Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya apulo ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Iwo amasiyana mofanana ndi kucha kwa zipatso, kukula kwake, kulawa, mawonekedwe a korona, chikhalidwe cha fruiting.
Ndipo, musanamere mtengo wa apulo pamtunda mwanu, muyenera kufotokoza momveka bwino zomwe mungakonde kuti mutenge pamtengo.
Ngati chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kusunga khalidwe la zipatsondiye mwayi wabwino ukhoza kukhala zosiyanasiyana Antey.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Antey - nyengo yozizira. Maapulo akhoza kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, abwino podutsa mpweya Miyezi 5-6.
Komabe, siuma chifukwa cha khungu lofiira ndi zamkati, ndipo chifukwa chomwecho sichikumva ululu panthawi yaulendo.
Osachepera wolimba ndi mtengo wokha, kupereka chotero chokhazikika ndi zipatso zamphamvu.
Mu 1996, Antey anadziwitsidwa ku Register Register ya mitundu ndi mitengo-handicraft mitundu ya Belarus chifukwa chake kupirira ndi wochuluka fruiting.
Antey amatanthauza mitundu yozizira-yolimba ndipo amatha kukula bwinobwino ndi kubereka zipatso zigawo za Russia, kumene m'nyengo yozizira kutentha kumadutsa pansi madigiri makumi atatu.
Mitengo yachisanu imaphatikizansopo: Wosankhidwa, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Aport ndi Antonovka wamba.
Kuwongolera
Mitengo yambiri ya apulo wodzikonda, chifukwa cha fruiting, amafuna mitengo yomwe imatha kuyambitsa pollination.
Antey ndi zosiyanaChoncho ndi bwino kulima pafupi ndi mitundu ina ndi nthawi ya maluwa.
Zitha kukhala pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa autumn kapena wa chilimwe - zomwe zabwino ndizo: Welsey, Anise, Autumn Striped, Pepin safironi. Zima za mitundu yosiyanasiyana pereopilyatsya zoipa pakati pawo.
Monga pollinator, mungagwiritse ntchito mitundu ya chilimwe Golden Summer, Mwana wamkazi Papirovka, Yandykovsky, Orlov ndi Summer.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana Antey
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a apulo ndi chipatso chomwecho.
Kutalika kwa mtengo ndipakati ili kufika mamita 2.5.
Crohn ochepa, piramidi yozungulira, Zigawidwa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kudulira, komanso kukolola zipatso.
Masamba ndi aakulu, amdima wobiriwira, amakhala ndi petioles yaitali, m'mphepete mwawo amajambulidwa ndi mano ozungulira, ndipo mapepala ali ndi miyezi yochepa kapena lancet-ngati.
Pansi pa pepalali paliponse, nsongayo imatchulidwa.
Fruiting ndi yosakaniza, koma mphetezo ndizokulu, mtengo ukhoza kuyamba kuphuka ndi kukulitsa kuchokera zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zowonjezera.
Maluwa nthawi - Maluwa amasamba pakati pa May.
Maapulo osiyanasiyana Antey kukula kwakukulu kosiyanakulemera kwao kuli 200 mpaka 250 magalamu.
Maapulowa ali ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana, osakanikirana pang'ono ndi saucer wobiriwira kwambiri komanso wakuya, nthawi zambiri amatha kuphulika.
Mafupa amatsekedwa, nthawi zina akhoza kukhala otseguka.
Tsinde nthawi zambiri limangoyamba.
Zipatsozo zimakhala zofiira kwambiri kapena zofiira, zomwe zimakhala zofiira pamodzi ndi mawu ofunika obiriwira.
Wax wochuluka wa patina amachititsa kuti phokoso likhale labluish.
Nyama ya maapulo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yambiri, yowutsa mudyo, yobiriwira, mafupa ndi aakulu, zipinda za mbewu zimatseguka, zazikulu, zooneka ngati mtima.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Antey anagwidwa ndi wantchito wa bungwe la kafukufuku wa ku Belarusian kwa mbatata, masamba ndi zipatso kukula, G.K. Kovalenko, mwa kudutsa mitundu ya mtengo wa apulo Newtosh ndi Agogo aakazi, ndi kudutsa kumeneku kwa mtundu wosakanizidwawu Chi Belarusiya kapezi.
Ichi sichinali kuyesayesa koyambirira kwa wokonzetsa kupanga mitundu yobiriwira yozizira ndi yozizira ya maapulo - rasipiberi ya ku Belarusiya nayenso brainchild yake. Antey analandira makhalidwe ambiri kuchokera ku zosiyanasiyana.
Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera
Ngakhale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Antey inalengedwa m'madera a kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, kumene nyengo yozizira ndi yochepa, Mtengo wa apulo suwopa mantha.
Mtengowu ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo sufuna njira zina zowonjezereka kuti zikhazikitsidwe m'madera ndi nyengo yovuta.
Kuwonjezera apo, maluwa nyengo imalola masamba ndi ovariya a zomera kupewa amphamvu masika frosts.
Mukamabzala achinyamata mbande Ndizothandiza kuthana ndi mizu ndi phytohormones kuti zitha kukhazikitsa mizu yatsopano ndi kusintha kofulumira kwa zikhalidwe zatsopano.
Pereka
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya maapulo, Antey alibe chidziwitso chodziwika bwino mu fruiting.
Amaika maluwa osati chaka, koma chaka chilichonseChoncho ngakhale nyengo zina zomwe mitengo ina ya apulo siimabereka mbewu, Mitengo ya zosiyanazi ili ndi zipatso zakucha.
Chiwerengero cha maapulo pa chomera chimodzi chachikulu ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 50, pobzala mu chitsanzo chachisanu ndi zitatu, zokolola zingatheke mpaka matani 40 pa hekitala lalikulu munda. Chifukwa cha fruiting yake yambiri komanso yochulukirapo, izi zimakhala zamalonda zamtengo wapatali.
Zipatso zifike pokhwima mu theka lachiwiri la September kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October.
Awo kukula kwa ogulitsa amabwera pozungulira miyezi iwiri mutatha kumwa maapulo, kamvekedwe ka peel ndi zamkati zimakhala zotenthetsa, pang'ono mwachikasu.
Kuchokera m'nyengo yozizira mpaka pakati pa chaka, Antey amateteza zosangalatsa zonse.
Samalani mitundu ina ya zipatso za apulo: Dessert Petrova, Papirovka, Orlovskoye Polesye, Marat Busurin ndi Orlovskoye Polesye.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Ndi chomera chosadulidwa. sakusowa chisamaliro chachikulu cha ntchito.
Zofunikira zake zonse ndi zochepa ndi njira zoyambirira zomwe zili zofunika kwa mitundu yonse ya mitengo ya apulo:
- kuthirira mvula
- kumveka pamwamba
- kupanga zokongoletsera,
- kudulira,
- mankhwala oletsa tizirombo ndi matenda.
Yambani kubzala mitengo yaying'ono bwino m'dzinja, osati m'chaka - Pambuyo pa tsamba lakugwa, nthawi imene mbewuyo imatulutsa mizu yayitali kwambiri kuposa nthawi yopuma.
Pakati pa chilimwe, zomera zinatha kuwonjezerapo zakudya zisanafike nthawi yobisala, nyengo yawo ya kukula inathera, ndipo amasamukira kumalo atsopano mosavuta, chinthu chachikulu - kukhala ndi nthawi yowagwirira pansi pamaso pa chisanukuti mukhale ndi mizu yatsopano.
Kubzala mitengo ya apulo muyenera kusankha malo abwino ndi nthaka yochepa komanso yokwanira yopanda ndale.
Malo okwirira kwambiri pansi pamadzi ndi acidified si njira yabwino kwambiri, ndiyotheka Samalani kuti gawo la munda wamtsogolo ndi louma mokwanira.
Komabe, mizu ndi yoopsa kuti iume., asanalowe pansi, m'pofunika kuwasungunula pang'ono, atakulungidwa ndi zinthu zopanda madzi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mukakonzekera kuika mbewu m'malo osatha - awaike m'madzi kwa maola angapo.
Pambuyo kudulira akufa ndi mizu yosweka, mulu wa munda wachonde wachonde umatsanulidwira mu dzenje lokonzekera mtengo wa apulo, momwe iwo akugawa mogawanika.
Poto ayenera kukumba, pokhapokha kuti mizu ya khosi iyenera kukhala 2-3 masentimita 2-3 pamwamba pa nthaka.
Kuchulukitsa chibelekero pamtundu wabwino kungachititse kuti chitukuko chisafulumire ndi fruiting, pa mbewu yovuta kwambiri.
Mukakumba mkati, ngati mukufunikira, nkhwangwa yothandizira, muyenera kudzaza mizu ndi dziko lapansi, ndikuyikamo mosamala ngati ikutsanulira mu dzenje.
Simungathe kupondaponda kwambiri. Mtsinje waung'ono uyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka, yomwe idzakhazikika pambuyo kuthirira madzi ambiri.
Mukamangirira ndi kuthirira pulasitiki (zimathandiza kuwonjezera zowonjezereka za rooting m'madzi), zimangokhala zodzaza nthaka ngati zakhazikika kwambiri, ndipo mukhoza kuchoka kuti mukhazikike mwakachetechete.
Kudulira mitengo ya apulo mu masika kuyambira March mpaka May.
Chifukwa cha korona yosawerengeka yagawanika kukhala tier, Anteas imapangidwira mosavuta, ndipo ntchito yoyenera nthambiyo imakhala yochepa.
Koma kuchotsa nsonga, nthambi zakufa ziyenera kupangidwa nthawi zonse. Nthambi zakufa ndi zotentha ndi bowa ndi nkhuni, sangathe kutsalira pamtengo.
M'nyengo yotentha, mitengo imasowa kuthirira. Mtengo woyenera wa madzi okwanira kuti apange nthaka yosanjikiza ndi mizu - 50-80 malita.
Kukula bwino ndi fruiting, mitengo ya apulo imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza, yomwe ili ndi maluwa okwanira okwanira kubzala. phosphorus ndi nayitrogeni.
Zingakhale monga zovuta mchere feteleza, ndi organic - imodzi ndi yangwiro zitosi za mbalame. Ntchito ya feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- pambuyo maluwa,
- kumayambiriro kwa kucha kwa zipatso,
- mu August-September (kuti zithandize mizu).
Kuchuluka kwa umuna kumadalira kubereka ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka.
Ngati dzikolo ndi lowala, losavomerezeka ndi losauka, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti manyowa azimera chaka chilichonse, mu gawo lamadzi wambiri komanso lamadzi, iwo amamva bwino, kulandira zovala zapamwamba patatha zaka zitatu.
Ndi zakudya zokwanira, chinyezi ndi kuwala, mitengo ya apulo idzayamba kubala zipatso zambiri nthawi zonse.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Antey ali nawo kukana tizilombo tochepa. Tizilombo zotsatirazi zimamuopseza kuti:
- aphid;
- masamba a masamba;
- chimbudzi;
- pulogalamu;
- kudya;
- mining mole;
- chotsitsa;
- chipatso chosapsa;
- hawthorn;
- Kuthamanga njenjete.
Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kutayika kwa mbeu ndi thanzi labwino, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta zowononga tizilombo madzulo onse, monga Nerthus ndi DuPont, kuika misampha ndi tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa tizilombo towononga tizilombo pamtengo.
Kuchokera ku mankhwala amtundu akugwiritsidwa ntchito mafuta a lube ndi njira yochuluka ya fodya.
Komanso Antey amatha kugonjetsa nkhanambo.
Matendawa amawononga zipatso ndipo amawononga masamba. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamenepo, Kodi chili bwanji chilimwe chakuda ndi chimfine, komabe ngakhale okhala m'madera akum'mwera sali inshuwalansi motsutsana ndi maonekedwe a nkhanambo m'munda wawo.
Zokha chithandizo cha panthawi yake ndi fungicides ndikusunga zomera zathanziMkhalidwe wamphamvu ukhoza kumuthandiza wolima munda wa vuto ili.
Antey ndi zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhala zosamalidwa bwino, zimapereka zokolola zochuluka zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zosakaniza ndi njira iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito maapulo okoma.
Kusunga kwawo khalidwe, komanso nyengo yozizira yolimba yozizira komanso nthawi zonse fruiting popanda kutchulidwa nthawiyo imapanga imodzi mwa mitundu yoyenerera.
Pakati pa odzichepetsa mitundu ayenera kulabadira atsopano, Oryol Sinap, Scarlet Early, Bryansk Golden ndi Moscow Late.
Penyani kanema ndi malangizo ochokera ku Oktyabrina Ganichkina momwe mungapulumutsire apulo mbewu kuchokera ku butterfly moths.
