Chiyambi chenicheni cha dzina melissa osamveketsedwa chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa omasulira ake. Koma zimadziwika kuti chomera cha herbaceous cha Yasnotkovye cha banja, chotchedwa melissa, chikufalikira ngati mankhwala osakaniza, omwe amatchedwanso kofukiza, mandimu, mandimu ndi njuchi. Udzu wosadziwikawu umalimidwa ndi wamaluwa, wamaluwa komanso okonza mapulani kwa mafakitale, makamaka makamaka chuma cha biologically yogwira zinthu muli ndi mandimu mandimu.
Mukudziwa? Malinga ndi buku lina, dzina la Melissa linakhazikitsidwa kuchokera kuwonjezera pa mawu achigriki otanthauza uchi ndi masamba. Chachiwiri, m'malo mwa nymph Melissa, amene amati ankachitira Zeus uchi ndi mkaka. Malingana ndi lachitatu - Melissa amatchedwa kukongola, anasanduka njuchi mwa chifuniro cha milungu ya Olimpiki.
Melissa: Kutanthauzira Zomera
Kutalika kwa osatha kumatha kufika mamita limodzi ndi theka. Maziko ake ndi ofunda kwambiri rhizome. Masamba a petiole a mawonekedwe ovuta, ofanana ndi mtima ndi dzira ndipo ali ndi mano akulu, ali pa tsinde la nthambi, ngati kuti wadulidwa kuchokera kumbali zinayi.
Zojambula zofupika zimakhala ndi maluwa a maluwa aang'ono, omwe angakhale ndi pinki kapena zofiirira. Maluwawo ali ndi stamens zinayi, zam'mwamba anayi ovary pistil pambali yayitali. Kuphulika kwa mankhwala a mandimu kunadziwika kuti ndi July ndi August wa chaka chachiwiri cha kukula.
Mulikulu, ndi chidima chakuda, chiberekero cha zipatso zinayi, kufika kukhwima mu August-September, ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati dzira. Asanayambe maluwa udzu umatulutsa ndimu. Pamene maluwa amatha, fungo lokhazikika limakhala losasangalatsa.
Momwe mungasankhire malo ndi kukonzekera dothi lokula mandimu
Kuti Melissa akule bwino, uyenera kupanga zofunikira zinazake kwa iye.
Kuunikira kwa kukula kwachangu
Ndibwino kuti muyambe kuthira mandimu pamalo pomwe pali kuwala kwa dzuwa, komwe kuli kofunika kwambiri kuti muyambe kumera pang'ono. Mphepo zimatha kuwononga zitsamba za mandimu, kotero kulima kwawo kumayambira ndi kubzala nthawi yotentha. M'tsogolo, chomeracho chimasonyeza kusamvana bwino kwa kuzizira, ngakhale malo omwe melissa amakula ndibwino kuti asankhe kumbali yakum'mwera, otetezedwa ku mafunde akuchokera kumpoto.
Ndikofunikira! Kumalo otentha kwambiri a melissa fungo labwino ndi lolemera.
Kukonzekera dothi lodzala mandimu
Dothi lodzala liyenera kukhala lachonde komanso lopanda udzu. Melissa amasankha dothi loamy, monga kukhala ndi madzi okwera ndi mpweya wokwanira, omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale chomera chokwanira. Mchenga wamtunduwu ndi wotheka. Amafunikira miyala yabwino ya miyala kapena yosinja, yomwe imateteza mizu kuti ikhale yovunda.
Ngati malo onsewa ali pamtunda, ndiye kuti pamalo odzala mandimu ayenera kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga wa mtsinje. Zomwe nthaka imachita kuti acidity ikhale yodetsedwa kapena yosalowerera. Woyamba kukumba ndi weeding ndi weeding akhoza kuchitika mu kugwa, ndipo m'chaka, kumasula ndi kuyeretsa dziko lotenthetsedwa kachiwiri.
Njira zofalitsa za mandimu, momwe mungabwerere mankhwala chomera
Kuti mumvetse bwino momwe mankhwala a mandimu amathandizira kwambiri, muyenera choyamba kuphunzira mosamalitsa ndikusankha mbewu yobzala, mbande ya mandimu, zidutswa kapena zidutswa zachitsamba.
Kufesa mbewu
Mbewu chikwi amalemera pafupifupi 0,62 g. Kumera kwawo kumapitirira zaka 2-3. Malingana ndi zochitika zenizeni, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti mbewu za chomera zimakula ndikhazikika. Pamene kuli kofesa kubzala mandimu, zimadalira chodzala chosankhidwa ku nthaka yotseguka.
Akufika poyera
Mbewu yofulumira kumera idzachitika pamene kufesa mandimu kumalo otseguka kumayamba kumapeto kwa May. Ndipo pafupi kwambiri momwe mungathere pamwamba, ndiko kuti, bzalani mbewu ya mandimu a mandimu ku kuya kwapakati pa 1-1.5 masentimita. Pa kanjirayo, mphindi imodzi mpaka theka la mita ndi yokwanira. Pakati pa tchire, chifukwa zimakula bwino, ndibwino kuti asiye masentimita 40.
Alimi omwe samangoganizira za zokolola zokha, komanso za aesthetics pa mabedi, amalimbikitsa kukula maulendo onse kufika pafupifupi 0,6 mamita. Mphukira zoyamba zimawoneka patapita masabata 3-4, motero funso: "Bwanji mafuta a mandimu sakakula?" - nthawi siinafike.
Kubzala ndimu mandimu mbande
Kulemera kokolola kwa zonunkhira mandimu kungapangidwe osati kungokulitsa kuchokera ku mbewu, koma atalandira mbande kuchokera kwa iwo. Kubzala pa mbande ziyenera kuchitidwa kumapeto kwa March ndi April, ndipo mu May, zotsatira zake za masiku 40 ndi masamba anai pa nyemba iliyonse zimabzalidwa m'nthaka.
Mabokosi omwe ali ndi nyemba zofesedwa, zophimbidwa ndi galasi, amakhala mu chipinda chofunda, kuwala komwe kumawonjezeka kufika pamtunda pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira. Mbande zikuluzikulu mpaka 3-5 masentimita zimafuna kupatulira mpaka masentimenti asanu ndi atatu ndipo zimabzala m'magawo ochepa.
Kukula mafuta a mandimu mwa kugawa chitsamba
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May kuti ziphuke zimveke kuti mukhoza kuyamba kugawa tchire. Enanso, nthawi yabwino - mapeto a August. Chitsamba chofukula chimadulidwa mu zigawo zofanana. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono mphukira 4-5 ndi mizu ikhalebe pa aliyense wa iwo. Mbali zopatulidwa zimayamba bwino ndikuyamba pachimake bwino. Kulekezera kwa njira iyi yoberetsera mandimu ndi zaka zake - ziyenera kukhala osachepera zaka 3-4.
Momwe mungadulire mankhwala a mandimu
Cuttings chifukwa chodzala ndimu mandimu amapangidwa kuchokera ku apical mbali ya mphukira zake, zomwe, zitatha kudula, zimayikidwa m'madzi. Pambuyo poonekera mizu (izi zimachitika patangotha masabata awiri), ndi cuttings mwakula mu feteleza lotayirira nthaka.
Malamulo a chisamaliro cha melissa m'munda
Palibe chovuta, chodzala ndimu mandimu, ndi kudzichepetsa mulimonsemo, choncho kusamalira sikumapereka zenizeni. Koma m'chaka choyamba, pamene nthambi zowonjezereka za nthambi zam'chigwazi sizinawapatse chakudya ndi chinyezi, zomera zimasowa chidwi. Choyamba, nkofunika kumasula nthaka nthawi zonse ndi kuchotsa namsongole.
Kumalo amodzi melissa akhoza kukhalapo mpaka zaka 10. Koma m'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, nyengo yozizira-mikhalidwe yolimba ikukulirakulira, chotero mu chisanu cha nyengo pambuyo pa nyengoyi ndi bwino kupanga magawano ndi mipando.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu, kuchepetsa nyengo yozizira yolimba ya mbewu.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa zomera
Madzi angapo amafunika mu nthawi yoyamba ya kukula. Onetsetsani kuti muzimwa ndi chilala chachikulu. Kuthirira kumayenera kumathandizidwa ndi kumasula nthaka. Mtengo wotetezera wa mulch womwe uli pamwamba udzathandiza nthaka kuti ikhale yonyowa kwambiri, komanso imateteza ngati udzu. Dyetsani mankhwala a mandimu mukatha kudula masamba.
Amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamadzimadzi (10 malita a madzi - 20 g ya ammonium nitrate, 50 g wa superphosphate ndi 15 g wa piritsium kloride) ndi kuphatikizana ndi zinthu zakuthupi - chimbudzi chachikulu kapena manyowa. Asanayambe maluwa, feteleza sizimachitidwe, chifukwa imalepheretsa kuchapa nthawi yake.
Kusinthanitsa mandimu mankhwala
Kuphimba mbande za melissa wamkulu pa mbande, amapangidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 10-15. Zotsatira za njirayi ndizitsamba zozungulira ndi nthambi zambiri.
Kukonza mafuta a mandimu
Kawiri kapena katatu pa nyengo, mphukira ya melissa imadulidwa kwambiri pa masentimita 10 kuchokera pansi. Opaleshoni yotereyi, kuphatikizapo kupuma mofulumira kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti apange mawonekedwe atsopano a tchire ndi tchire zokongola kwambiri, zokongola kwambiri kuti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zojambula.
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonzekera kwa mandimu mankhwala
Zokolola 3-4 pa chaka ndizozoloŵera kaimu mandimu. Mu funso la kukula mandimu mandimu monga pachaka kapena osatha chomera, wamaluwa amatsogoleredwa ndi malowa. Popeza kuti phindu lake ndilofunika kwambiri mu mafuta oyenera, ndi bwino kuyeretsa madzulo pamene masana a mafuta sali ochepa.
Kuyamba kwa maluwa kumakhala ngati mbendera yosonkhanitsa masamba a mankhwala ndi nsonga za mphukira, zomwe m'mayiko osachepera khumi ndi awiri amadziwika ngati mankhwala opangira. Kukolola kwa zipangizo kumayamba ndi kuyanika mlengalenga, kutenthedwa osati kupitirira madigiri 40. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito malo obisika m'malo osatsegula kapena ozizira ozizira. Kusungidwa komweku kumatanthawuza mpweya wabwino wa nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Zokolola zogwiritsidwa bwino zimakhala bwino m'mabanki.
Mukudziwa? Melissa ndi chilengedwe chonse cha mankhwala a neuralgia, mutu, hysteria, hypochondria, kusowa tulo, kuchepa kwa magazi, matenda a atherosclerosis, cholecystitis, ndi matenda ena ambiri.
Maloto a zokoma kwambiri anafika ku Melissa, potsiriza akuphatikiza fungo la citrus ndi zokoma kwambiri zachitsulo ndi mfundo zosasamala za uchi. Osaganizira za machiritso a njuchi zambewu, amapereka kupereka mothandizidwa ndi zitsamba zokhala ndi zokometsera zokometsera zokongola kuti zikhale ndi makhalidwe abwino omwe amapezeka pamasamba awo.
