Nchifukwa chiyani matenda a adyo amachitika komanso choti achite?

Amaluwa ambiri amapereka malo awo kubzala adyo. Zima mitundu amabzala kumapeto kwa autumn, ndipo kasupe - kumayambiriro kasupe.

Kagawo ka adyo kali ndi mankhwala otchedwa phytoncides, omwe amaopseza tizirombo kuchokera ku zomera zina. Choncho, nthawi zambiri masambawa amafesedwa pakati pa mizere yambiri ya munda kapena pafupi ndi mitengo ya zipatso.

Choncho, chomeracho chimateteza malo onse ku matendawa. Zina mwazinthu, zimakhala zovuta kufotokozera za ubwino wa adyo. Nkhaniyi ikhonza kuwerenga chifukwa chake matenda a adyo amapezeka komanso choti achite pamene zomera zimakhala zachikasu.

Momwe mungadziwire chomwe chinagunda chomeracho?

Kuzindikira zomwe zinamugunda adyo ndi matenda kapena tizilombo. Yang'anani maonekedwe ake ndikuwona ngati matendawa ndi fungal kapena mabakiteriya m'chilengedwe, kapena chomeracho chikumenyedwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono totchedwa tizirombo.

Mulimonsemo, kuteteza mochedwa kungapangitse kutayika kwa mbeu.

Matenda

Mitengo yonse ya munda wa anyezi imayesedwa ndi tizilombo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, ndipo zimafalitsa matenda a fungal ndi mavairasi.

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa adyo kumayambitsa matenda omwe amabwera ndi bowa.. Kawirikawiri zimayambitsa zochitika zawo zikuphwanya njira zowonjezera adyo.

• Ndi kubzala kwakukulu kwa adyo, mpweya ndi masamba ndi mzuzi sizimaperekedwa.
• Kuchuluka kwa nthaka chinyezi.
• Kuphwanya malamulo a kusintha kwa mbewu.
• Kukhalapo pamunda wa nthiti zambiri ndi zotsalira za zomera za chaka chatha.
• Zinthu zosungirako zosayenera za adyo.

Nchifukwa chiyani masamba amasanduka chikasu?

Masamba a garlic amatembenukira chikasu nthawi zambiri mumasika. Chochita?

1. Amaluwa ambiri amazindikira kuti mbewu za chikasu, makamaka nyengo yozizira. Izi zimachitika m'nyengo yotentha kutentha kumayambiriro kwa nyengo - panthawiyi zomera zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Mizu imafooketsa ndipo adyo imatulutsa mphamvu ku masamba.
2. Masamba akhoza kukhala achikasu ngati akudzala kwambiri. Garlic iyenera kufesedwa mozama ma 5-7 masentimita Kuti zisawononge masamba kuti azitembenuka chikasu, mphukira zazing'ono zimaphimbidwa ndi mapulasitiki achitsulo.
3. Poyamba kasupe frosts, chomeracho chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi zolimbikitsa, monga "Appin", "Zircon".
4. Palinso chifukwa china cha chikasu cha masamba - nthaka yowawa. Kutentha kwa nthaka kumachepetsedwa ndi laimu.
5. Masamba akhoza kutembenukira chikasu kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Bwanji ngati adyo akutembenukira chikasu chifukwa cha izi? Kudzaza phokosoli, mchere kapena feteleza zopangidwa ndi feteleza ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka.
6. Ndi chinyezi chokwanira.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwone vidiyo yokhudzana ndi zomwe zimachititsa chikasu cha masamba a adyo:

Matenda ndi kulamulira kwa iwo, chithunzi

• Vuto loyera. Masamba okhudzidwa amatha, amatembenukira chikasu, kuyambira kumalangizo. Matenda aakulu kwambiri amapezeka nthawi yowuma. Ngati adyo ali ndi matenda ovunda, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchotsa bowa ili. Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza chomera ku matenda, panthawi ya mankhwala, ndipo wina sayenera kuiwala za kuthirira nthawi zonse pabedi.
• Zosambira zowonongeka. Chinyengo cha basal ndi chakuti zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira mpaka masamba atembenuka chikasu. Njira yowonongeka ndiyo chithandizo chodzala zakuthupi pokonzekera "Thiram".
• Asperillosis kapena nkhungu yakuda. Chifukwa cha matenda owopsawa ndi kutentha kosayenera kwa kukula kwa zomera.

M'munsimu mudzawona chithunzi cha matenda a adyo:

Kumenya zovunda

Mbewu za masamba zimatha panthawi yokula pamabedi kapena nthawi yosungirako, ndipo izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake izi zimachitika.

Kuvunda kwa adyo kungayambitsidwe ndi matenda a bakiteriya kapena zovunda (Fusarium):

1. Fusarium imayamba kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kwakukulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuvunda koyera, mano amakhala ofewa komanso achikasu. Chomera chabwino chimakhala ndi fusarium kudutsa mu nthaka.
2. Chifukwa cha kuvunda kungakhale matenda a bakiteriya.

Ntchito yowola adyo ingachenjeze. Kuti muchite izi, musanadzalemo pansi, m'pofunika kuti mituyi ikhale yosamalizika maziko. Monga prophylaxis amagwiritsa ntchito "Fitosporin".

Mpukutu wobiriwira

Matendawa amadziwonetsera pakusungidwa kwa mbeu. Matendawa akamakula, mano amakhala ofooka ndipo amasonyeza patina, yomwe pambuyo pake imatembenuka.

Garlic imakhala yobiriwira kuvunda, makamaka nthawi yosungirako.. Chifukwa cha matendawa ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi chapamwamba mu chipinda. Pofuna kuteteza masamba kusinthasintha, mosamala muzimitsa chipinda ndikuonetsetsa kuti palibe mawonekedwe omwe amawasunga.

Vuto loyera kapena sclerotinia

Nkhumba zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukukochi chikule bwino zimakhudza zomera, panthawi yomwe zimalima m'munda, komanso nthawi yosungirako. Pakati pa kukula kwa munda wamunda, masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikasu, ndipo pamzu ndi mizu mukhoza kuona maluwa.

Njira yabwino yothetsera sclerotinia - ndizogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga: "Kvadris", "Shirlan", "Bumper", "Super".

Mtundu wobiriwira ndi wovunda woyera ukhoza kumenyedwa mothandizidwa ndi njira zowerengeka.. Kukonzekera kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba zakupha, muyenera kutenga muyezo wofanana (50 magalamu) a wosweka amadyera a calendula ndi yarrow ndi kutsanulira izi kusakaniza ndi lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda. Njira ziyenera kuumirira masiku asanu ndi awiri. Tincture yomaliza isanagwiritsidwe ntchito motere: 1 lita imodzi pa ndowa.

Mosaic

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a chloroplast. Zisonyezero zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa zithunzi:

• madontho ndi mabala a chikasu chowala amapangidwa pa masamba;
• masamba amakhala ofooka ndi kugwa.

Kulimbana ndi matenda akulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa karbofos.

Chizungu chamdima

Matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri pamene adyo amachulukira kwa nthawi yaitali. Virus transporters: aphid, nematode, adyo mite.

Zizindikiro za matenda:

1. Mawanga a chikasu amawonekera pa masamba.
2. Masamba ataya mawonekedwe awo.
3. Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka, zimadodometsa kwambiri.

Pofuna kuchepetsa kufala kwa kachilombo ka HIV, muyenera kukhazikitsa choletsa chomera. Cholepheretsa chikhoza kukhala chimanga chodzala mozungulira.

Kutupa

Ichi ndi matenda oopsa a fungal. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha matenda ndicho kutsutsana komwe kwakhala pansi kuyambira nyengo yatha. Choncho Muyenera kulemekeza zowonongeka za adyo chikhalidwe.

Njira zowonongeka:

1. Chomera choyenera chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi njira yowonongeka ya zotsatirazi: 1 gawo formalin (40%) ndi 250 mbali madzi;
2. bedi lomwe lisanayambe kubzala liyenera kuchitidwa ndi Fitosporin-M;
3. Ngati pali mapepala angapo pamapiritsi, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi: "HOM", "Oxy", mkuwa wa sulphate, 1% Bordeaux osakaniza, salini kapena sopo.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwonera kanema za adyo dzimbiri komanso momwe mungalimbane ndi matendawa:

Downy mildew (perinospora)

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.. Kufalitsidwa ndi mpweya. Ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri, amafalikira pa liwiro lalikulu ndipo amafunika kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pofuna kupewa imfa ya chikhalidwe.

Ridomil Gold MZ 68WG, Areva Gold Vg, Quadris 250SC amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa ulemu.

Fusarium

Fusarium kapena matenda otentha, chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kukolola zokolola zabwino, alimi omwe amadziwa bwino amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti agonjetse matendawa, ndi kuwaza adyo ndi biofungicides: Mikosan, Biosporin, ndi Bioorid. Mankhwala amathandizanso: HOM, Maxim.

Njira za anthu:

• Yankho la lactic seramu mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10.
• Processing zomera koloko phulusa 40 g pa 10 malita a madzi.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwonera kanema za adyo fusarium ndi njira zoletsa matenda:

Bacteriosis

Matendawa amakwiya ndi mabakiteriya. Kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe azing'ono ndi mabala kumawoneka pa mutu wa adyo wokhudzidwa. Manowo amasintha mtundu kukhala wachikasu. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa za bacteriosis sikwanira kuyanika kwa muzu pamaso yosungirako. Pali zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuti chitukukochi chiwonjezeke - kutentha kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwambiri.

Njira zolimbana ndi matendawa:

1. Kuchiza mankhwala mankhwala "Hom".
2. Kuvala kofiira phosphate m'nthaka.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo.

Mankhwala ogwira mtima kwambiri othandiza mlimi

Kotero kuti nthawi yosungirako adyo sichidziwikiratu kuti ndi chonyansa, nkofunikira ngakhale musanayambe kukolola kuti muchotse mosungirako malo osungirako masamba kuchokera ku zowonongeka. Muyeneranso kuyipaka ndi sulfure dioxide - izi zidzakhala bwino kuteteza thupi.

Mankhwala a anthu

Bungwe: Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zotetezeka polimbana ndi matenda, ndiwo, mankhwala osokoneza mchere ndi zosakaniza zina zabwino.

• Kulowetsedwa kwa fodya. Muyenera kutenga magalamu 250 a fodya ndi supuni ya tsabola yowawa. Thirani osakaniza ndi malita awiri a madzi otentha ndikusiya malo otentha kwa masiku atatu. Kenaka fyuluta ndi kubweretsa voliyumu 10 malita. Zina zimaphatikizapo 30 g wa sopo wamadzi osakaniza. Anathira zomera ndi nthaka 1 nthawi mu masiku 6-7 mu Meyi, ndiyeno mwezi wa July.
• Wood phulusa. Ndikofunika kutenga 10 g wa phulusa, supuni ya supuni ya tsabola yotentha ndi supuni ya fodya yamoto. Kusakaniza uku ndi koyenera pollination landings 2-3 nthawi pa nyengo. Njira imeneyi imathandizanso monga prophylaxis.

Kuteteza malamulo

1. Mmodzi mwa malamulo akuluakulu - kutsatizana ndi kayendedwe ka mbewu.
2. M'dzinja muyenera kuchotsa mosamala mabedi kuchokera ku zitsamba za chaka chatha.
3. Kuyala zinthu ziyenera kukhala zabwino.
4. Musanadzalemo, mano ayenera kuthandizidwa pothetsera potassium permanganate kapena saline.
5. Popeza zowola zimafika pansi, adyo akhoza kubzalidwa pabedi lomwelo mu zaka 3-4.
6. Kubzala ayenera kuchepetsedwa nthawi zonse ndikuchotsa namsongole.

Kutsiliza

Kulima adyo kumaphatikizapo ndi mawonetseredwe a matenda osiyanasiyana.. Ambiri a iwo ndi osatheka kuchiza. Choncho, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo oletsa. Chitetezo chothandiza kwambiri ndi chisamaliro cholondola ndi cha panthaŵi yake, komanso kupitirizabe kulimbana ndi zinyama.