Violet ndi imodzi mwa zomera zomwe zimapezeka mkati. Ndipo mmodzi wa omwe ali pachiopsezo kwambiri.
Zili pafupifupi pafupifupi matenda onse omwe amadziwika, ndipo palibe chimene anganene ponena za tizirombo! Kuchokera kwa mwiniwake wa maluwa osakhwimawa amafunika kusamala.
Lero tidzanena momwe tingachitire maluwa ovuta mkati. Mukhozanso kuyang'ana kanema pa mutuwo.
Zolakwika zosamalira
Munthu, mosadziŵa, angapangitse mnzake wobiriwira kukhala wovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina akhoza kuvulazidwa. Kotero bwanji Kusamala kolakwika!
Malo amtundu wa violets ndi East Africa ndi nyengo yozizira, yamvula.. Ndikofunika kuyesa kupanga zinthu zomwezo kwa iye kunyumba: chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwabwino kwa madigiri 18 mpaka 27, palibe zida, zofewa, zosawoneka.
Mukhoza kuwerenga za chisamaliro choyenera cha violet m'nkhaniyi.
Matenda ndi mankhwala
Bwanji osakula komanso choti achite?
Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri zomwe violet zimakana kukula. Iyi ndi mphika umene uli wochepa kwambiri, nthaka yomwe imaloleza mpweya, ndi kupanda kuwala. Wothirira maluwa akhoza kuyesa kukonza zolakwa zake mwa kuika chiweto chake mu chidebe chachikulu, kusintha nthaka ndi kugula nyali zowala.
Violets ali ndi mizu yovuta kwambiri, kuti chifukwa chowoneka chochepa kwambiri chingathe kunyalanyaza miyezi yambiri ya ntchito ya wolima. Choncho, kuziika kumafunika kokha mwa njira yosinthira, kuti asawononge mizu, ndi nthaka yochepa kwambiri ya acidic yomwe ili ndi pH ya 6-6.5. Nthaka imayang'aniridwa kwa masiku angapo: ngati pali zizindikiro kuti ndi mchere kapena mchere, violet iyenera kubzalanso.
N'chifukwa chiyani mumasiya chikasu ndi mmene mungachiritse?
Ngati masamba a pet yako ayamba kutembenuka chikasu, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa ziwiri:
- Madzi ozizira kwambiri.
- Kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Violets ayenera kumwa madzi madzulo pamene chiopsezo chotentha ndi zero.ndipo gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda okha. Kulima (makamaka miyezi ya chilimwe-chilimwe), mawindo akummawa ndi kumadzulo ali oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito shading.
Onerani kanema pazomwe zimayambitsa chikasu cha masamba mu violets:
Matenda opatsirana
Fusarium
Ichi ndi matenda opatsirana, owopsa kwambiri. Muzu, ndiye tsinde ndi tsamba lovunda limapezeka poyamba.
Amakhala madzi ndipo pang'onopang'ono amafa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa mu mizu ya nthaka, zimakhudza mitsempha ya magazi ya tsinde, petioles ndi mizu.
Zimayambitsa:
- kutsika kotsika kwambiri mu chipinda;
- kusowa kwa feteleza;
- Kufooka pambuyo pa maluwa.
Palibe mankhwala. Chomera choterechi chikuwonongedwa pamodzi ndi nthaka, ndipo mphika umatetezedwa ndi tizilombo tokhala ndi klorini.
Onani vidiyo yokhudza violet fusarium ndi chithandizo chake:
Mame a Mealy
Kawirikawiri izi zimakhala zovuta kokha chifukwa cha zomera zokhazikika.. Zonse zokhudzana ndi nthaka yomwe imayambira ndi bowa, zomwe zimapangidwira mofulumira kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha.
Mwamsanga pamene masamba oyera amaoneka pa masamba, ofanana ndi ufa, m'pofunika kuyamba kuyamba kuchiza ndi potivogribkovnymi mankhwala:
- "Topaz".
- "Saprol".
- "Byletton".
Bungwe: Mungagwiritse ntchito sulfure yamba, yomwe ili ndi violet wambiri.
Onani vidiyo yokhudza powdery mildew pa violet ndi mankhwala ake:
Kuwonongeka kochedwa
Bvuto lochedwa limakhudza masamba, omwe ali ndi bulauni, kuyanika mawanga, ndiyeno nkugwa pansikutseka thunthu. Pamene matendawa akupita, tsinde la violets limalowa mu necrosis ndipo zomera zimamwalira pakatha masabata.
Maluwawo angapulumutsidwe pokhapokha ngati ali ndi umphumphu: mwiniwake akhoza kuphuka pamwamba, atapatsidwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zilonda zabwino zamasamba zili ndi mtundu wobiriwira, odwala - bulauni. Zomera zonsezo zawonongedwa.
Pofuna kuteteza mliri pakati pa zomera zapakhomo, zonsezi ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi anti-bowa pokonzekera kupewa.
Grey kuvunda
Ma spores a botrytis bowa omwe amachititsa imvi zowola amatha kukhalabe bwino m'nthaka iliyonse.. Zomwe zimapangidwira kukula kwa bowa - kuthirira mowa kwambiri ndi chinyezi chokwanira komanso kutentha kwapakati.
Zizindikiro za matendawa:
- kupukuta masamba a masamba ndi petioles;
- Phokoso lofiira kapena la mthunzi wofiirira pa masamba ndi pamphuno;
- kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi tsinde.
Malo okhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga ndipo maluwawo amachiritsidwa ndi fungicide.
Vascular bacteriosis
Ngati mpweya uli m'chipinda chotentha ndipo mpweya uli wofooka, bacteriosis ya violet nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'ma violets.. Masamba awo amadzaza ndi ntchentche ndikufa. Kuchiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo:
- "Zircon".
- "Previkur".
- "Readzol".
- "Immunocytofit".
Kutupa
Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi calcite kuwotcha: m'magulu awiriwa, tsamba laling'ono la tsambali liri ndi mabala a bulauni, ndipo gawo lakumwamba liri ndi ma thomba a lalanje. Koma dzimbiri nthawi zambiri limakhudza zomera zachinyamata, ndipo matendawa amayamba ndi bowa. Pambuyo pothyoka, hillocks amasula spores zawo, zomwe zimaphimba mbali zamoyo za chomera ndikuziwononga. Matendawa nthawi zambiri samakhudza violets.
Mankhwalawa amapanga kupopera mbewu ndi fumbi la sulfure, gawo limodzi la magawo a Bordeaux osakaniza kapena fungicide.
Tizilombo toonongeka: kufotokozera mwachidule za maonekedwe ndi njira zochitira nawo
Pliers
Mitundu itatu yokha ya nkhupakupa ikhoza kukhala ndi violet.. Akangaude otsekemera amawathira masamba a kunja, ndipo amasiya malo ofiira atazunguliridwa ndi akangaude. Pambuyo pa zitsamba za kangaude ndi zofiira, ndipo amabala amakonda zomera zachinyamata ndi zizindikiro zawo zachikasu. Mbewu yodwala imasiya kukula ndi kuphukira, masamba ake pakatikati pa rosettes curl ndi kugwa.
Kuti chiwonongeko cha nkhupaku chipeze:
- "Actellic".
- "Akarin".
- "Fitoverm".
Penyani kanema pa za nkhuku zowonongeka:
Chikopa ndi chinyengo chonyenga
Amenewa ndi adani otsutsa a violets. Oyendayendawa akhoza kubweretsa mphepo pamwindo, kapena wolima pamaluwa atsopano. Anthu amamatira ku chomera, akuyamwa selo kuyamwa. Zotsatira zake, masamba amasanduka achikasu kapena kutembenukira bulauni kwathunthu, kenaka azipiringa ndikugwera pammera.
Tizilombo tingachotsedwe pogwiritsira ntchito mabotolo ofewa. Wothira mu njira yothetsera vapeji (kapena sopo) iliyonse, imenyani chithovu, kuphimba chomeracho ndi mphindi 25-30, ndiye tsatsani madzi otentha kwa mphindi 2-3.
Mafupa a anthuwa amapewa zotsatira za kukhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma mungagwiritse ntchito mahomoni ("Admiral") kapena mankhwala a organophosphate ("Spark", "Antiklesch", "Alatar").
Kupuma
Mofanana ndi shityovki, amadyetsa chomera chomera, koma kuchuluka mofulumira.. Zisamba zawo zimawoneka kumbuyo kwa masamba, mu ntchito yomwe ikugwiritsira ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
Zizindikiro za maonekedwe:
- mungu umatuluka kwambiri kuchokera maluwa;
- masamba amafa popanda kutseguka;
- masamba ali ndi mawanga achikasu kapena amdima, madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda, m'mphepete mwawo ndi youma;
- chomeracho chimakhala ndi maluwa omveka bwino.
Nkhuku zowoneka bwinozi zimayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala ambiri, ndipo mphutsi sizingathe kuchitapo kanthu.. Choncho, pofuna kuchiza mankhwala osankhidwa amphamvu:
- "Aktara".
- "Tanrek".
- "Inta-Vir".
- "Vertimek".
Pambuyo kupopera mbewu, mphika umadzaza ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikusiya tsiku. Musanayambe violet muyenera kusamba pansi pa madzi otentha. Pambuyo pochotsa tizirombo, ndibwino kuti tipiritsire violet mu mphika wina ndi gawo latsopano.
Yang'anani kanema pazithunzithunzi zamagulu ndi kumenyana nazo:
Miyendo
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimawoneka pawindo, ndi pafupi ndi dzenje lakuda, ndi pamwamba pa nthaka. Zambiri, zimakhala zotetezeka, koma, pochuluka, zimadya zonse zakutchire, kenako zimapita ku mphukira ndi mizu ya mbewu.
Kuwonekera kwa nsombazi ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro: izi zikutanthauza kuti mitengo ya ulimi wothirira idawonongeka.. M'mamasamba, maluwa ndi zimayambira, mabowo ang'onoang'ono amaoneka, violet amasiya kukula, mizu yake imayenda.
Kuyanika dothi lapansi kudzawononga zirombo zina, koma kuchotsa zambiri, muyenera kuthirira nthaka ndi Agravertin, Pyrethrum, kapena tizilombo tina tonse. Mwa mankhwala amtundu, powdering ndi fumbi fodya kapena phulusa kumathandiza bwino.
Monga njira yowonetsera, mukhoza kuwonjezera Askofen kapena Citramon kuti amwe madzi akudiririra. (theka la mapiritsi kwa 2-3 malita a madzi).
Penyani kanema yokhudzana ndi nsomba za violet ndikulimbana nazo:
Nematodes
Kutenga kumachitika ndi kubzala zakuthupi kapena tsamba lokhudzidwa.. Kukula kwa violet kumachepetsanso, nsongazo zimapangidwira wina ndi mzake, ana ambiri opeza samakula mu tsamba la axils. Pa mizu imaoneka yowonjezereka ndi kukula kwa warty.
Pochiza chomera chokhudzidwa ndi nyansi iyi, sikutheka.
Mphungu, yokhala ndi mphamvu yotetezera, imatha kusungidwa kwa zaka zambiri muzovuta kwambiri. Palibe poizoni omwe angalowetse chitetezo cholimba..
Yang'anani kanema za ma nematodes mu violets:
Kufiira
Kulira kumapweteka masamba a violet, kusiya mawanga ofiira ndi a bulauni pa iwo. Izi "nsabwe zazing'onoting'ono" zimakonda kukonza pa peduncles, mu sinus ndi masamba a masamba. Zakazi zimaphimbidwa ndi zoyera ndi kuwononga mizu, kukhala ndi moyo wambiri m'nthaka.
Zizindikiro za tizirombo:
- rosettes ndi mizu zowola;
- anawoneka maluwa akuuma, zatsopano siziwoneka;
- thunthu ndi zifuwa za masamba zimaphimbidwa ndi maluwa oyera;
- masamba amasanduka imvi, osaya kwambiri, achikulire amachepetsa ku mazira odzola.
Wothirira maluwa ayenera kuchotsa masamba omwe akukhudzidwa ndikusambitsa chomeracho mu njira yowonjezera sopo.. Gawo lotsatira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo:
- "Aktaru".
- "Confidor".
- "Basudin".
Penyani kanema pa mutu wofiira pa violets ndi kumenyana nawo:
Aphid
Chotsimikiziridwa ndi mankhwala osokonezeka pamasamba ndi tizilombo kumbuyo ndi petioles. Amatsukidwa ndi sopo wamphamvu kapena njira ya fodya, popanda kupondereza kwambiri nthaka, kenaka amapopedwa ndi "Fitoverm" kapena "Antitlin".
Mokritsy
Makhalidwe abwino pa maonekedwe awo - kumasula gawo lapansi ndi chinyezi.
Mphungu kapena akuluakulu akhoza kusungidwa pansi, kuchotsedwa ku greenhouses, kuchokera ku zipinda zamvula. Amawononga mizu, masamba ndi maluwa.
Zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zimaperekedwa ndi acaricides, zomwe zimayenera kupopedwa ndi chomera ndi kuthirira gawo lapansi.
Madzudzu ndi midges
Kupitirira mofulumira kwa nthaka, kutentha kwambiri kwa gawo lapansi kumayambitsa maonekedwe ndi udzudzu. Akulu samavulaza, mosiyana ndi mphutsi zomwe zimawononga gawo lapansi, zimasokoneza kayendetsedwe ka mpweya ndi madzi. Mizu ndi zimayambira zowola.
Njira zothandizira:
- nthaka imathiriridwa ndi galimoto yothetsera;
- grated pa mapira ang'onoang'ono a "Masha" amawaza momasuka pansi mu mphika;
- Delhlox gel amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mphika;
- mapepala opachikidwa pamapepala, dichlorvos, Reid aerosol;
- Zouma zouma zoumba;
- Bwezerani nthaka yowonongeka mwatsopano.
Whitefly wowonjezera kutentha
Mbalame zazikulu zoyera zoyera zimakhala kumbuyo kwa masambaPamalo omwewo, pedi yatsala - nyansi zooneka ngati pachimake chokongola. M'kupita kwa nthawi, bowa zakuda kapena sooty zikuwonekera pamtundawu, chifukwa mbali yam'mwamba ya masamba ndi yoyera yoyera ndi yakuda. Ndi chifukwa cha fungayi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti violets zisamere..
Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera mankhwala imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a acarin gulu ("Actofit", "Fitoverm") ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira: Mukadwala matenda kapena zilonda za violet, ziyenera kukhala zosiyana ndi ena.. Apo ayi, imayambitsa zomera zonse zapafupi.
Kutsiliza
Kupewa ndi kusamalira - izi ndizo zonse zomwe maluwa aliwonse a panyumba amafunikira.. Kaya ndinu wodzichepetsa kapena wosaoneka bwino. Ngakhalenso wamaluwa osadziŵa zambiri angathe kusamalira senpolia.
