Almond - kum'mwera okongola ndi zokongola zobiriwira komanso zipatso zamtengo wapatali. Mitengo ya amondi imapangidwa monse mwa mawonekedwe a zitsamba zamitengo ndi mitengo. Mitengo ya amondi kuyambira nthawi zakale inakula ndi anthu, ndipo kutchulidwa koyamba kwa amondi kunapezeka m'malemba a Asuri akale ndi Baibulo.
Komabe, chakudya sichinagwiritsidwe ntchito zipatso za amondi okha, koma mafupa okhawo. Iwo ali ndi phokoso lokoma ndipo amatchedwa "mtengo wa amondi", zomwe siziri zolondola kwenikweni.
Zakudya zabwino ndi zokoma za amondi zimayamikira kwambiri kuphika. Mu cosmetology amagwiritsira ntchito mkaka wa amondi, womwe umachepetsa ndi kubwezeretsanso katundu.
Kutchire, amondi amakula kokha kumwera kwa nyengo, ngakhale amaluwa aluso ndi olimba mtima amatha kulima chomera m'madera ozizira kumpoto. Powasamalira bwino, pogona pa nthawi yozizira ndi kuteteza matenda ndi tizilombo towononga, amondi amakongoletsa munda wanu ndi maluwa ndi zipatso zabwino za zipatso za amondi chaka chilichonse.
Ndikofunikira! Amondi amatsuka magazi ndipo amachepetsa shuga m'thupi.
Matenda a amondi ndi momwe angachitire ndi iwo
Matenda a amondi amapezeka pamtengowo, ngati mlimiyo amanyalanyaza njira zothandizira panthawi yake, komanso amalephera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zolima ndi kusamalira. Maamondi amatha kudwala matenda a fungus, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha nkhanambo, cricosporosis, dzimbiri, moniliasis, imvi yovunda ndi mitsempha.
Cercosporosis
Matenda a fungal chikhalidwe, omwe amadziwonetsera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda - masamba okhudzidwa, ndi mawanga ofiira ozungulira ndi imvi patina pamwamba. Nthenda ikayamba, masamba amasanduka bulauni, nsalu yawo imalira ndipo imagwa. Kukula masamba atsopano kumachepetsetsa mapangidwe ndi kucha zipatso ndipo kumawononga khalidwe lawo.
Choncho, pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zimapezeka, kupopera mankhwala a amondi. Zotsatira zabwino zakhala zikuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwalawa ndi Topsin-M fungicide.
Scab
Mitengo ikakhala ndi nthendayi, zipatso zimakhala zosafunika kudya, ndipo kukula kwa mphukira kumachepetsanso. Otsatira a matendawa - spores omwe overwinter mu chomera zinyalala.
Kulimbana bwino Ndili ndi matendawa, muyenera kusankha mitundu ya amondi ndi kukana nkhanambo. Yoyenera processing munda Bordeaux madzi. Maamondi amasinthidwa kumapeto kwa autumn ndi masika, pambuyo maluwa.
Komanso, kuyeretsa mosamala munda wamtunduwu kuchokera ku khola, kugwedeza nthambi za matenda pa zomera, ndi kutentha kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi zipatso. Zonsezi mosakayikira zidzathandiza pakuchiza matenda.
Kutupa
Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ndizochepa zofiira pa masamba. Patapita kanthawi iwo amakula kukula ndikuphatikizana. Pansi pa masamba amapanga mabala a bulauni, kenako amagwa. Ayenera kuchotsedwa m'munda ndi kutenthedwa.
Ngati izi sizinachititsidwe, tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tidzakhala m'nthaka ndipo mbeu idzakhalanso yovuta kachiwiri. Kumapeto kwa autumn, nthaka pansi pa amondi imayenera kukumbidwa, ndipo zomera zokha zimayenera kuchitidwa ndi madzi amadzimadzi a sulfure akuyimitsidwa.
Monilioz
Moniliasis ndi matenda a fungal amene amapezeka pa amondi. Iwo akhoza kutetezedwa ndi prophylactic yophukira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza. Monilias overwinter mu zipatso zouma, zowonongeka ndi nthambi za matenda.
Spores ya bowa amafalikira kumapeto kwa pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono kudwala lonse munda (iwo amanyamula ndi tizilombo ndi mphepo). Mu mvula yachilimwe, kufalikira kwa matendawa kumakhala kofulumira kwambiri ndipo kungawononge mbewu zonse. Malo amdima amapezeka pa amondi opsa kale, omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono pa chipatsocho ndipo amondi amayamba kuvunda pomwepo pa nthambi.
Klesterosporiosis
Dzina lachiwiri la matendawa ndi "perforated spotting." Ndizosiyana ndi mitengo ya miyala ndi zitsamba, ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mitsempha ya almond nsalu zofiira, zofiira ndi zofiira pamasamba a zomera.
Nthawi zina amaoneka pa chipatso, pang'onopang'ono amakhala aakulu (mdima wonyezimira umawoneka pamphepete, ndipo pakati pa malowo amawala ndipo amauma). Posakhalitsa, chingamu chimayamba kuonekera kuchokera ku makungwa a zomera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi cholesteroplasty.
Mvula yotentha yotentha imapangitsa kuti matendawa apitirire. Kulemba njira zothandizira Kuphika kasupe ka amondi ndi fungicides "Kola", "Skor" kapena "Vectra" ikuphatikizidwa motsutsana ndi klyasterosporioz. Kupopera mbewu koyamba kumachitika pamaso pa maluwa a amondi, yachiwiri - mwamsanga pambuyo pake. Ndipo chithandizo chachitatu chikuchitika masiku 14 pambuyo pachiwiri.
Grey kuvunda
Botrytis kapena kuvila imvi amapezeka pamdima amdima omwe amakhala pamapazi ndi masamba. M'nyengo yamvula yamphepete mwazi zimapangidwa pazigawozi - zinyama zafungasi zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi mphepo.
Malo abwino oti matendawa apangidwe ndi mitengo yowonjezereka, kudulira mosakayika komanso kuchuluka kwa mlingo wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Polimbana ndi nkhungu yakuda Poyamba ndi yozizira ndi kasupe kudulira mitengo.
Kudulira maluwa kwa matalala ozizira kumachitika nthawi yomweyo, pambuyo pa mtundu wa zomera kuchokera ku zomera, koma asanayambe mapepala ndi spores wa imvi zowola pa nthambi. Munda umapulitsidwa ndi fungicides. Mankhwalawa ndi oyenerera kuchiza matendawa: "Topaz", "Kuprosat", "Oxy".
Pa zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa, nthambi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi bowa zimadulidwa ndipo munda umachitidwa chimodzi mwazimenezi. Kuwonjezera apo, kuyera (kuyala) kwa tsinde ndi nthambi za zomera zodwala zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi njira iyi: 50 g ya fungicide iliyonse ndi paketi ya wallpaper gulu la CMC amawonjezeredwa ku malita 10 a madzi.
Tizilombo toononga komanso momwe tingawalamulire
Mbewu ya Amondi Imadya
Tizilombo ta amondi takhala tikukonzekera nyengo yozizira pa zipatso zomwe sizinagwe pansi pa mtengo. Kawirikawiri, zipatsozi zimawonongeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndibwino kugwedeza kapena kugogoda mtedza ku nthambi ndikuwotcha. Pakatikati mwa mwezi wa October, mitengo ya amondi imapulumulidwa ndi mankhwala apadera.
Kukumba nthaka pafupi ndi thunthu pansi pa nyengo yozizira komanso kutentha kwa masamba ndi kugwa kwagwa, kumapangitsa kuti chiwonongeko cha tizilombo timene timakhala tikutha. M'chaka, nthawi yomweyo itatha kukhetsa mtundu, nthambi zimakonzedwa ndi Bordeaux kusakaniza (1% yankho limatengedwa).
Ndikofunikira! Malo okondwerera nyengo yozizira kwa almond semenaidae ndi mabwalo a mitengo ya amondi.
Mphepete mwazitsulo
Nkhumba ya njenjete imathamangira masamba, kuwapititsa patsogolo kukhala makapu ndikuyika mazira mwa iwo. Pamene nkhuku zoterezi zimadziwika, zimayenera kutsekedwa ndi kutenthedwa, motero zimawononga kabati.
Kulimbana bwino pogwiritsa ntchito tsambali, muyenera kuyembekezera kuti mbozi ziyamba kuonekera kuchokera ku ma cocoons ndipo zikhoza kupopedwa ndi tizilombo tofunikira Actellic kapena Calypso, kapena akhoza kuchiritsidwa mofanana. Mbozi imayipiranso pochita ndi 0.3% ya chlorophos.
Mu kasupe, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pamwamba +5 ºC, mankhwala oyenera oteteza mitengo ndi Bordeaux osakaniza akuchitika.
Aphid
Amaluwa ambiri omwe amamenyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amamondi samayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Nkhumba siziyenera kukhala ndi njira zotsalira za mankhwala, choncho, njira zazikulu zothana ndi chilengedwe choyera:
- Pepper tincture: magawo 20 a tsabola wowuma otentha, kutsanulira lita imodzi ya madzi ndi kuwira pa moto waung'ono kwa ola limodzi. Msuziwu umathiridwa mu 10 malita a madzi, oyambitsa ndi 300 g wa imvi zovala zowonjezera zinawonjezedwa. Chithandizochi chimaphatikizidwa kwa tsiku, mpaka kupuma kwathunthu ndi kusungunuka kwa sopo m'madzi. Mbewu zimayambika m'mawa, zitatha kuyanika pa masamba a amondi a mame a mmawa.
- Kusakaniza fodya: galasi la masamba osokoneza fodya limaphatikizidwa ku chidebe cha madzi, kenako amasakanikirana ndi kubweretsera kuwira (wiritsani mphindi 15-20). Imaniza decoction kwa maola 24. Pambuyo pake, onjezerani 50 g sopo kwa (bwino kumatira), zomwe ziyenera kusungunuka bwino ndikuonjezeranso zidebe ziwiri zamadzi. Pambuyo kusanganikirana bwino, zidzakhala zokonzeka kupopedwa ndi tizirombo.
- Kuchotsa anyezi: 0,5 makilogalamu a anyezi amatengedwa ndi kusungidwa pamodzi ndi mankhusu. Kenaka, imathiridwa ndi chidebe cha madzi ndikuumirira tsiku lonse. Pewani kulowetsedwa kotsirizidwa kupyolera m'mphepete mwachindunji kapena kupyapyala - kulowetsedwa kwakonzeka.
Mukudziwa? Pali maphikidwe ambiri odziwika kuti awonongeke kapena awononge tizirombo kuchokera m'munda. Koma chinthu chachikulu sikuti chivulaze kwambiri, chimawopsa: musatenthe masamba ofunda ndipo musawononge ogwira ntchito zothandiza m'munda komanso tizirombo.
Kangaude mite
M'nyengo yozizira ma almond amakhudzidwa ndi nthata za kangaude. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timadziwika mofulumira. Nkhono za akangaude zimakhala pamtunda wochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimayamwa madzi kuchokera ku masamba aang'ono.
Chomera chofooka ndi kangaude kamangoyamba kudwala, pokhapokha nkhuku yokha ndiyo yodwala matendawa. Nkhumba zowonongeka zimawonongedwa mothandizidwa ndi acaricides, monga Kleschevit, Fitoverm, ndi ena.
Mukudziwa? Mukhoza kuyendetsa bwino zomera kuchokera ku kangaude ndi mankhwala ochizira: Mwachitsanzo, theka la chidebe cha anyezi limatsanulira kumapeto kwa chidebe ndi madzi otentha (osati pamwamba +65 ° C), ndipo amaloledwa kupereka maola 12. Kenaka, perekani kulowetsedwa ndi chidebe china cha madzi ndikupukuta kupyolera m'madzi. Pambuyo pake, kulowetsedwa kuli okonzeka, koma liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lotsatira.
Zomwe anthu ambiri amadzitetezera
- Kuti nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi njira zatsopano zothandizira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tiwerenge mabuku apadera, kulembetsa pazitukuko za olima, kugawanizana ndi anzanu.
- Kuti muteteze bwino munda, gwiritsani ntchito zokonzekera zatsopano komanso zatsopano zamakono. Komabe, n'zosatheka kusaiwala kuti pakapita nthawi, zomera zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, matendawa amatha kusintha ndipo mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi mankhwalawa amakhala opanda ntchito. Ndicho chifukwa chake muyenera kusankha okha opanga zipangizo zamakono omwe amalingalira zonsezi.
- Kukonzekera kosungirako maluwa kumtunda kuchokera ku windfall, masamba ndi nthambi. Musasiye tsamba lakugwa kuti lizitha kuzizira, chifukwa likhoza kuwononga tizilombo toopsa. Zotsalira zonse zamasamba zimayenera kuchotsedwa m'munda.
- Chotsani nthaka pansi pa mitengo nthawi zambiri, zomwe zingathandize kuti mpweya uzikhala ndi zowonjezera mizu ya mbeu.
- Khalani m'munda wodyetsa ndi malo odyera mbalame, kudyetsa mbalame m'nyengo yozizira. Adzakuthandizani miyezi yotentha kumenyana ndi udzu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zipatso za amondi ndi zothandiza, kupatula zokhala ndi zosavuta kwambiri. Ndiye bwanji osamera chomera chofunikira chotere m'munda wanu? Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kuteteza mitengo ya amondi ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Zosangalatsa zambiri kwa inu!
