Kuti mulandire makope atsopano a maluwa okongola awa, pali njira zingapo.
Kubzala kwa maluwa sikovuta kwambiri ngakhale ngakhale maluwa osadziwa zinthu angathe kuthana nawo ngati akutsatira luso lamakono.
Kodi kakombo amabereka bwanji? Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zoberekera maluwa okongola awa.
Kusankha kwa njira kumadalira pazolembedwa zomwe inu kapena abwenzi anu muli nazo. Pali njira zingapo, zonse za seminal ndi vegetative.
Kusamalira ndi kubereka
Mababu
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika maluwa.
Pambuyo pa zaka 4-5 mutabzala maluwa, muyenera kuisintha.
Zowonjezereka, njira iyi ingatchedwe kuti mbeu, chifukwa panthawi ya kukula pansi pa zisa, amapangidwa ndi mababu 4-6.
Chotsani chisacho chiyenera kupatulidwa nthawi zonse, mwinamwake kakombo amasiya maluwa.
Chomeracho chimakumbidwa kuchokera pansi kumapeto kwa September. Mababu opangidwawo amagawidwa, amachizidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, zouma mumthunzi.
Mizu ya mababu amafunika kudula 8-10 masentimita.
Pambuyo kuyanika, bulbu iliyonse imabzalidwa bwino. Kale m'chaka chachiwiri mutatha kugawa, nthawi iliyonse idzaphulika. Ngati mababu apanga ndi ochepa, ndiye kuti maluwa adzayamba chaka.
Ana
Potsatira maziko a kakombo, ana aang'ono anyezi amapangidwa.
Ngati babuwo abzalidwa mozama, chiwerengero cha ana chidzakhala chachikulu kwambiri.
Ngati kuli kofunika kubzala mbeu zosiyanasiyana m'deralo, mukhoza kuonjezera chiwerengero cha anyezi oterewa.
Kuti muchite izi, chotsani maluwa kuchokera ku kakombo, osati kuwasiya iwo pachimake. Mukhozanso kupatulira tsinde ndi ana omwe anapangidwa m'chaka ndi prikopat mumthunzi.
MFUNDO: Kuti chomeracho chazolowera, chimakhala madzi ambiri. Ndi njirayi, m'dzinja yaikulu anyezi idzakhazikika pa tsinde.
Bullets
Zinthu zimenezi zimapangidwa pakati pa tsinde ndi masamba a kakombo. Ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa mwamsanga mutatha maluwa.
Kubzalanso maluwa ndi mababu ndi njira yosavuta kupeza mbeu zambiri.
Pa maluwa onse akhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku 100 mpaka 150 mpweya wa bulbechek, uliwonse umene umatha kupatsa moyo zomera.
Mamba
Mababu a lamaluwa ali ndi chidziwitso chimodzi - ali ndi mamba omwe ang'onoang'ono anyezi angakulire - ana.
N'zotheka kupeza mamba kuchokera ku babu pamene mukumera chomera. Grooves for landings ali 20-25 masentimita.
Ndi mababuwa atakumbidwa pansi, masikelo amalekanitsidwa mosamala, otsukidwa mu njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate ndipo amachiritsidwa ndi fungicide.
Kenaka mamba imayikidwa mu phukusi la opaque, peppered ndi peat kapena utuchi. Phukusili liyikidwa mu chipinda chofunda kwa masabata 8-7. Ndiye kwa masabata 4 kutentha kwafupika kufika madigiri 17-18.
Panthawiyi, anyezi anyezi 3-4 amapangidwa pa mlingo uliwonse. Choncho, mababu a amayi amatha kupanga zomera zatsopano 20 mpaka 100.
Anyezi yokhazikika yomwe idabzalidwa pansi pamtunda, nthawiyi ndi okonzeka kulima.
Cuttings
Mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi yosafunika ya maluwa ingathe kufalikizidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa. Zomwe amapanga zimakhala zoyenera komanso masamba.
Tsinde la cuttings. Anakolola asanakhazikitsidwe masamba. Tsinde lamadulidwa ku chomera ndi kudula mu zigawo za 8-9 masentimita.
Zodulazo zimapangidwira pang'onopang'ono ndipo mosakayikira amaika chojambulacho pansi mpaka pamapiritsi apamwamba.
Malo olowera amapezeka nthawi zonse. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1-1.5, malingana ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, mababu amawonekera mu tsamba axils. Iwo akhoza kupatulidwa ndi kubzalidwa mu nthaka.
MFUNDO: Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mababu pa tsinde, kudula kosadziwika kumapangidwa pansi pa tsinde.
Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi tsinde la masamba ndi tsinde la tsinde. Musanayambe maluwa, imadulidwa ku chomera ndikuyikidwa mu chidebe chodzaza nthaka.
Kuchokera pamwamba pa phesi kuli ndi chipewa choonekera. Kubzala mizu kumachitika mkati mwa masabata 4-5. Mbalame yoyamba ikawonekera, ntchitoyo imatha kusuntha.
Njira ya Mbewu
Mosiyana, ziyenera kunenedwa za kupeza maluwa kuchokera ku mbewu. Kubalidwa kwa maluwa ndi mbewu ndikoyenera kupeza mitundu yatsopano pa chiwembu chanu.
Kuwonjezera apo, ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, imakupatsani inu nthawi imodzi kulandira zitsanzo zambiri za zomera.
Kupindula kwina ndi kukana kwa maluwa akuluakulu ku matenda, chifukwa mavairasi safalitsidwa kudzera mu mbewu.
Njira yambewu ndi imodzi yokha yoberekera maluwa a mitundu yambiri, popeza mababuwo amapangidwa sagwiritsanso ntchito mababu a kholo.
MFUNDO: Posankha mbewu, onetsetsani kuti ali atsopano musanagule, monga momwe kumera kumatha kuchepa ndi 50% m'chaka chachiwiri mutatha kukolola. M'chaka chachitatu okha 5-10% amatha kumera.
Ngati mukufuna kupeza mbewu kuchokera ku zitsanzo zomwe zikukula paziwembu zanu, muyenera kuphunzira za kukhoza kuyambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe mukukula. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mungu yomwe imapanga mungu.
M'pofunikanso kutsata luso la kusonkhanitsa mbewu. Simungathe kuthyola mabokosi mpaka mbeu zatha. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngati mutachedwa ndi mndandanda, mabokosi angatsegule ndipo mbewu zidzatsanulira pansi.
Kusonkhanitsa kusankha tsinde labwino. Ndikofunika kudula isanayambe chisanu. Tsinde ndi mabokosi a mbewu omwe amavala pepala ndikusiya kuti aziuma.
Ngati mwayamba kale kutentha, ndipo mabokosiwo sali okoma, tsinde limasiyanitsidwa ndi babu ndikuyikidwa mu vaseji ndi madzi a shuga (supuni ya tiyi imodzi pa lita imodzi). Zikatero, mbewu zipse.
Musanafese, mbewu zimakonzedwa m'njira yapadera kuti zizitha kumera. Pambuyo posiyana ndi bokosi, zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndipo zimayikidwa mufiriji.
Kufesa mbewu kumachitika m'njira zitatu.
Poyera
Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa mitundu yopanda chisanu.
Ndikofunika kusankha malo otere omwe chikhalidwe cha bulbous sichikulirepo.
Malowa sayenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi otentha kusungunuka, ndipo malowa ayenera kukhala ngati dzuwa ngati kotheka.
Kukumba nthaka, yopanda zomera zowonongeka. Dothi lolimba liyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi peat ndi mchenga wopuma.
Zingwe zimapanga mkulu, mita imodzi lonse. Pa mabedi amatha kupitilira m'mitsinje yozungulira pamtunda wa 15-20 masentimita. Mbewu imayikidwa mu grooves 2-3 masentimita mozama ndi kuwaza wosanjikiza mchenga. Kuchokera pamwamba pa mbeu zamasamba mulch wosanjikiza wa humus ndi masamba.
Mu mabokosi a mbande
Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa imayenera kufesedwa mabokosi ndi nthaka osakaniza ndi kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Gawoli limakonzedwa kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha malo a peat, sod ndi miyala yabwino. Mbewu imasakanizidwa mopanda phindu pamwamba ndipo imadetsedwa ndi mchenga wosanjikiza.
Kutentha kwakumera - 18-25 madigiri. Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, kumera kumachepetsedwa. Kuwombera kumawoneka masiku 15-25.
Mphukira yoyamba itangoyamba, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti safa ndi dzuwa komanso kusowa kwa chinyezi. Mphukira ya maluwa pa nthawi ino ndi yotetezeka kwambiri. Kutentha pa nthawi ino kuyenera kutsetsereka ku madigiri 15-16.
Mu gawo la masambawa timathamanga, tikuyesera kuti tisawononge mizu yovuta. Pambuyo posankha, kumera kusamalira kumaphatikizapo kutsirira ndi kutetezedwa ku tizirombo.
MFUNDO: Pofuna kupewa matenda a fungal, zimamera zimayambitsidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza, ndipo zimatetezedwa ku chlorophos ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Mu mitsuko yokhala ndi gawo la michere
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda mitundu yolima.
Kuchita izi, peat ndi mchenga zimasakanizidwa mofanana, zowakidwa komanso zodzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha mtsuko wa galasi.
Mbewu imayikidwa mu gawo lapansi, mtsuko umaphimbidwa ndi filimu ya polyethylene ndipo imangirizidwa kukonzekera ndi kutanuka kwa gulu kapena ulusi.
Mabango amaikidwa pamalo otentha, owala. Kutentha kumasungidwa pafupifupi madigiri 18-20.
Mu masiku 60-90, anyezi amakula ku banki. Akangowoneka m'makoma a zitini, kusakaniza pamodzi ndi mababuwo kumatsanuliridwa m'matumba apulasitiki ndikuika mufiriji.
Mu dziko lino, anyezi asungidwa miyezi iwiri. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, anyezi amasankhidwa kuchokera ku dothi ndikubzala mabokosi.
Pa nthaka yotseguka imakula kuchokera ku mababu a mbewu omwe anabzala mu September. Mitengo ya chisanu imakula mumabokosi mpaka masika.
Maluwa a maluwa amakula motere amayamba chaka chachiwiri.
Mosasamala kanthu momwe mumasankhira kubzala maluwa, sizili zovuta kuchita. Aliyense wolima maluwa, ngakhale wosadziŵa bwino, adzatha kuthana ndi ndondomekoyi ndipo adzatha kupeza makope atsopano a maluwa okongola a chiwembu chake.
Zomwe mwatsatanetsatane komanso malangizo othandizira kusankha malo, malamulo a kulumikiza kwa Lily angapezeke pa webusaiti yathu: Kukonza kwa Lily.
