Zima-zolimba zosiyanasiyana kwa Central Russia - peyala "Space"

Peyala ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zotchuka kwambiri m'madera otentha otentha a Russia.

Olima munda amalolera kulima mtengowu, akuyamikira kukoma kwake kwa peyala ndi kuwonetsa kuti ndi mbeu yabwino yomwe imapangidwa pakatikati ndi nyengo zovuta.

Chimodzi mwazofala zosiyanasiyana mapeyala "zokongola" - Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi chithunzi cha chipatso pambuyo pake. Pakalipano, amakula m'madera akumidzi, kuminda minda ndi minda yaing'ono.

Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?

Pa nthawi yakucha, mapeyala onse amagawidwa m'magulu atatu - nyengo yozizira, yophukira ndi chilimwe. Gulu lowerengedwa ndi la mapeyala a chilimwe. Zipatso za mitengo ya m'gulu ili zipsepesa mkatikati mwa mwezi wa August kapena kumayambiriro kwa September. Choncho, kucha kumapezeka pamaso yokolola ya autumn mitundu.

Kugwirizana chifukwa cha mitundu ya chilimwe amasonyeza kuti zipatso za "zokongola" ndi zabwino zawo sangathe "kudzitamandira" kuthekera kosungirako nthawi yaitali.

Mitengo ya chilimwe imaphatikizansopo: kwa ana, Carmen, Limonka, Orlovskaya Belorita ndi Chizhovskaya.

Zimakhulupirira kuti mitundu ya chilimwe sungakhoze kusungidwa mutatha kukolola kwa milungu iwiri.

Ambiri wamaluwa, omwe ali mu peyala ya "Cosmic", amanena kuti chipatso ichi chikhoza kusungidwa mochepa popanda kupereka nsembe. masiku khumi okha.

Inde ndi kusonkhanitsa zipatso za zipatsozi ndi bwino kwa masiku 4-6Apo ayi mapeyala ofewa adzalimbikanso, kupindika ndi kutha.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mapeyala malinga ndi ntchito yawo, "Space" imatenga malo abwino kwambiri pamtundu waukulu wa magome. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake ndi zabwino zokoma, zipatso zowonjezera ndi zabwino kwambiri.

Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochokera ndi zophikira.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

Mitundu yowonjezera ya peyala inalengedwa ndi obereketsa Bungwe lonse la Russian Research Institute of Horticulture ndi Nursery. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, dera la Tambov). Olemba ake ali G. A. Lobanov ndi Z. I. Ivanova.

Kuti apeze watsopano wosakanizidwa, akatswiri adutsa mitundu iwiri ya mapeyala. Banja la ana "Russian Malgorzatka"ndi"Mwana wamkazi Blancova".

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana idapangidwa ndi cholinga chogawa ndi kufalitsa lonse ku minda yamapiri ku Russia, makamaka Non-chernozem ndi Central Central madera.

M'madera awa, mitundu monga Gera, Lada, Favorite Yakovleva, Rossoshanskaya Dessert, Lyra ndi akuluakulu.

Kuti peyala ikhale yachilendo pamkhalidwe wa nyengo yovuta ya ku Russia, kugogomezera panthawi yoperekera kunayikidwa pakuwonjezeka kwa chisanu pa zokolola zambiri.

Malingana ndi zomwe akatswiri ambiri amanena, kafukufukuyo anayenda bwino kwambiri. Ziweto zake zimakhala ndi chidwi ndi obereketsa angapo amene amapanga mitundu yatsopano yowakanizidwa.

Makamaka, "Space" yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito yolenga mitundu monga "Golden chilimwe"ndi"Permyachka", wokongola kwambiri wa ku Russia wokolola mapeyala ndi apulo, pulofesa Leonid Kotov.

Peyala "Cosmic": kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi

Chomera ichi chili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Mtengo Kukula kwakukulu. Ikhoza kufika mamita 5-6 ndi zina. Kuteteza zokololazo kudulira kudulira.
• Korona, nthambi. Kufalitsa korona wochuluka wa mtengo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuzungulira. Njira ina ndiyo mtundu waukulu wa piramidi. Nthambi zamakhwala pafupifupi pafupi ndi ngodya yomwe ili kutali.
• Akuwombera. Ambiri molunjika. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mphukira ndi sing'anga, mtundu ndi bulauni. Pali kawirikawiri mphodza yaying'ono pa mphukira. Zipatso, monga lamulo, ndizosabala zipatso zosatha.
• Masamba. Khalani ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Kawirikawiri kukula kwa sing'anga. Ndi tsamba lake, tsamba la "Cosmic" peyala likufanana ndi dzira. Kawirikawiri m'mphepete mwake (nthawizina nsonga) zimakhala zochepa. Pulogalamu yamtengo wapatali yowonjezera.
• Zipatso. Amakhala aang'ono kapena osapakati. Mimba imodzi ya fetus imafika pakati pa 80 ndi 110 g.

  Khalani pamtengo pogwiritsa ntchito mphukira wambiri. Khungu lakuda la mtundu wonyezimira-wachikasu, wokhala ndi mdima wobiriwira wothira dzuwa (pambali ya chipatso chowonekera dzuwa), amaoneka ngati mchere wonyezimira wonyezimira, wotchulidwa ndi tirigu wabwino kwambiri ndi kukoma kokoma.

  Mkati mwa thupi ndi kukula kwapakatikati, mdima wofiirira wobiriwira oblong, ndi mapeto ake, mawonekedwe. Mbewu chipinda - chatsekedwa.

Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza peyala zosiyanasiyana "Zachilengedwe" zingakhale mu chithunzi pansipa:

Zizindikiro

Mtengo wa kalasi yapaderawu umayamba kwathunthu kubala chipatso pambuyo pa zaka 5-6 mbeu yake itabzalidwa m'munda.

Pokonzekera kukula mtundu uwu wa peyala ndikuganiza za mbewu zamtsogolo, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti chomera ichi Nthawi zambiri amabereka zipatso chaka chilichonse pokhapokha ali wamng'ono. Pokalamba, pali nthawi (ndi zosokoneza) fruiting.

Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana idalumikizidwa ndi kuyembekezera kwa kufalikira kwake m'minda Central Russiakumene kuli nyengo yayitali komanso yowopsya komanso nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira, nyengo ya "Cosmic" yomwe imadziwika ngati chikhalidwe mkulu wa chisanu kukana.

Kukoma kwa chisanu kumakhala kosiyana: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, Svetlyanka, Samara Kukongola ndi Tale.

Makamaka, malinga ndi zomwe zinkachitika m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri ya 1978/1979 pafupi ndi mzinda wa Oryol, nkhuni ndi makungwa pamtengo wa peyalayi anali mazira osapitirira 2.5.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngakhale nyengo yovuta yomwe izi zikuyenera kukhalapo, Amapereka zipatso zokwanira za zipatso zapamwamba.

Malingana ndi chiwerengero, kusamalidwa bwino kwa mbewu kumakupatsani mwayi zokolola za makilogalamu 150 kapena kupitilira mtengo umodzi.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, mu horticultural practice, pali zochitika zina pamene, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa katundu pa mtengo, zinkatheka kuwonjezeka kwambiri (pokhalabe ndi zolaula) zipatso zolemera mpaka 300-350 magalamu.

Kulemera kwake kunapangitsa wamaluwa kukakola mtengo umodzi kufikira makilogalamu 190 a mapeyala, ndi pafupifupi 440 omwe amapanga zipatso pa hekitala.

Koma gawo la magawo a mankhwala omwe ali mu peyala "Cosmic", zikuwoneka ngati izi:

Peyala yopatsa "Cosmic" ndi chokoma chokoma cha zipatso chomwe chimapezeka. Iye ali nawo bwino transportability ndi mkulu marketability. Zidye zonse mwatsopano ndi mawonekedwe a zakudya zosinthidwa: zipatso zouma, compotes, marmalade, preserves, etc.

Peyala yamtengo wapatali ndi yamtengo wapatali kwa ogula osati kokha kokoma kwake, komanso chifukwa cha masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amathandiza munthu kuthana ndi matenda a impso.

Imakhalanso ndi anti-inflammatory ndi protivoskleroznymi katundu, imalimbikitsa excretion wa owonjezera salt ndi chinyezi.

Zokolola zapamwamba zimasonyezedwa ndi mitundu ya peyala: Kumbukirani Zhegalov, Moskvichka, Otradnenskaya, Chokongola Efimova ndi Marble.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Mitundu ya malo "Space", monga lamulo, kumapeto. Mungathe kubzala peyala ndi m'dzinja, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika mwezi umodzi usanayambe chisanu.

Ayenera kukhala ndi mtengo m'malo ouma kwambiri ndi owuma. Popeza chikhalidwe ichi ndi chovuta kwambiri, zimayenera kukonzekera kuti malo awa a mtengo adzakhala osatha. Choncho, khalidwe lake liyenera kutengedwa moyenera.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande m'madera ochepa omwe nthawi zambiri pansi pamakhala pafupi kwambiri. Ngati simukumbukira izi, mtengo m'nyengo yozizira ukhoza kuzizira komanso kufa.

Kuonjezerapo, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa mankhwala omwe ali m'nthaka yobzala. "Malo", monga peyala ina iliyonse, amalandiridwa bwino ndipo kenako amapereka bwino ku dothi la loamy.

Ngati pazifukwa zina muyenera kudzala mtengo pa nthaka dothi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera kompositi, peat ndi mchenga waukulu wa mtsinje.

Choncho pa dothi la mchenga adzafunika kuwonjezedwa humus, peat ndi kompositi.
Pakuti kubzala mmera kukumba dzenje 100-120 cm masentimita ndi 70-80 masentimita awiri Ndibwino kuti dzenje liime kwa masiku angapo musanadzalemo, Bayamo mitsuko 2 ya madzi.

Panthawiyi ndibwino kukumba m'mphepete mwa madzi, makamaka pazochitikazo ngati mukukayikira kuti madzi apansi ali pafupi.

Mwachidziwikire, kuti mutsimikizire kuti muli ndi zodabwitsa zamtundu uliwonse, ndi bwino kudzala mbande pamakono ang'onoang'ono.

Musanadzalemo, nthaka idakumbidwa kunja kwa dzenje, kuphatikiza ndi ndowa zingapo za mchenga, ndi manyowa (humus) (pafupifupi ndowa 2-3), yonjezerani galasi la superphosphate, 2-3 supuni ya potaziyamu sulphate.

Mbewu imayikidwa mu dzenje, mizu yake imadzaza ndi kusakaniza kwa nthaka yokonzedweratu ndipo, pokhala mosamalitsa nthaka ndi mapazi awo, imathiridwa ndi madzi. Pofuna kuteteza chinyezi kuti chisatuluke, malo otsetsereka amatha kukhala ndi malo osakanikirana a humus.

Pakati pa mizere ya mapeyala, mukhoza kubzala masamba ndi mizu yaing'ono (radishes, kabichi, nyemba, nandolo, etc.).

Sizingatheke kudyetsa pafupi ndi peyala chomera chokhala ndi tsinde (mwachitsanzo, mpendadzuwa kapena chimanga), zomwe zidzatenga mchere kuchokera ku mbande zosachepera.

Komabe, ndi zofunika kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Zachilengedwe" ikhale yothandiza pollination pamodzi ndi mitengo ya mitundu ina ya peyala.

Kusamalira peyala kumaphatikizapo kutsirira nthawi zonse, kudyetsa ndi kukonza mbeuyo motsutsana ndi tizirombo. Mu March, kudulira kumachotsa nthambi zakale ndi nthambi zokhala ndi masamba akale, ndipo zina zonse zafupikitsidwa.

Mu April tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mtengo kawiri kuchokera ku tizirombo. - choyamba, panthawi yomwe masamba akuphuka, kachiwiri pamene maluwa amawoneka. May - kudya nthawi, makamaka mwa mawonekedwe a urea.

Zouma chilimwe ndi zofunika nthawi zonse muzimwa mtengo. Mu kugwa, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, muyenera kusamalira nthaka feteleza (kompositi, superphosphate, phulusa, potaziyamu, ndi ena).

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Kawirikawiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Cosmic imakhala yosakanikirana ndi //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html ndi matenda ena, monga kutentha kwa bakiteriya kapena dzimbiri.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, peyala iyi akhoza kuvutika ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana. M'mayesero amenewa, nthambi zoyenerera ndi makona.

Mwatsopano, wokoma ndi wathanzi wa peyalayi adzakhala chokongoletsera cha tebulo lopatsa. Koma kwa munda uyu ayenera kukhala woleza mtima ndi kuyesetsa mwakhama.