Chimodzi mwa mitundu ya kusankha Altai - peyala Perun

Chomera ichi chimatchedwa dzina la Mulungu wolimba wa Bingu kuchokera kwa anthu achikunja achikalase a Chilavo. Mwina izi ndi msonkho kwa wolemba ngale ya nthano zakale za Slavic.

Koma mulimonsemo, dzina la chipatso cha mbeu, chomwe chidzafotokozedwe, ndi congruent kwambiri ndi kukula kwa dera limene likukula. Ndipo dera ili ndi Siberia, ndipo ilo likunena zonse.

Zili pamkhalidwe wake wovuta komanso wosayenera (makamaka poyerekeza ndi mapeyala achikondi, mwa tanthauzo) kalasi "Perun" Zimadziwonetsa bwino kwambiri komanso zowonjezera, zomwe zili mufotokozedwe ka agrotechnics, zithunzi za zipatso ndi wamaluwa.

Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?

Chipatso ichi ndi peyala. mtundu wa autumn wotsiriza. Kupatsa zipatso zake kumayambira pakati pa mwezi wa October. Ndondomeko yotsiriza ya chipatso imapitirira kwa nthawi ndithu ndipo imatha ndi kuyamba kwa chisanu choyamba.

Pamene amasungidwa mu firiji chipinda peyala mitundu "Perun" musataye zinthu zawo zakunja ndi zokoma mpaka January.

Apa tikuyenera kukumbukira kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mapeyala a autumn pamtengo wodzala ndi mfundo yakuti zipatso zimataya zina mwa ubwino wawo. Ambiri wamaluwa wamaluwa Achotseni masiku 8-10 asanafike msinkhu wokwanira. Atagona pansi atachotsedwa masiku angapo, amakhala okoma kwambiri kusiyana ndi mapeyala omwe agwera pamtengo.

Bere Bosk, Uralochka, Silent Don, Svetlyanka ndi Samara kukongola kumakhalanso ndi mitundu ya autumn.

Palinso chimodzi, "mawotchi", chifukwa chake zipatso zoyambirira ziyenera kuchotsedwa masiku angapo musanafike kukula kwawo.

Monga lamulo, mapeyala a Perun pamapeto a nyengo yakucha amakhala zolemera kwambiri. Zipatso zotere zimachitika mphepo N'zosavuta kutha, popanda kulemba kukoma kwawo kwabwino.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, peyalayi ndizozikhalitsa. Kukhala m'gulu lino kumasonyeza kuti mtengowo sangathe kudzipangira yekha mungu.

Pofuna kutsimikizira anthu omwe ali ndi "Perun" feteleza ndi zokolola zovomerezeka, pafupi ndi kofunika kudzala awiri kapena atatu a peyala oyendetsa mungu, akufalikira panthawi yomweyo. Adzapereka mtengo ndi zina zowonongeka.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi zigawo zobereketsa

Mitundu ya peyala mitundu ya Perun inadulidwa m'minda yowonongeka ya All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture ku Siberia. M.A. Lisavenko (Barnaul) gulu la obereketsa mu I. Puchkin (mtsogoleri wa gulu), E. Karataeva, I. Kalinina, M. Borisenko.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zachilendo, peyala ya mtundu wosakanizidwa wosasankhidwa No. 10821 idagwiritsidwa ntchito (banja lachiwiri ndilo "Mzukulu" ndi "Bergamot"), yomwe idutsa ndi kalasi "Winter Deanka".

Mbewu imeneyi ili m'gulu la mitundu kotero wotchedwa kusankha Altai. Palimodzi ndi Perun, mndandandawu muli Svarog, Lel, Kupava ndi mitundu ina ya mapeyala, omwe adapangidwa makamaka pa nyengo yovuta ya minda ya Siberia.

Chotsatira chake, peyala yomwe yafotokozedwa inakhala yosakanizidwa ndi chimfine kusiyana ndi mitundu ya pakatikati ya Russia, ndipo palibe choipa kuposa khalidwe la zinthu zomwe anasonkhanitsa.

Mwa njirayi, maina a Aslavi omwe amadziwika ndi maina ambiri a iwo sagwirizana ndi kale lonse za zomera za zomerazi. Panthawiyo, mutu wa onse olemba ankakonda mbiri ndi chipembedzo cha Asilavo akale, ndipo chifukwa cha ulemu wa Puchkin ku mbiri yakale ya Russia, nthano zake zakale ndi nthano zinasamutsidwa ku mapeyala omwe adalenga.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kuyesa kumadera osiyanasiyana kumpoto kwa Siberia (makamaka m'madera a Novosibirsk, Tomsk ndi Kemerovo) sikunapangidwe korona.
Chifukwa cha maonekedwe a nthambi, malongosoledwe akunja ndi chithunzi cha zomwe zili pambuyo pake, pear ya peyala imakhala yolephera kubala chipatso m'madera ovuta a chilengedwe.

Mitundu yopanda mphepo ndi Forest Beauty, Chudesnitsa, Yakovlevskaya, Otradnenskaya ndi Fairy Tale.

Kufotokozera kwa Perun zosiyanasiyana

Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zotsatirazi zapadera ndi zomangidwe:

Mtengo Kukula kwakukulu -kumeneko, nthawi zina ndi malo abwino kwambiri ndi chitukuko chikhoza kukhala pamwamba pa pafupifupi. Thunthu ili ndi makungwa a mthunzi wobiriwira.
Korona, nthambi. Mtengo wa "Perun" umadziwika ndi korona yokongola, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe okongola, pafupi ndi imodzi. Nthambi za nthambi sizinenepa, makulidwe amawerengedwa ngati sing'anga.
Akuwombera. Khalani ndi mkangano wotsutsana. Mtundu wambiri wa mphukira ndi wofiirira. Mapangidwe a zipatso amangiriridwa makamaka pa kolchatka zosavuta komanso zovuta.
Masamba. M'kati mwa masamba akuluakulu, monga lamulo, chiboliboli chachikulu cha dzira chimakhalapo. Mzere wa pepala wapamwamba uli ndi concavity pang'ono. Pamwamba pa mbaleyo ndi yosalala mpaka kukhudza. Zokhazikika ndi pafupifupi pafupi ponseponse za masamba ziri pafupifupi zopanda kanthu. Masambawa amajambula mdima wandiweyani.
Inflorescences Maluwa a peyala "Perun" amayamba nthawi yamapeto.

Zipatso. Mbewu yomwe imatengedwa kuchokera ku mtengo waukulu, zipatso za sing'anga ndi zazikulu zoposa kukula kwake (muzaka zabwino kwambiri). Pa nthawi yomweyi, pafupifupi peyala ku mtengo wotero akulemera pakati pa 140-170 g, ngakhale pali zipatso zolemera kwambiri.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa izi zosiyanasiyana, nthawi yomweyo zikuwonekera, ndizoyeretsa za zipatso zake zosagwirizana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chifuwa chochepa.

Osati wandiweyani, woyera, mafuta ochepa, ndi tirigu wabwino, zamkati zimatchulira zonunkhira zokoma.

Mnofu, womwe umadziwika kuti umakhala wouma ndi madzi pang'ono, umaphimbidwa ndi khungu losakanika, kamene kanyaka, konyezimira.

Mtundu wa chipatso musanachotse mtengowo ndi wobiriwira, mutatha kucha khungu limapeza mtundu wa golide-wachikasu.

Pa khungu pali zigawo zambiri zobiriwira zakuda zosaoneka bwino. Mkati mwa chipatso mu zipinda zing'onozing'ono zambewu za mtundu wotsekedwa ndizochepa, mbewu zochepa.

Mapeyala amasungidwa pa nthambi pogwiritsa ntchito mapesi amfupi.

Chithunzi

Zizindikiro

Mtundu uwu wa peyala yamaluwa amatanthauza chipatso cha mitundu yonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zipatso zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana kwambiri - zatsopano, zouma, komanso zowonjezera kupanga zipatso zosiyanasiyana, zokoma ndi zathanzi zowonongeka, kupanikizana, odzola, marmalades, mchere.

Panthawi ya kukula msinkhu, mwanayo amapeza bwino zokoma lokoma-wowawasa kukoma kwa mchere khalidwe.

Zopweteka zina za "Perun" ndikumverera pamene akudya grit wodula amene amapezeka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa juiciness.

Mankhwala omwe ali ndi mapeyala okoma ali mu chiwerengero ichi:

Mtengo wa zipatso wa kalasiyo ayamba zaka 4-5 mutabzala.

Mtengo wachikulire umabala zipatso nthawi zonse, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zochepa.

Makamaka, m'munda minda ya Altai - dziko lakwawo la "Perun" - Kawirikawiri zokolola pamtengo zimakwana 18 kg.

Mkhalidwe wa Siberia peyala ya Perun amasonyeza zogwira mtima zozizira zachangu, ngakhale kuti ndi otsika kwa mitundu yakale ya Siberia "Lukashovka" ndi mtundu wotchulidwa.

Panthawiyi makamaka nyengo yamtengo wapatali ya nkhuni imatha kumira pang'ono. Choncho, pakubereka mitundu "Perun" ndibwino kuti tipeze chisamaliro chapadera ku nyengo yomwe ilipo mmalo mwa chokonzekera chodzala.

M'madera awa, mitundu ya peyala yakula bwino: Tonkovetka, Sverdlovchanka, Severyanka, Feeriya ndi Severyanka red-cheeked.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Ngakhale kuti "Perun" idalimbidwa kulima makamaka m'madera a ku Siberia, kuchokera pa izi sizileka kukhala chomera chokonda kwambiri. Pa chifukwa ichi Chodzala mbande ziyenera kupangidwa pamalo otetezedwa bwino.

Sitiyenera kukhala ndi zida zamphamvu ndi madzi apansi pafupi ndi dziko lapansi. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri - m'malo ano padzakhala kuwala kwambiri.

Mdima wandiweyani ndi wokhazikika zimathandizira kuthetsa nthambi zazing'ono zopanda ntchito ndipo sizilola kukolola zabwino za mtengo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito malo oyenera kubzala, ambiri chernozems, loams kapena mchenga loams ndi zofunika. Pamadambo a mchenga ndi dothi, kulima peyala kumatheka pamene mukupanga dzenje labwino lodzala, low acid acid ndi nthawi zonse (chaka chilichonse) feteleza.

Pansi pa kubzala mmera kukumba dzenje lakuya pafupifupi 1 mamita ndi masentimita 70-80 masentimita. Mpaka nthawi yafika, dzenje liyenera kuima mkati mwa masabata awiri.

Choyamba chiyenera Thirani yankho la laimu (Magalasi awiri a madzi okwanira 10 malita). Nthaka yotengedwa mu kukumba imasakanizidwa ndi humus, mchenga ndi superphosphate.

Ndi nthaka yosakaniza, mizu ya mmera imatsanuliridwa panthawi yobzala. Ndi ichi chake Msuzi umachoka 5-7 cm kuchokera pansi.

Pakati pa mtengo womwe udabzalidwa nawo Masentimita 3-4 masentimita a zowonjezera zouma amapanga bwalo lapafupi pafupi ndi thunthu la 35-40 masentimita.

Kumalo opangira mapangidwe Thirani 2-3 zidebe za madzi olekana. Pambuyo poyamwa chinyezi, malo okwanira Fukani ndi youma humus mulch (2-3 cm).

Kusamalira peyala moyenerera kumasonyeza kuthirira nkhuni nthawi zonse (monga nthumwi ya mitundu ya Siberia, "Perun" imafuna kuwonjezera ulimi wothirira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe), nthaka yabwino yobereka, komanso kudulira koyenera.

Kudulira koyamba kuyenera kuchitidwa pa mmerazomwe zidzapatse korona zam'tsogolo mawonekedwe abwino ndikuonetsetsa kuti zikukula bwino.

Komanso, Mitengo yokhwima imafuna kudulira mitengo kuchotsa nthambi zakufa ndi zowonjezereka.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Peyala "Perun" mwachizolowezi zabwino kwambiri motsutsana ndi matenda akuluakulu a fungal.

Mitundu ya peyala yopanda matenda: Chudesnitsa, Chizhovskaya, Skorospelka ku Michurinsk, Moscow kumayambiriro ndi kukongola kwa Oryol.

Malinga ndi zomwe olemba munda amavomereza, chikhalidwe chimenechi sichikudwala konse. Mitundu imeneyi imagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo zambiri.

Komabe, ngati pali chikhumbo choteteza chitetezo ku makoswe ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, nthambi za shtamb ndi zigoba zimalimbikitsidwa kukulunga zipangizo zilizonse.
Kuchokera ku tizilombo kumathandiza bwino mtedza wa mandimu, womwe umagwidwa ndi thunthu la mtengo.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mwakhama malamulo onsewa, mukhoza kudalira peyala kuti muthokoze mwini wake ndi zokolola zabwino.