Chokongola chofiira cha peyala mitundu "Carmen" musasiyane ndi aliyense wamaluwa, koma musanabzala peyalayi, muyenera kudziwa bwino momwe mungasamalirire.
Peyala "Carmen" ndi zokondweretsa ndi zipatso - kenako mu nkhani kufotokoza makhalidwe a zosiyanasiyana, zithunzi za chipatso, agrotechnical zoyamikira.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Peyala "Carmen" amatanthauza chifukwa cha mitundu ya tebulo ya chilimwe mapeyala Peyala ya Carmen imasiyanitsidwa ndi nyengo yake yoyamba yakucha, nthawi yokolola ndi zaka khumi za Julayi, ndipo masamulo amakhala moyo mpaka October. Mavuto a nyengo yachisanu ndi otsika kusiyana ndi owerengeka komanso osagonjetsedwa ndi matenda.
Kuti chilimwe mitundu komanso a: Rossoshanskaya wokongola, Sverdlovchanka, Duchess, Tonkovka ndi Chizhovskaya.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Asayansi a Institute of All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants anatchulidwa pambuyo pa ine I. Michurin anagwira ntchito popanga zosiyana, monga S.P. Yakovlev, A.P. Gribanovsky ndi Yu.K. Ilyin.
Anadutsa mitundu iwiri ya mapeyala, ndiwo "Williams Red" ndi "Mwana wamkazi Blancova", zotsatira zake, adalandira mitundu yatsopano - "Carmen".
Mu 1992, mitundu ya peyala "Carmen" inavomerezedwa kuti ayesedwe kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Lero, likufalikira mofooka ndipo limakula makamaka ku Central Black Earth dera.
Uwu ndiwo mtundu woyamba wa peyala ku Russia wokhala ndi zipatso zobiriwira, zomwe zinamera kuti zikule pakatikati.
Ku Central Russia, mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala imakula bwino: Katolika, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva, Cosmic, Autumn Yakovleva, ndi Memory ya Yakovlev.
Peyala "Carmen": kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi
Peyala mtengo mitundu "Carmen" ikukula mofulumira. Ndizosiyana sing'anga kukwera ndi wandiweyani yopapatiza pyramidal korona. Pogwirizana ndi nthambi ya thunthu ili pambali yozungulira.
Mtengo umapanga mphukira zakuda zofiirira zosaoneka bwino zomwe zimatchulidwa pang'ono. Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono komanso amatsitsimutsa.
Pakati penipeni kwa nthambi ndi masamba owala a usinkhu wa kukula, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Mtundu wawo waukulu ndi wobiriwira, koma ali ndi chigoba chofiira. La lamina ndi concave pang'ono ndipo ili ndi zipangizo zakulungama, zosalala. Mapulogalamu aatali ndi ofiira.
Mitengo yambiri ya mapeyala "Carmen" ndi kuchokera magalamu 160 kufika 180.
Zipatso zili nazo kukula kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe oyenera a toothed.
Iwo ali ndi khungu lakuda, lomwe nthawi yakucha kucha zipatso zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira-bulauni, ndipo zimakhala ndi phesi lalifupi lakuda.
Pa zipatso zomwe mungathe kuziwona zambiri subcutaneous inclusions.
Zipatso za peyala ya Carmen zikhoza kudziwika ndi mapiri okoma kwambiri, omwe ali ndi fungo losangalatsa ndi juiciness.
Zipatso zokoma zimawoneka zokoma ndi zowawasa popanda chithunzi cha astringency.
Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza mitundu ya peyala "Carmen" akhoza kukhala pa chithunzi pansipa:
Zizindikiro
Zipatso za mitundu ya peyala "Carmen" akhoza kuyembekezedwa kale kwa chaka chachisanu chitatha. Iye ali nazo oyambirira oyambirira. Zipatso zifike pokhwima mu theka lachiwiri la August, ndipo nthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi milungu iwiri.
Monga mungu wochokera ku mapeyala osiyanasiyana, mungagwiritse ntchito mitundu monga "Msonkhano" ndi "Williams Summer".
Kwa mitundu ya mapeyala "Carmen" amadziwika ndi avareji chisanu kukana ndi pafupifupi zokololaomwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kochepa.
Good chisanu kutsutsana ndi wosiyana ndi mitundu: Elegant Efimova, Lira, Moskvichka, Forest Beauty ndi Kupava.
Zipatso zili nazo yabwino transportability ndi yabwino ogula makhalidwe. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kupanikizana, kupanikizana, marmalade ndi compotes.
Mitengo ya peyala mitundu "Carmen" Iwo amaonedwa kuti ndi olimba, chifukwa amakhala ndi zaka 25 mpaka 50.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Mitundu ya pepala ya Carmen sichidabwitsa kwambiri za nthaka, koma imatha kukula bwino mu dothi lachonde ndi lochepetsedwa bwino. Chinyezi chokhazikika ndi chinyezi chochuluka chingayambitse mavuto osakanikirana ndi nkhuni. Mukamabzala peyala M'nthaka yamchenga ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zidebe zingapo m'matope.
Chifukwa cha kukongola kwa korona, mitengo ya peyala imeneyi ingabzalidwe mwamphamvu kwambiri. Pa hekta imodzi ya nthaka idzakwanira bwino mitengo yoposa chikwi.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala mitundu ya peyala "Carmen" ali theka la mwezi wa October ndi kuyamba kwa mwezi wa May.
Kufika kuyenera kuchotsedwa pamtunda. osachepera mamita atatu kuchokera pa mpanda kapena nyumba iliyonse. Ziyenera kukhala ngakhale zouma komanso zabwino.
Kukonzekera kwa dzenje loyenera kumatengera kwa sabata isanayambe kukonzekera. Kukula kwa mlingo wa dzenje liyenera kukhala pakati Masentimita 60 mpaka 80, ndipo kuya kwake kumachokera ku masentimita 100 mpaka 120.
Musanadzalemo, zidebe ziwiri zazikulu za mchenga ndi zidebe ziwiri za humus kuchokera ku zitsamba kapena manyowa ziyenera kudzazidwa mu dzenje.
Masipuni atatu a potaziyamu sulphate kuphatikiza ndi pamwamba. Pambuyo pake, m'pofunikira kutsanulira njira yothetsera laimu yomwe yakonzedwa ndi kusakaniza dzenje. magalasi awiri a laimu mu lita khumi za madzi.
Musaiwale kuwonjezera ku dzenje ndowa ziwiri za madzi oyera. Mu masiku asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi awiri mukhoza kuyamba kubzala mitengo.
Chakumapeto kwa nyengo kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika, muyenera kupanga mapangidwe a korona wa peyalazomwe zimachitika ndi kukonza.
Kusakaniza ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothirira mitengo ya peyala.
Kuti muchite izi, mungagwiritse ntchito kuima kapena kupota sprayer yomwe imafanana mvula yeniyeni.
Pomwe kulibe kuthekera kotereku, mtengo wambiri ukhoza kukumba pamtengo, womwe uyenera kukhalapo pafupifupi masentimita 50, ndi kutsanulira madzi kumeneko.
Mtengo wothirira wa mitundu ya peyala "Carmen" ndi madzi okwanira makumi awiri pa mita iliyonse.
Kuchokera chaka chachiwiri mutatha kubzala, nthaka iyenera kupindula ndi feteleza. Manyowa amchere ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka, ndi organic - zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Ngakhale kuti Carmen mapeyala nthawi zambiri amalekerera m'nyengo yozizira, Kukonzekera kuzizira, iwo amafunabebe. Izi ndizofunika makamaka pa mitengo yaing'ono.
Kuteteza mtengo ku chisanu, mungagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zilipo, koma ziyenera kukhala zouma. Poziteteza mungagwiritse ntchito mulching mu mawonekedwe a udzu, utuchi kapena nthambi za pinini.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Peyala osiyana "Carmen" amasonyeza Kuteteza kwambiri matenda monga nkhanambo ndi septoria.
Kukaniza matenda kumasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya peyala: Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Svetlyanka, Bere Bosk ndi Talgar kukongola.
Zoopsa kwambiri tizirombo pa mitengo iyi ndi hares ndi mbewaomwe amakonda kwambiri kudya khungu lawo m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuteteza motsutsana ndi makoswe, mitengo ya peyala imatha kukhala ndi nthambi za coniferous.
