Kubzala mbande zowonjezera kutsegula pansi nthawi zonse ndizosangalatsa. Chomera chomwe chakula bwino ndikukonzekera mu bokosila mkati tsopano chiyenera kukumana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, kuthekera kwa matenda ndi zirombo. Ngakhale kwa mbande zouma, kuika pamalo otseguka ndizovuta kwambiri, choncho, kuti muchepetse, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ophweka.
Pamene chodzala mbande za tomato
Mbatata mbande anabzala yotseguka pansi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa MayGawo lotsatirali ndikuwongolera zopanda pansi pa chivundikiro cha filimu (May 15-25). Mukhoza kuchotsa filimuyi mutatha kukhazikitsa nyengo yabwino komanso kutentha kwa mpweya. Kwa mitundu yosiyana ya tomato, masikuwo amasiyana pang'ono, koma osapitirira masiku 14.
Onetsetsani mndandanda wa mitundu ya tomato yolima kumunda: "Mtima wa Bull", "Honey uchi", "Budenovka", "Yamal", "Tretyakovsky", "Shuttle", "Black Prince", "Dubrava", "Batyana", "Liana", "Pertsevidny", "Kate", "Newbie", "Gina".
Maonekedwe a mbande
Musanabzala tomato mutseguka pansi, mbande ziyenera kupeza mphamvu zokwanira ndikuyendetsa nyengo yomwe nyengo ikukula. About kukonzekera mbande akhoza kuweruzidwa ndi kutalika kwa tsinde ndi chiwerengero cha masamba awa. Panthawi ya kusamutsidwa kutsegula tsinde ayenera kukhala 25-30 masentimita m'litali ndipo mukhale ndi masamba 6-7 enieni, komanso burashi imodzi ya maluwa, koma burashi ya maluwa sizimawonekera nthawi zonse.
Malingana ndi nyengo
Mbewu zotetezeka zingabzalidwe patsiku lachisanu cha May, koma zosankha zoterezi ndi zofunika, chifukwa cha nyengo yomwe ikukula. Ngati m'madera omwewo muli chizoloŵezi cha chisanu pakati kapena kuyamba kwa May, ndiye bwino kuyembekezera mpaka makumi awiri kapena ngakhale makumi atatu.
Kalendala yamalawi
Kuzungulira kwa mwezi kumatenga masiku 29.5, motero kusagwirizana kwa kalendala yomwe imavomerezedwa bwino komanso malingaliro okhudza kuika. Zonsezi zimachokera pa mawu omwe miyezi yosiyanasiyana ya mwezi ili ndi zosiyana pa chilengedwe komanso pa kukula kwa zomera. Zimakhulupirira kuti pa mwezi watsopano, mwezi wokha, mwezi woyamba ndi womaliza wa mwezi, dzuwa ndi mwezi zimagwirizanirana mwachindunji, zomwe zimawonetseratu zoipa pazochitika zonse zomwe zinayambika panthawiyi.
Gawo lakula (laling'ono) Mwezi limaonedwa kuti ndilo nthawi yabwino yobzala ndi ntchito zina zonse. Mwezi wachinyamata - gawo lotsatira mwezi watsopano, amatenga masiku khumi ndi awiri pamwezi, kusinthasintha ndi kusokoneza mbali zina. Mwachitsanzo Kalendala ya mwezi wa May 2017 ikuwoneka ngati izi:
- 1-4.05.17 - mwezi ukukula;
- May 6-11, 17 - Mwezi ukukula;
- 13-19.05.17 - kutha kwa mwezi;
- May 21-27: 17 - mwezi wotsalira;
- 29-31.05.17 - Mwezi wokukula (watsopano, wachinyamata).
Izi ndizo, ngati mutasankha kubzala munda wanu, motsogoleredwa ndi kalendala ya mwezi, muyenera kuganizira zinthu ziwiri: gawo la mwezi komanso zizindikiro za zodiac. Zizindikiro zachonde ndi Libra, Taurus, Capricorn, Pisces, Cancer ndi Scorpio, ndipo Aries, Virgo, Gemini ndi Leo ndi osabereka.
Mukudziwa? Chiwerengero chachikulu cha tomato chafalikira ku China - pafupifupi 16 peresenti ya mbewu za padziko lapansi.
Kubzala mbande
Mukamadzala tomato pamalo otseguka, onetsetsani kuti mbeu zimaphunzitsidwa bwino. Masabata 2-3 musanayambe kutsika, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi akubwera ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kutentha. Poyamba, kutentha kumachepetsa ndi madigiri 3-5 ndipo kumapangitsa mpweya kufalitsidwa m'chipinda. Masiku asanu ndi awiri (5-7) musanadzalemo, kutsirira kwaimitsidwa palimodzi.
Kuchepetsa kuthirira kumawathandiza kuti muzitsatira kukula kwa mbande, zomwe, ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, zimatha kufika mamita msinkhu musanadzalemo. Kuwonjezera apo, kusowa kwa chinyezi kumapangitsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwake kuwonjezereke komanso kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa nyengo yokula, pamene potsirizira pake mbewuyo imalandira. Koma samalani: masamba otsekedwa kapena zimayambira zomwe zinawonongeka turgor zimasonyeza kuti mbande zimadwala chifukwa cha chinyezi chachikulu ndipo zimasowa "madzi osamwa".
Ndikofunikira! Tomato amadziwika bwino bwino feteleza, koma chifukwa chaichi, palibe chomwe chingagwiritsire ntchito manyowa atsopano, ngati nayitrogeni yochulukirapo akhoza kuwononga zomera ndikupangitsa kukhala osakhazikika ku matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mavuto a nyengo
Mwamtheradi, ngati mvula isanafike tsiku lothawira ndi nthaka zinkanyowa mokwanira, koma sitinathe kulenga nyengo yabwino, tingayambe kuyambira masiku a kalendala. Kuyambira kubzala tomato kutseguka pansi ayenera kukhala pafupi 17:00, pamene ntchito ya dzuwa inayamba kuchepa. Tomato amafunika nthawi yokhala ndi rooting komanso maola 24 dzuwa lisanadze.
Ngati mbande zidabzalidwa m'mawa, mbande zikhoza kufota, pamene mizu imawonongeka panthawi yopatsa mbeu siidzakhalanso ndi nthawi yobwezeretsa ndipo sidzapeza chinyezi m'nthaka kwa nthawi ndithu. Kulankhula za kutentha kwa dothi, ziyenera kutentha mokwanira. Kuti muchite izi, kutentha kwa mpweya kumafunika kukhala pamwamba pa 17 ° kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Malo oti afike
Tomato ali kwambiri zomera zokonda kutenthaChoncho, posankha malo ogwira ntchito, njira zoyenera kutengera dzuwa ziyenera kukhala chimodzi mwazitsogozo. Nthaka imene tomato ikulera iyenera kukhala yotsuka ndi yachonde.
Njira yoyenera idzakhala yakuda, koma zokolola zabwino zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku dothi la peaty. Dothi ndi loamy dothi sizolondola konse, dothi la mchenga limapitirira bwino, koma limafuna feteleza wapatsa pachaka.
Makhalidwe apamwamba ndi ofunika kwambiri. Chomera choyambirira cha tomato - nkhaka, turnips, anyezi, kaloti, beets, kolifulawa ndipo, ndithudi, manyowa wobiriwira. Oyambitsa zoipa ndi ena osasamala, monga mbatata.
Kulima kwa chaka chimodzi kumbali imodzi ya mbewu zofanana kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa matenda ndi mavitamini omwe amatha kupitilira mu nthaka monga a spores kapena mphutsi. M'tsogolomu, vutoli lingayambitse mavuto akuluakulu, komanso kuti awonongeke.
Kulowera
Monga muzinthu zina zambiri zobzala ndi kusamalira mbewu, kubzala kwa tomato ndi njira yoganizira, yomwe mulibe magawo osasintha kapena osasintha. Kutalikirana pakati pa mizere, tchire ndi dzenje lakuya zimadalira kukula dera, mitundu ya tomato ndi kukula kwa mbande pa nthawi yobzala. M'madera okhala ndi chinyezi chakuya, mtunda wa pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa wouma.
Mukudziwa? Tomato a pinki ndi ofanana ndi chokoleti m'magulu awo amachititsa mantha, chifukwa ali ndi serotonin yambiri.
Malo ambiri amathandiza kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wabwino komanso dzuwa likhale bwino. Kupeza bwino mpweya ndi kutentha ndibwino kwambiri kupewa matenda a fungal monga powdery mildew kapena mizu yovunda. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'nkhalango ya steppe.
M'madera ouma, tsidya lina, tchire timakhala pafupi kwambiri wina ndi mzake mwatcheru kuti tipewe dothi kuuma ndi kusunga chinyezi. Chiwembucho ndi choyenera ku madera a steppe ndi nkhalango. Zotsatira zake zimadalira kukula kwa mbande. Ndizomveka kuti chomeracho chachikulu, malo ambiri omwe amafunikira.
Nazi zina kuchuluka kwake kwa tomato wamtali, wamkati ndi wochepa kukula:
- Mitundu yaitali. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kumakhala masentimita 150. Kumabzala patalika 80-100 / 50-60 cm, kumene 80-100 ndi mtunda pakati pa mizere, ndipo 50-60 ndi mtunda pakati pa tchire.
- Mitundu ya Sredneroslye. Kutalika kwa chitsamba ndizosachepera 150 cm (100 masentimita). Anabzala pamtunda wa masentimita 70-80 / 45-50.
- Mitengo yochepa. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kumakhala kuchokera 30 mpaka 100 masentimita. Amabzalidwa pamtunda wa 60-70 masentimita - pakati pa mizere, 20-40 cm - pakati pa tchire.
- Mitundu yachitsamba. Tomato ochepa kwambiri, kutalika kwa chitsamba sichidutsa 30-40 masentimita. Iwo amafesedwa pang'onopang'ono. Pankhani ya chingwe chabwino, tchire 2 timayikidwa mu dzenje limodzi pamtunda wa masentimita 10. Zimasungidwa 50 cm pakati pa mizera, ndi masentimita 30 pakati pa mabowo.
Pamene mukukula tomato, muyenera kuwadyetsa, kuwathirira madzi, kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kuchotsa namsongole pakapita nthawi. Ndipo mumatha kusungunula chinyezi ndi kuteteza namsongole kuti akule.
Technology
Kugwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zobzala tomato pamalo otseguka kudzafuna khama lalikulu kuchokera kwa mlimi. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri ndi zigawo zambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi zipangizo zapadera, koma njira zomwe zimapangidwa zimapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Sayansi yamakono ya tomato ikuphatikizapo zinthu izi:
- Kukonzekera kwa dothi. Kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa zatsalira za mtsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbeu ya udzu ikule. Ndipo potsiriza, kulima kwakukulu (masabata 2-3 pambuyo poyang'ana).
- Feteleza. Manyowa kawiri kawiri: nthawi yoyamba pamene kulima kwakukulu, nthawi yachiwiri - mwachindunji pakuika. Manyowa operewera angakhale organic kapena mineral, ndi semi-fetereza - yokha organic. Musanalowetse mchenga mumng'oma, fetus kapena feteleza ena a tomato amaikidwa pansi pa nthawi yopuma, kenako mchenga umatsatira, kenako mbewuyo imabzalidwa m'menje.
- Kubzala mbande. Popanda makina opangira, mbande zimabzalidwa m'mabowo. Kuzama kwa mabowo kumadalira kukula kwa chitsamba, kuwonjezera apo, muyenera kulingalira kuti feteleza omwe mudzataya m'mabowo adzatenga malo ambiri. Pokhapokha mvula isanafike tsiku lililonse, chomera chilichonse chimafuna madzi okwanira panthawi yobzala. Ndondomeko yokha ikuwoneka ngati iyi: sapling ayenera kutsetsereka mu dzenje, kuigwira pamwamba. Kenaka, popanda kumasula chomeracho, yambani kuthira madzi mu dzenje ndipo pang'onopang'ono mukanikize ndi dothi lapansi. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kwambiri njira yobwezeretsa miyendo.
- Kutuluka Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi bwino kupanga nyemba yoyamba ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumasule pansi. Tizilombo totsatira izi ziyenera kuchitika ngati n'kofunika. Kuthirira kumaperekanso ngati n'kofunika, nthawi yokha yomwe tomato amafunika chinyezi chochuluka ndi ovary ndi chipatso cha kucha.
- Kuyeretsa Popeza zipatso pafupifupi khumi zimangirizidwa pa chitsamba panthawi zosiyanasiyana, ziyeneranso kusonkhanitsidwa pamasiku angapo (3-5).
Malingaliro osavuta adzakuthandizani kuti mutenge zokolola zambiri, kusangalala nokha ndi kukondweretsa anzanu ndi okondedwa anu. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso cha mfundo zikuluzikulu zingapo, mudzapambana muzochita zanu. Bwino!
