Soviet Renklod ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yolemekezeka kwambiri komanso yolemekezeka yotchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu.
Mawu omwewo "greengage" ndi French. Limatanthawuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya plums yomwe imabala zipatso zazikulu, zozungulira ndi zokometsera.
Poyamba, maluti a greenclaws anakula ku France, Germany, Greece, Italy. Ndipo pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, mitundu yambiri yabwino inalembedwa ku Russia, kuphatikizapo Amayi a Soviet.
Tsatanetsatane maula Renklod Sovetsky
Mtengo - wotsika, ngakhale kwa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, umakhala wochepa kwambiri mamita atatu. Mtundu waung'ono wooneka ngati korona umafanana ndi panicle umene umakhala pansi ndipo umakhala wobiriwira.
Masamba ake ndi osowa, koma chipatso chimapeza dzuwa. Makungwa a mtengo ndi ofewa, imvi-bulauni m'zigawo zam'mbuyo. Maluwa amatha kuphuka maluwa oyera ndi mapepala osonkhanitsa.
Zipatso za mitunduyi ndi zazikulu, mipira yamdima yofiirira pafupifupi flattened laterally, pafupifupi 4.5 masentimita awiri, yokutidwa ndi sera yopangira sera. Ndi
Chiwerengero cha plamu chilemera pafupifupi 40g, ndi yaikulu kwambiri - kawiri ngati yolemetsa. Mnofu wa plums ndi wofiira-wachikasu, wosasunthika, wamadzi ozizira. Koma ngati perezaret, imakhala yofewa kwambiri. Komabe, kukoma kwa plums - kotsekemera ndichisangalalo chosangalatsa - sichitha.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Chiyambi cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo yobiriwira inayikidwa ndi omwe amaimira gululi - wobiriwira wobiriwira, wotchedwanso dzina lachi Greek. Anakhala "agogo-agogo aakazi" a mitundu yambiri ya kumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndi mitundu yoweta. Ena mwa mbadwa zake ndi Renklod Soviet.
Iye adawonekera pa siteshoni yoyesera ya Rossoshanskoy. Makolo a zosiyanasiyanazi ndi Plum Record, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi zipatso zambiri komanso Renklod Ulyanischeva, wotchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zake (zopitirira 50 g) zipatso.
Mitundu yatsopano ya Renklod Soviet, yomwe imatchedwa kuti kulemekeza kupambana kwa pakhomo, kufalikira ku kolkhoz minda ndi zofuna zawo. Mu 1986, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi inalembedwa m'dera la Central Chernozem, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo Renklod Soviet yakhala ikukondwera ku Voronezh, Kursk, Belgorod, Lipetsk ndi Rostov.
Chithunzi
Zowonjezereka zamitundu yosiyanasiyana "Renklod Soviet" zimawoneka pachithunzichi:
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Zosiyanasiyana Renklod Soviet ndi wotchuka chifukwa chisanu kukana - izo ngakhale ngakhale nkhanza 25-30-digiri ozizira. Zosiyanasiyanazi zinasonyeza mbiri ya hardiness yozizira m'nyengo yozizira ya 1975-76, pamene chisanu chinafikira pa digiri 34. Mafutawa sanavutike, kutaya pafupifupi 1.5% ya maluwa.
Chinthu china chofunikira cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe wamaluwa amachiyamikira - zokolola zapamwamba nthawi zonse. Mitengo ya fruiting imayamba kale zaka 4-5.
Pafupipafupi, mtengo wina wachinyamata umabala zipatso pafupifupi 10 kg pachaka kwa zaka 4 zoyambirira (poyerekeza: mmodzi mwa makolo a mtundu wa maulamuliro osiyanasiyana) Zolemba za zaka zomwezo zimapereka 4 kg okha).
Mtengo wolimba wa Renklod Soviet umatha kupereka zokolola zochuluka - kuyambira makilogalamu 33 mpaka 40 (pamene Zolembazo ndi 18-19 kg). Komabe, ogwira ntchito zolemba zolembera pazaka zabwino kwambiri amabweretsa zipatso 50-60 makilogalamu iliyonse.
Zomera zapaderazi zingakololedwe kum'mwera kwa dera la Central Black Soil pakati pa theka la mwezi wa August, ndi pakati pa Russia kumapeto kwa mwezi uno. Zakudya zokoma (oposa 9%) shuga, koma nthawi yomweyo sizimakhala ndi vitamini C (pafupifupi 8 mg / 100g) - zipatso za Renklod Soviet zimakhala zabwino makamaka ngati zatsopano. Zing'onozing'ono (pafupifupi 3% peresenti ya phokoso) fupa limatha mosavuta kuchoka pa zamkati.
Pakuti compote Renklod Soviet si abwino - plums ndi ofewa kwambiri mwamsanga wiritsani zofewa. Koma mwa iwo mukhoza kupanga chokoma kwambiri ndi wathanzi madzi ndi zamkati, kuphika kupanikizana, kupanikizana. Zimakhala zabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha mazira ndi pastila, sauces, vinyo wokonzekera komanso zonunkhira.
Renklod Soviet zosiyanasiyana plums muli zambiri pectins, mchere wamchere ndi organic acid - khalani ndi mankhwala ndi zakudyamakamaka zingathandize ndi kuvomereza.
Chenjezo: Chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mankhwala, ana aang'ono ayenera kupatsidwa pang'ono.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Momwe mungabzalitsire mtengo ndipo ayenera kusamala bwanji?
Kodi ndi liti komanso kulima kuti?
Nthawi yabwino yopanga maula ndikumapeto kwa nyengo, pamaso pa masamba. Kubzala mu kugwa sikuli koyenera, ngakhale ngati mbewuzo zagulidwa kale, ndibwino kuti azipange izo, ndi kuzibzala mu March-April.
Kupeza malo abwino a plums n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kukoma kwawo kudzadalira. Ngati mtengo uli mumthunzi kapena mu mphepo, zipatso zokoma kuchokera kwa iye kuti asayembekezere. Kutenthetsa ndi kuunika kumakhala kobiri, ndibwino kuti zokolola zikhale zabwino.
Zabwino ikani greengage pamalo okongola, kotero kuti kuchokera kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kunadzazidwa ndi mtundu wina wa zomangamanga kapena mpanda. Ngati palibe chobisala kuchokera mphepo, mukhoza kumanga mpweya wowonjezera.
Mukamabzala zomera zingapo, muyenera kusiya mamita atatu pakati pawo kuti mizu ikhale ndi malo okula ndipo korona sizimalepheretsana kuwala.
Nthaka yowawa ya maulayi si yoyenera - imakonda kukonda kutaya madzi komanso kutayirira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, madzi apansi sayenera kukhala oposa 2 mamita awiri. Phando la mmera limafunika theka la mita. Ikani khola pafupi ndi mtengo ndi kumangiriza maula kuchokera kumpoto. Sikoyenera kufesa nthaka mutabzala - kuwaza mizu ndi dziko loyera.
Renklod Soviet ndi nyumba yopangidwa ndi malima, ndipo sichidutsana ndi "alendo" - maula a chitumbuwa, minga, Chinese maula. Pofuna kupaka mungu, amafunikira mbale wake, tsamba lobiriwira, kapena mtundu wina wa pakhomo.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?
Kusamalira Soviet Renklod kumakhala kuthirira, kuvala, korona mapangidwe, pinching a achinyamata mphukira ndi kupatulira zipatso. Sikufunika kuphimba mitengo kuti ikhale yozizira.
Kuthirira Mphuno imasowa chinyezi kuposa zipatso zina zamwala, chifukwa mizu yake ili yozama - 20-40 masentimita Ngati mtengo ulibe madzi, umakula bwino ndipo umabala zipatso pang'ono.
Mafunde a madzi (ngati nyengo yowuma) ayenera kukhala yofanana, ndi mphukira yopuma ndipo zipatsozo zisanayambe. Thupi limakhala lofunika kwambiri kwa tsamba lobiriwira pamene likukula mphukira ndi kupanga mazira. Ngati simungamwe madzi panthawiyi, ovary ikhoza kutha.
Musanayambe kuthirira mtengo, nthawi zonse mutulutse nthaka kuti pasakhale kutumphuka komwe kumadutsa madzi ndi mpweya ku mizu.
Kupaka pamwamba. Renklod Soviet amakonda kudya. M'nyengo yozizira, feterezazo zimakhala zabwino kwa iye, ndipo m'nyengo ya masika ndi chilimwe, pamene maula amakula mwakhama, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni feteleza kunthaka. Chomera chabwino kwambiri cha feteleza chovuta kumapanga: nitrojeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwira - iron, magnesium, zinki, calcium, mkuwa, manganese, sulfure, boron, zinki.
Mbewu. Nkofunika kudulira nthambi kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti mtengo ukhale wolemera zipatso. Ndikoyenera kupanga mtengo mu chaka choyamba cha moyo wake. Ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi kumapeto kwa usiku, pamene usiku usana usalinso, ndipo masambawo sanafalikirebe.
Ndikofunika kudula nthambi ndi mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri, ndikupaka zigawo ndi munda wamaluwa. Ntchentche nthambi ziyenera kukhala zidutswa 7-10, zifupikitsidwa mu sapling. Ngati pali nthambi zomwe zimatuluka pambali pa thunthu (zigawo za thunthu kuchokera mu khola la mizu kufika pa chigawo choyamba cha korona), ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Mtengo ukayamba kupereka zipatso, kudulira kumachitidwa pang'onopang'ono - kupukuta korona, kudula ofooka, osweka, monga nthambi zowonjezera.
M'chilimwe, achinyamata amawombera pa maula kutsitsa kotero kuti korona si thicken.
Kupopera. Renklod amabereka zipatso molingana ndi mfundo: chaka chimodzi ndi chowoneka, china chimakhala chopanda kanthu. Pofuna kupewa izi ndi kusunga mphamvu ndi mtengo wa mtengowo kwa nyengo yotsatira, m'pofunikanso kuchepetsa zitsamba zobiriwira kufikira mutayamba kuthira, kuti zipatso zisakhudzizane.
Ngati mbewuyi, ngakhale izi, ili yolemera kwambiri, ndipo nthambi zimakhala zovuta - muyenera kuika mapulogalamu, mapeto omwe akuphimba ndi nsalu, kuti asavulaze nthambi.
Pansi pa thunthu la maula, mamita atatu kutali ndi izo, namsongole ndi mizu ayenera kuchotsedwa. Chitani zomwezo ndi mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zakhala zikuyenda pansi pa mtengo wa mayi - mwinamwake zidzakokera chakudya kuchokera ku mizu ya maula akuluakulu, zomwe zidzakhudza kuchulukana ndi kukoma kwa chipatsocho.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mmodzi mwa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana "Renklod Soviet" - kukana ambiri tizirombo ndi matenda. Matenda okhawa amatha kumuvulaza. Kumayambiriro (pamaso pa maluwa) chithandizo cha zomera ndi zitsulo zokhudzana ndi mkuwa zidzakuthandizani kuchepetsa chiopsezo.
1. Klyasterosporioz zofala kwambiri ku Black Earth. Nthenda imeneyi imakhudza kwambiri Renclod Soviet, koma m'malo mwake. Maluwa, masamba, maluwa, mphukira zazing'ono, nthawi zambiri zipatso.
Zizindikiro zakunja: Mu April-May madontho ofiira amabwereka pamasamba, ofanana ndi njira yopangira jekeseni. Kenaka amdima, kukula, komanso patatha mlungu umodzi kapena mabowo awiri amapangidwa m'mamasamba, ngati kuti anawombera.
Masamba otayika amauma. Mphukira zazing'ono zimaphimbidwa ndi mabala ofiira ofiira ndi malo okongola, pakapita nthawi mawangawo amatuluka ndi kutuluka. Kuchokera ku ming'alu yomwe imatulutsa utoto wachikasu. Ngati mutayambitsa matendawa - mphukira zimauma.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ziphuphu zake zimayamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, zimakhudza impso - zimakhala zakuda, zouma kapena zobvala ndi chingamu. Maluwa opatsirana ndi mazira ambiri amatha.
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawomba mvula komanso mvula yambiri.
Chochita
- Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, chotsani nthambi ndi mphukira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zilonda za bowa.
- Pamaso maluwa, utsi maula ndi chitsulo sulfate (300 g wa mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi).
- Mitengo ikayamba kutsegulidwa, nkhuni idzapatsidwa mankhwala a 1% a Bordeaux osakaniza: kutenga 100 g laimu ndi mkuwa sulphate pa 10 malita a madzi aliyense. Njirayi ikhoza kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa.
- Mabala omwe ching'onoting'ono chimachotsedwa ayenera kutsukidwa ndi kuzitizidwa ndi madzi a sorelo.
2. Polystigosis - kufalikira kumadera akum'mwera. Zosiyanasiyana Renklod Soviet akhoza kuvutika ndi bowa kwambiri - masamba masamba ndi ofiira malo kufika 30-40%.
Zizindikiro zakunja: Tsamba zofiira kapena zachikasu zimaonekera kumbali zonse ziwiri za masamba, kenako zimawombera, zimakhala zofiira kwambiri.
Matendawa amagwa, kotero kuti pakati pa chilimwe mtengo ukhoza kukhala ndi bald.
Mawanga pa masamba agwa akuda ndi kukhala ngati mapepala. Amayambitsa spores wa bowa. Kumeneko amakhala m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuopsa kokhala polystigmosis ndipamwamba ngati kasupe kanali mvula. Pambuyo mvula yamvula kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, spores zowonongeka zimaponyedwa mlengalenga ndikupita ku masamba aang'ono.
Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa chiri m'miyezi yoyamba 1.5 kuchokera kuphuphu. Masamba akale samatsala pang'ono kudwala.
Chochita
- Sungani ndikuika m'manda masamba omwe wagwa.
- Dzuwa litasungunuka, perekani mtengo ndi nthaka ndi 7% yothetsera urea (700 g pa 10 malita a madzi) - tizilombo topwintering tidzafa.
- Asanayambe impso, onetsetsani maula ndi nthaka pansi pake ndi mkuwa sulphate (300 g ya mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi) mochuluka.
- Masabata 2-3 mutatha maluwa, perekani mtengo ndi zokonzekera zamkuwa (monga Kuprozan, Zineb kapena Bordeaux osakaniza). Njirayi ikhoza kubwerezedwa asanayambe fruiting.
Kawirikawiri, kusamalira Renklod Sovetsky mtundu wa maula sizitenga nthawi yambiri ndi khama, monga nyengo yozizira hardiness ndi yosagonjetsa matenda ambiri amachotsa eni ku mavuto ambiri.
