Nthaŵi yaitali yozizira ndi imodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kusankha pakati pa malo otentha ndi ofunda. Malo ozizira amachititsa kuti nyengo isasokonezeke ndipo ikhoza kukhala chitsime cha madzi, komanso kuonjezera mtengo wa Kutentha chipinda. Chipinda chosasunthika chimapereka kutentha kwa 15% kudutsa pansi. Cold pansi - chifukwa cha chimfine kawirikawiri kwa akulu ndi ana. Kupititsa patsogolo microclimate ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chimfine, pansi ayenera kutenthedwa.
Kusankhidwa kwa kusungidwa zakuthupi
Zamakono zamakono akumanga amapereka njira ziwiri zothetsera vuto: kulengedwa kwa kayendedwe kawiri ndi kuika "malo otentha". Ndondomeko iwiri yokhala ndi ndondomeko yokhala ndi mapulogalamu. 
Kusungunula kumaikidwa pakati pa zigawo izi: mchenga, kuwonjezera dothi, zina. Pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro apamwamba, mukhoza kugula zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, koma muyenera kuganizira zofunikira zawo ndi zofunikira zoyenera kuziyika. Choyimira chachikulu mu chisankho chidzakhala zotsekemera zotsekemera.
Kusungunula kwamakono kungakhale:
- slab - polystyrene thovu, phula pulasitiki, ubweya wa mchere;
- phula - isofol, ubweya wa mchere wochepa;
- lotayirira - wowonjezera dothi, utuchi, mchenga;
- madzi - ecowool, madzi polyurethane thovu, madzi chithovu.
Kusankha mtundu wa kusungunula kumadalira komwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito: pansi, pamakoma, padenga, ndi zina zotero.
Zomwe Amafunika Kuyika:
- mphamvu ndi durability;
- chiwonongeko;
- Kukaniza zachiwawa ndi chinyezi;
- otsika kutentha.
Kukhazikika kumapangitsa kuti munthu asakanikizidwe kwambiri kuti asamangidwe kwambiri. Popeza nkhaniyi idzakhala nthawi zonse pakati pa kuzizira kuchokera pansi ndi kutentha kwa chipinda, ziyenera kukhala zosagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha.
Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mchenga wotentha pamtunda wambiri wa mlengalenga kapena nthaka yomwe nyumbayo imamangidwa. Zosakaniza zowonongeka zimayenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira kuti zimasula chinyezi m'mlengalenga, mwinamwake kutsekemera komwe kumawonjezeka kudzachititsa nkhungu.
Kupukuta pulasitiki
Polystyrene, yomwe imatchedwanso polystyrene foam, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuposa insulator ina. Zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera polystyrene granules. Amatanthawuza gulu la mapulitsi a mbale.
Zoipa za chithovu:
- nkhaniyi ili ndi ubweya wochepa ndipo, motero, mphamvu yaying'ono;
- zowonongeka kwa makoswe;
- ali ndi kutentha kwapadera.
Za ubwino wazinthu zikhoza kudziwika mtengo wake wotsika komanso wosakhala ndi poizoni. Zinthuzo zimakhala zosavuta kukhazikitsa, zozimitsa moto, zimakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino otsekemera.
Kukonzekera nyumba yaumwini, zidzakuthandizani kupeza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nkhuni, momwe mungapangire pansi pansi pa mazikowo, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chitseko, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito makoma ndi pulasitiki, momwe mungapangire malo osawona, kupanga makina a pulasitiki, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njira zowonongeka, momwe mungakhazikitsire madzi otentha momwe mungayikitsire malowa.
Penoplex
Penoplex ndi polyfoam yabwino. Mtundu wapamwamba wotchedwa Penoplex uli ndi mawonekedwe a ma piritsi omwe amatsimikizira kuti mafuta otentha kwambiri amatha kutsekemera.
Ubwino wa nkhaniyi ndi:
- bwino kutentha conductivity;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kumachokera ku +50 mpaka +75 ° С;
- kuwala, zosavuta kukhazikitsa;
- zotsutsana ndi tizirombo, nkhungu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- ili ndi mtengo wotsika.
Zowonongeka zikuphatikizapo kutentha kwa nkhaniyo. 
Dongo lowonjezera
Dothi lowonjezera limatengedwa kuchokera ku dongo powombera kutentha. Chidutswa cha nkhaniyi ndi chakuti chikuyenera pansi pamtunda. Anayikidwa pamtsinje waminga ndi mchenga.
Dothi lokulitsidwa ndikutsika mtengondi mphamvu zamphamvu, phokoso lokhazika katundu, otsika kutentha kwa conductivity ndi kutentha kwakukulu kukana.
Monga zovuta zakuthupi, zimadziwika kuti, ngati ubweya wa mchere, imatenga chinyezi, zomwe zimachepetsa kutentha kwake. Choncho, pa dothi ndi mvula yambiri imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mwasankha kutentha pansi ndi dothi lokulitsa, ndiye kuti gawo lina lachitsulo chosungunuka limatsanuliridwa pansi ndikuponyedwa pansi kuti muteteze dothi "kuchoka". Ndipo dongo limatsanulira pamadzi wosanjikiza. Zimalepheretsa kukhudzana ndi chinyezi.
Minvata kapena glass glass
Ubweya wa mchere ndi chimodzi mwa otentha kwambiri masiku ano. Zimapangidwa ndi mazenera opangidwa ndi magalasi, slag kapena miyala.
Ubwino wa ubweya wamchere:
- Kutsika kwautenthesi kumapangitsa kuti bwino kusunga kutentha kwanu;
- Kulimbana bwino ndi kusintha kwa thupi kumakhudza kwambiri kuvala kukana ndi kukhazikika;
- Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumateteza nyumba ku chinyezi;
- zozimitsa moto, chifukwa kukana ndi kutentha;
- zosayenerera kwa makoswe;
- ali ndi phokoso labwino logwira katundu.
Chosavuta ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa malo otsekemera ndi kutentha kwambiri. Ubweya wa mchere wokhala ndi madzi ochepa kwambiri umakhala ndi mtengo wapatali. Pogwiritsa ntchito zakuthupi amavala phulusa lochepa la poizoni lomwe limapangidwanso kuti ndi lovuta. 
Zowonjezera mitundu yambiri ya ubweya wa mchere ndi apamwamba otentha mavitamini, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zinthu zochepa zomwe zimafuna kutsekemera kwa matenthedwe.
Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kuti mudziwe momwe mungapangidwire denga, momwe mungaphimbe denga ndi matabwa, momwe mungapangire denga lamatabwa, momwe mungapangire denga lamatabwa, momwe mungagwirire denga ndi dothi.
Kutsekedwa kwa nkhumba
Kutsekemera kwa nkhumba kumapangidwa kuchokera ku makungwa a cork. Maonekedwe opanga - slabs coork. Mfundozi ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kalasi chifukwa chapadera za kutentha kwa insulator, komanso zosawerengeka za zipangizo.
Ubwino:
- zizindikiro zake sizidalira msinkhu wa chinyezi, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi zinthu zina zoopsa zachilengedwe;
- Kutsekemera kwa phokoso sikuwopa makoswe ndi tizilombo;
- ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amalepheretsa kukula kwa bowa ndi nkhungu;
- ali ndi chokwanira chokwanira cha kutenthetsa;
- Zimatentha kwambiri, choncho zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chitetezo chabwino cha moto.
Chinthu chokhacho chosavuta cha zinthuzo ndizofunika kwambiri. 
Mukudziwa? Mthundu wamtengo wapatali - chomera chokha chomwe chimatha kusintha mtundu wa makungwa. Mtengowo wapadera umakula mpaka zaka 200. Kukolola koyamba kwa khungwa sikuchotsedwa pamaso pa mtengo wa thundu ali ndi zaka 25. Kwa chaka pamtengo 6-7 mm zamtengo wapatali zidzakula.
Kusinkhasinkha (izolon, penofol)
Izolon ndi polyethylene thovu. Ili ndi maselo a mtundu wotsekedwa. Kuwonjezera pa zokutira zojambulazo. Zingakhale zonse pepala ndi mpukutu. Kutsekemera pogwiritsira ntchito nyali ya 2-4 mm. Ubwino:
- kusagwirizana ndi makina opanikiza, omwe amachititsa kuti likhale losatha - mpaka zaka 90;
- Kutetezedwa kwa chitetezo kwa mankhwala, kumakhala kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsekemera kwa mawu;
- zotsekemera, zolemetsa;
- Sitikudya chinyezi ndipo, motero, sichimavunda;
- otetezeka kwa anthu ndi chilengedwe;
Kuipa kwa nkhaniyi ndiphatikizapo mtengo wake wapatali komanso kufunika kokonza mosamala, kuti musasokoneze zowonjezera.
Mapulogalamu a cellulose (ecowool)
Ecowool amapangidwa kuchokera ku zodula mapepala ndi makatoni. Zipangizo zamakono zimatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tipewe nkhungu ndi mildew komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ubwino wa nkhaniyi:
- amalenga microclimate yabwino, chifukwa amasunga bwino;
- alibe zinthu zoipa kwa anthu;
- Ikhoza kuikidwa ngakhale zovuta kufika malo;
- zosavuta kukhazikitsa ndikupanga zokutira zopanda pake;
- chiwerengero chabwino pakati pa zokolola zamtengo wapatali ndi mtengo;
- kuteteza nkhungu ndi makoswe;
- zosapsa.
Kuipa:
- imachepetsa voliyumu panthawi yomwe ikugwira ntchito, choncho, zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito 20% zowonjezera zowonjezera pakuika;
- ecowool akhoza kupeza chinyezi, ndipo ngati palibe mpweya wotsekemera, kusungunula kwachinyezi kumataya mwamsanga zinthu zake ndikuyamba kuvunda.
Gypsum fiber
Mapepala opangidwa kuchokera ku gypsum pogwiritsa ntchito mapadi pa pepala yothandizira. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kofanana ndi zowuma. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyikiritsa zipinda popanda kutentha nthawi zonse. Mosiyana ndi zowonongeka, nkhanizo sizingatheke.
Phindu lalikulu:
- otsika kutentha;
- mphamvu;
- bwino;
- zakuthupi zolimbana ndi chinyezi.
Kuipa
- amafunika kusindikiza ziwalo ndi mafuta;
- kuchuluka kwake kwa zinthu kumaphatikizapo kudula kwake;
- sagwedezeka.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire mpanda kuchoka pa galasi, kulumikiza khola, ku khola lopangidwa ndi matabwa, mpanda wochokera ku gabions, momwe mungagwirire chitseko.
Galasilasi
Galasilasi imapangidwa ndi kusungunuka kwa galasi. Pofuna kupereka zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, miyala yamchere, dolomite, soda ndi zigawo zina zimayikidwa ku zipangizo zazikulu.
Lili ndi zinthu zabwino zotsatirazi:
- Mphamvu zapamwamba - zomwe zili ndi mphamvu kuposa chitsulo;
- kukana ndi mauthenga achiwawa;
- ali ndi kutsekemera kokometsa kwapadera ndi katundu wokweza;
- zotentha moto.
Chosavuta ndicho kutayika kwapachiyambi pomwe zimatonthozedwa. Galasilasi alibe zovuta zina. 
Mukudziwa? Galasilasi siigwiritsa ntchito kokha ngati moto. M'zaka za m'ma 1900 m'zaka za m'ma 1900 ku Germany, kupanga magalasi a magalasi ogulitsira magalasi a magalasi anayamba. Amene amapanga - kampani Koch GmbH. Zifaniziro zinapangidwa mwa kuchoka ku magalasi a magalasi, opangidwa ndi mapangidwe apadera ndi opaka ndi utoto.
Galasi lamoto
Zapangidwa ndi magalasi m'nyumba. Lili ndi mitundu 2: granules ndi blocks. Cholinga chachikulu - zakuthupi. Tsopano mitundu yonse ya zinthu imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga insulator yotentha.
Zopindulitsa za galasi lamoto:
- mphamvu;
- chosokoneza;
- malo otetezera kwambiri;
- chowoneka bwino;
- zosavuta kukhazikitsa;
- kukana makoswe ndi tizirombo tina;
- malo otetezeka.
Kuipa:
- chowotcha mtengo kwambiri;
- chiwonongeko;
- galasi lamoto sichimawotchedwa mold ndi mildew, koma kukhazikika kwake sikungateteze khola kapena khoma ku nkhungu. Choncho, sikoyenera kuti tigwiritse ntchito ngati chimbudzi muzipinda ndi chinyezi chakuda.
Mphuno ya polyurethane
Mphuno ya polyurethane ndi mtundu wa pulasitiki. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a porous. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya poizoni ya polyurethane imakhala yosiyana siyana ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana. Kutentha kwa kutentha kumadalira kukula kwa maselo omwe amachokera.
Kuti mukhale ndi poizoni ya polyurethane, chiwerengero chimenechi ndi 0.01 9-0.035 W / m * K. Chiwerengerochi n'chokwanira kwambiri kuposa cha ubweya wa mchere kapena galasi lamoto. 
Ubwino wazinthu:
- otsika kutentha;
- kumvetsera bwino katundu;
- kukana mankhwala amwano;
- satenga chinyezi;
- zovuta kuziyika;
- chokhazikika;
- chitetezo cha umoyo waumunthu;
- bwino "kumamatira" ku zipangizo zilizonse;
- sakusowa mapiritsi owonjezera;
- zosavuta, sichikupangitsani kulemera kwake;
- amatisindikiza mipata iliyonse.
Zopweteka zazomwezo zimakhala ndi ma radiation a ultraviolet. Koma popeza tikukamba za kutenthetsa pansi, izi sizothandiza.
Mukudziwa? Ma polyurethanes akutizungulira paliponse. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga zovala ndi mipando; kumanga ndi makampani olemera. Polyurethane - zinthu zomwe zingathe kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri. Kotero, zopangidwa kuchokera ku nkhaniyi, zitatopa ndi kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndikubweretsanso phindu.
Khwerero ndi sitepe malangizo opangira matabwa pansi
Cholinga chachikulu cha kusungunula - kuchepetsa kutaya kwa kutentha. Nthaŵi zina amalangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito kusungunula kotsekedwa pamwamba pa nthaka "yakale" imene ilipo kale m'chipindamo ndikuyikapo yatsopano pamwamba pa kusungunula.
Vuto ndi yankho ili lingakhale kuti mapulusa omwe ali pansi pa kusindikizidwa adzawululidwa ndi nthunzi ya madzi.
Popeza simungakwanitse "kupereka chinyezi" m'mlengalenga, sichidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira, choncho muyenera kutsatira njira yowonjezeramo ndikuchotseratu wakale, kuyendetsa kafukufuku wa matabwa omwe mumakhala nawo.
Pokonzekera chiwembu cha dacha, phunzirani kupanga sofa kunja kwa pallets, momwe mungasankhire ziboliboli za m'munda, momwe mungapangire maluwa okongoletsera, munda wotsekemera, kasupe, mabokosi opangidwa ndi miyala, bedi la miyala.
Njira yakale - dongosolo "malo awiri"
Njira yakale yotchuka yowonongeka pansi inali yakuti pakati pa kumaliza ndi kulembera kapangidwe kanapangidwa ndi kusungunula pansi. 
Zotsatira za zochitika panthawi ya kukhazikitsa zinali motere:
- Kuyika matabwa a subfloor.
- Kubwezeretsa kusakaniza kusakaniza.
- Kuika zinthu zosungira.
- Kutsiriza chipangizo chosanjikiza.
Chipangizo chodutsa pansi
Ntchito yaikulu yolemba gawo ndi yogawa katundu wunifolomu. Mndandanda wosanjikizidwa waikidwa pamatumba. Mitsinjeyi idakwera pazitsulo za njerwa kapena konkire.
Mphepete mwazitsulo panali nsalu yotsekemera yopanda madzi, pamwamba pake mtengo wamatabwa wa 30 mm wakuda unalumikizidwa. Pakati pa zipilalazo pamakhala chingwe cha mchenga ndi mchenga.
Mitengo yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito pazitsuloyo inkachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuyika zinyalala kunkachitidwa pazitsulo zothandizira ndi mtunda wa masentimita 40 mpaka 50 pakati pawo. Pakakhala kuti chinthu cholemera, monga chophimba mafuta kapena chophimba, chinakonzedweratu, kuwonjezeka kwa chifuwa kunachepetsedwa.
Kutentha ndi kutsegula mpweya kumudzi wakumidzi: kanema Kulungama kwa kuika kwayi kunayang'aniridwa ndi msinkhu.
Mabwalo apansi anali atayikidwa pamtengo. Kuti ukhale wokhazikika, mipiringidzo yonyamulira anagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalopo, komwe mapuritsi olemberawo analikidwa. Ziphuphu zomwe zimabweretsa izi zidasindikizidwa ndi mafuta.
Kutsegula kusakaniza kusakaniza
Udindo wa kusakaniza kusakaniza unasangalatsa dongo kapena mchenga. Choyambirira chinaperekedwa kwa dothi lowonjezera, monga chinthu chophweka kwambiri: amachiritsidwa bwino ndi mpweya, amapereka chinyezi ndipo amachira mofulumira, amamvanso phokoso bwino, ndipo amakhala ndi mankhwala abwino otsekemera.
Pakatikati pagawidwe la claydite ndi m'mimba mwake wa 10-20 mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutsekemera, komwe kunayikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 10. 
Kuika zinthu zosungira
Zomwe zidatchulidwa pansi zikufunikira zina zowonjezera. Kuyika mbale za chipangizo pamwamba pa dothi lokulitsa kunathandiza kuti pakhale bata komanso kuti akhale owonjezera. Ma mbalewo adayikidwa ndipo amangiriridwa ku mitengo. Ndipo kupaka nsalu ya denga pansi pa dothi lowonjezera kunapangitsa kuti madzi asamadziwe bwino.
Kutsiriza chipangizo chosanjikiza
Mabotolo a malo oyeretsa asanakhale atakulungidwa ndi kupatsidwa mankhwala odzola. Kuyika zowonjezera zowonjezera zinayamba pawindo. Pakati pa matabwa akuluakulu ndi khoma linasiyidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti zithe kusinthana.
Mabungwe amayenera mwamphamvu, popanda mipata pakati pawo. Ziphuphu zomwe zimabweretsa izi zidasindikizidwa ndi mafuta. Kusiyana kwa khoma kunali kobiri. Nyumba yomalizidwayo yapangidwa kapena yavarnished. 
Mukudziwa? Nyumba yomangidwa kale yamatabwa yakale kwambiri lero ndi kachisi wa ku Japan wa Khorju-ji - ili pafupi zaka 1400.
Kusungunula kwamakono
Katswiri wamakono wamakono oyika pansi pawiri amadziwika ndi otetezera apamwamba kwambiri ndi kusungirako njira zoyenera zowonjezera.
Tekeni yamakono yowakhazikitsa pansi ili ndi zotsatirazi:
- Kuyika zitsulo.
- Kuyika kusanjikiza.
- Kuika mpweya wosanjikiza.
- Shield fasteners.
- Kuyika ndi kukonza pansi.
Kuyika zitsulo
Zikala pansi zimapangidwa pazitsulo zazikulu. Zipangizo zamakono zimapangidwa ngati kalata T. Fomu iyi imakulolani kuti mukonze matabwa pansi pamagalimoto popanda zipangizo. 
Mu teknoloji yakale yopatsa gulu la mawonekedwewa anadzazidwa ndi mipiringidzo yapadera. Majekesi amaikidwa mu 40-50 cm increments.
Kuyika kusanjikiza
Ntchito yothandizira kuchepetsa kutentha ndikutentha (kupewa kutentha kutuluka kuchokera pamoto wapansi mpaka kumtunda wa konkire kapena pansi). Chofunika chachikulu cha kutentha koteteza thupi kutentha - otsika kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Kutentha thupi kumatha kuwonjezeredwa polystyrene, ubweya wa mchere, kutsekemera kwa cork, izolon ndi zipangizo zina. Kusungunula kumaikidwa pakati pa zigoba. Ndikofunika kupereka chithandizo chonse, kuphatikizapo malo ovuta kufika. Zingatheke kuti zitha kuzimitsidwa ndi kupopera kokhala.
Kuyika chotchinga cha mpweya
Ngati kusungunuka kumapangidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe zimatha kuyamwa chinyezi, ndibwino kuti mupange mpweya wa mpweya pamwamba pa kusungunula. 
Monga chotchinga cha mpweya chingagwiritsidwe ntchito:
- filimu yotchinga filimu;
- filimu ndi aluminium zojambulazo;
- membrane filimu.
Ntchito yopezera mpweya ndikuteteza kusungunula ndi kusungika kwa kusungunula. Mzere wa zitsulo umayikidwa pa chithunzi chowonekera cha pansi pang'onopang'ono ndikuphatikizana ndi kumangirizidwa ndi munthu wogwira ntchito yomanga.
Ndikofunikira! Nkofunika kuti mzere wa mpweya ukhale mu njira yolondola, yomwe: Kuwonetsetsa kwapansi kumayenera kupita kutsogolo, kupita kuchipinda.
Shield fasteners
Chotsatira chachitsulo chotsiriza chidzakhala plywood kapena zishango za OSB. Iwo amaikidwa pamwamba pa zowonjezera mpweya ndipo amamangiriridwa ku zipika ndi misomali.
Kuyika ndi kukonza pansi
Chipinda choyamba choyambira chikukwera ndiwindo, moyang'anizana ndi khomo la chipinda. Pakati pa khoma ndi bolodi, mpata wa 10-15 mm watsala, izi ndi chifukwa chakuti nkhuni zimayenda komanso zimagwiritsa ntchito mthunzi wa mlengalenga. 
Mabotolo amaikidwa pamodzi mwamphamvu momwe angathere ndipo amamangiriridwa ndi zikopa zowona. Pambuyo pa kuyika ndikofunikira kukwera njinga ndikupukuta pamwamba, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kutsegula ndi varnishi kapena utoto.
Chipinda chamkati chimayikidwa kuzungulira chigawo cha chipinda chokonzera pansi ndikukonza mgwirizano pakati pa khoma ndi pansi. Mabungwe ayenera kutsatiridwa kale ndi antiseptic.
Muli ndi malo otentha omwe mumasankha, aliyense mwa iwo adzasintha mlengalenga mu chipinda ndikuwateteza anthu m'nyengo yozizira kuchokera ku hypothermia ndi matenda opuma. Kupanga pansi ndi manja anu enieni ndi enieni.
Kwa ichi, nthawi yokha, ndalama ndi kutsatiridwa ndi sayansi ya zipangizo zoyala zikufunikira.
Mayankho ochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
