yosunga. "Zilonda" zachikasu zachikasu zimawonekera pamatchinjiri, pang'onopang'ono zimakula kukula. Kugunda kumakhala kowonekera, kenako ndikusintha kukhala kamtambo kamtambo ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
  

  Bakiteriya zowola za adyo, zomwe zimapangika nthawi yosungirako, zimatha kuwononga mwachangu mbewu yonse

• Zola zowola. Masamba amasanduka achikasu, zovala zoyera bwino zofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje zimawonekera pamitu. Mano amakhala ngati galasi, amawola mwachangu.
  

  Ndizosatheka kuchotsa zoyera zowola za adyo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono

Njira zochizira matenda a bakiteriya pakadali pano kulibe. Chifukwa chake, toyesa matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo amayenera kuchotsedwa posachedwa pamabedi ndikuwotcha, ndikuthira dothi ndi njira yothetsera ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena 5% Bordeaux fluid.

Polimbana ndi bowa, fungicides iliyonse imagwira ntchito. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe mankhwalawa okhala ndi chilengedwe (Alirin-B, Topaz, Bayleton, Maxim, Previkur), ndi otetezeka kuumoyo wa anthu komanso chilengedwe. Chithandizo choyamba chikuchitika, kuzindikira zizindikiro, kenako china, ndi kutalika kwa masiku 7-10. Ndi yankho la mankhwalawa, mbewu zimapopera mbewu, dothi limakhetsa. Popewa, kuoneka ngati mphukira zoyambirira, ndikofunika kuchitira adyo wamasamba ndi mankhwala wowerengeka pakatha masabata 1.5-2 - yankho la phulusa la koloko, kefir kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi kapena whey, wamphamvu wa iodine.

Tizirombo sitidutsa pachikhalidwechi:

• Anyezi akuuluka. Mphutsi zimadyanso masamba obiriwira okha mkati. Amavunda mwachangu. Zomera zimafota, pang'onopang'ono ziume. Kuti tiziwopseza tizilombo, ndibwino kusinthanitsa kubzala kwa adyo ndi kaloti, kuwaza dothi pabedi ndi ufa wa mpiru, tsabola wofiyira pansi, ndulu za fodya. Pofuna kuthana ndi anyezi kuuluka gwiritsani ntchito Decis, Inta-Vir, Iskra-Bio.
  

  Kubzala adyo ndi karoti kwapafupi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri; adyo amakankhira karoti kuuluka, karoti - anyezi

• Garlic nematode. Nyongolotsi yopyapyala imalowa m'mizu ndipo pang'onopang'ono imasunthira tsinde, ikayika mazira mu minofu. Masamba ophimbidwa ndi mawanga owoneka ngati bulauni, wopindika. Kuchotsa tizilombo ndizovuta kwambiri. Popewa, kama musanabzale komanso nthawi 2-3 nthawi yakula umakhetsedwa ndi saline (5-7 g / l). Mphepo za Nemabakt zimayambitsidwa pansi kumapeto. Mukatha kukolola - anakhetsa ndi Thiophos.
  

  Ndikovuta kwambiri kuchotsa nematode; mazira azomera m'nthaka amakhalabe ogwira ntchito mpaka zaka zisanu

• Anyezi (muzu) Mafunso. Imalowetsa mababu kudutsa pansi, kwenikweni "ndikupera" mpaka kukhala fumbi loyera, kenako ndikudya mabatani mkati. Mitu imawola, chomera chimafa. Popewa, kama wake umadzazidwa ndi tansy, thukuta masabata 1.5-2 aliwonse. Kuti muchotse mpikisano, kukonzekera kwapadera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito - acaricides (Neoron, Omayt, Apollo).
  

  Anyezi mite si tizilombo, chifukwa chake, mankhwala apadera - ma acaricides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana nawo

Kanema: njira zothanirana ndi anyezi akuuluka

Vuto wamba ndi masamba achikasu a adyo. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ambiri. Koma itha kuchitiranso umboni zolakwika zaumwini muulimi, makamaka, kuchepa kwa macro- ndi ma microelements, chinyezi m'nthaka. Momwemonso, chomera chimayankha kubzala mu gawo lapansi losayenera.

Kututa ndi kusunga

Zowona kuti adyo wamasamba kale wakhwima zimawonekera ndi chikaso chachikulu ndikuyika masamba, kufewetsa mizu. Nthawi yovuta ndiye kutha kwa Ogasiti kapena kuyamba kwa Seputembala. Simungachedwetse kukolola. Khalidwe la adyo lotere limasokonekera kwambiri - mitu imagawanika m'magulu awiri, khungu limang'ambika, pansi kumamera. Ngakhale kuchedwetsa kwa masiku 2-3 ndikofunikira.

Garlic wochotsedwa m'mundamo ndiwowuma kuti uwume bwino

Mutha kufulumizitsa nyengo yakucha ya mbeu ndi "kutumiziranso" pafupifupi michere yonse ku mababu:

• Mangani masamba kukhala mfundo.
• Multi dothi. Chifukwa chake zimatenthedwa pang'ono, ndipo kukula kwamphamvu kwa mutu kumachitika makamaka pamtunda wotsika.
• Mosamala yikani bwino mpeni wakuthwa ndi tsamba lalitali pansi pa mutu ndikudula pang'ono mpaka mizu yakuya masentimita 3-5. Njira imafunikira luso linalake, apo ayi ndizosavuta kuwononga babu.

Masamba a adyo atamangidwa mu mfundo, michere singathenso kuyendera voliyumu imodzimodzi, imayendetsedwa ku babu

Pokolola, sankhani tsiku ladzuwa, losapsa. Kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa makina, adyo amakumbidwa ndi pitchfork. Kenako imafunikira kuti idume mu mpweya wabwino kwa masiku 5-7. Mitu imayikidwa pansi pa denga kuti itetezere kugwa mvula. Kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji kumawathandizanso.

Mababu owuma amayeretsedwa ndikutsatira lapansi, mizu ndi masamba kudulidwa, ndikusiya masentimita 2-3 ndi 8-10. Garlic yamasamba imakonzedwa, kutaya mitu yowonongeka ndi bowa, ma virus, tizilombo.

Kanema: Malangizo okolola ndi kusunga adyo

Chikhalidwe sichosankha pazosungidwa. Koma zidzakhudza kukolola kwamtsogolo. Adyo wam'mphepete amaonetsera kutentha bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa firiji komanso kutentha kwambiri pafupifupi 0 ° C. Ndikofunikira kuti malowa akhale owuma komanso owongolera.

Garlic sifunikira malo osungirako apadera, ingagwirizane ndi nyumba komanso m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba

Garlic imatha kusungidwa m'mabokosi amatabwa, mabokosi amatabwa ndi pulasitiki, mabasiketi okhala ndi mabowo otenthetsera, owazidwa ndi udzu, utuchi, zipsera za nkhani. Kuti asunge malo, amayika m'matumba, amaika matayala akale a nylon kapena matumba a nsalu, amawomba "mabulangete", ndikuwakhomera padenga. Mababu amasungidwa bwino ngati aliyense atakulungidwa mu kanema womata kapena kuviika mu paraffini woyenga.

Garlic "mabamba" amatha kusandulika kukhala chokongoletsera choyambirira chamkati chakukhitchini

Yoyenera kusungidwa ndi zovala za peeled. Amayikidwa mugalasi la opaque kapena zitsulo zamatabwa, zowazidwa ndi ufa, zowazidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Ndipo ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mchere kapena kuwathira mafuta a masamba, mutha kununkhiza nthawi yomweyo. Mafuta otere, mwachitsanzo, ndi abwino kwambiri ngati kavalidwe ka saladi.

Kusunga adyo m'mafuta ndizothandiza komanso zopindulitsa.

Pomwe mulibe adyo wambiri, ingoyikani zovalazo mu thumba lapadera la pulasitiki lokhala ndi pulani yolimba ndikuyika mufiriji (chipinda chopangira masamba ndi zipatso).

Adyo wokula, nthawi yonse yozizira ndi ya masika, ngakhale wolima wokalima angathe. Iliyonse mwa mitundu yachikhalidwe ili ndi nthawi yake yakubzala, kukolola ndi ma nuances osamalira, omwe ayenera kudziwidwiratu. Musaiwale za kupewa matenda - mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, adyo ali ndi matenda omwe amapezeka pompopompo ndipo tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Mfundo yofunika ndi kusankha kwa mitundu. Zimangotengera gawo la kulima, koma pali zinthu zina zofunika kudziwa.