Mwachilengedwe, adyo wakutchire ku North Hemisphere amapezeka kulikonse. Mutha kulima pa ziwembu zanu. Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira kwenikweni, chisamaliro chake ndichosavuta. Mitundu imatha kudulidwa kale kwambiri kuposa zitsamba zina, imakhala ndi mavitamini ndi mchere, womwe umakhala wofunikira kwambiri mkati mwa kasupe pambuyo pakuperewera kwa vitamini yozizira. Chikhalidwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika komanso mankhwala azikhalidwe. Masamba a adyo atchire ndi otakataka, ofanana ndi masamba a kakombo waku chigwa. Ndipo kulawa, amafanana ndi mtanda pakati pa anyezi ndi adyo.
Kufalitsa kwa leek kuthengo ndi mbewu
Malupu akuthambo sasangalatsa kwenikweni kwa obereketsa, ngakhale mitundu ingapo ikhoza kupezeka m'masitolo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kudula mitengo, mbewu m'madera ambiri zalembedwa mu Red Book, chifukwa malo ake achilengedwe amasintha mosagwirizana. Mayina amitundu yatsopanoyo samasiyana ndi momwe anayambira - Teddy Bear, Bear Ear, Bear Delicacy, Bear Paw. Adyo wakutchire amatchedwa "anyezi wa chimbalangondo", ndipo masamba omwe amakula amatchedwa "meadows." Izi dzina lake ndi chifukwa chakuti zimbalangondo zikatuluka hibernation, adyo wamtchire ndiye amadyera okhawo m'nkhalango. Chifukwa chake, nyama zomwe zimakonda kusangalala zimakonda kuphukira.
Kusankha kwa njere zamtchire wamtchire m'misika yosankhidwa sikungatchedwe kwakukulu
Kanema: adyo wamtchire amawoneka bwanji
Mutha kudzisonkhanitsa nokha. Zomwe tikuwonetsa zikuwonetsa kuti mbewu khumi iliyonse m'mundawu imamasula pachaka. Mtundu wa inflorescence wopanga ngati mpira pafupipafupi umakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera. Mbewu zakuda zozungulira zimacha mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha Juni mu zipatso za "bokosi". Amadulidwa pomwe ayamba kutembenukira chikasu. Kenako chipolopolocho chidzaumitsa ndikuwtsegulira popanda kuwononga zinthu zomwe zibzala nyengo yamawa, zikhala zovuta kwambiri. Mbewu zimatsanuliridwa mu "bokosi", louma ndikusungidwa m'malo abwino, owuma, amdima komanso mpweya wabwino mu matumba a pepala kapena matumba a nsalu mpaka kubzala. "Zokolola" ndi mbeu 100-120 pachomera chilichonse.
Pakusonkhanitsa nokha nthanga zamtchire, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti mwatsopano
Pogula, onetsetsani kuti mwatchera khutu tsiku lomwe zatha. Iyenera kusungidwa chilimwe chatha, osati kale. Kumera okulira sikunasiyananso. Mutha kuwasiyanitsa ndi maonekedwe awo - sanali akuda komanso ozungulira, koma otuwa komanso opindika.
Pakatikati, mphukira zamtchire zazing'ono zimawoneka pafupi ndi chipale chofewa.
Malowa omwe adasankhidwa kuti abzale mbewu amakumbidwa mpaka kufika pa 40-50 cm (mizu ya mbewu ndi yamphamvu kwambiri). Nthawi yomweyo maudzu ndi zinyalala zina zachomera zimachotsedwa. Limu wosenda, ufa wa dolomite kapena zipolopolo za mazira ophwanyidwa kukhala dothi lamphweya (200-300 g pa mita imodzi ya mzere) zimawonjezeredwa ku dothi lac acid. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni - sikuti ndi wokhalitsa wabwino, komanso wokhuta nthaka ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Pafupifupi milungu iwiri asanabzike, kama wake wamasulidwa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe kuti achulukitse chonde. Yabwino humus, inavunda kompositi. Koma manyowa atsopano ndi zinyalala sizabwino. Chida champhamvu chotere "chitha" kutentha "mizu ya mbande zotuluka.
Humus - chida chothandiza kuwonjezera chonde
Ambiri wamaluwa amalima m'dzinja ya mbewu zamtchire zamtchire, akuchita izi m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za September. Tsiku lomaliza ndi pakati pa Okutobala. Nthawi yokhayo imasankhidwa potengera nyengo mu dera. Kutentha kwambiri kwa iwo kuli pafupifupi 20 ° C. Ngati, pakatha mwezi umodzi mutabzala, kupitirira 2526 ° С kapena kutsika kuposa 10 ° С, wokolola m'munda atha kudikira mphukira imodzi.
Asanabzale, mbewu zimafunikira kukonzekera komwe kamayerekezera kuzizira kwa nyengo yachisanu. Amasakanizidwa ndi mchenga kapena peat, amanyowetsa gawo lapansi ndikutumiza thankiyo kwa masiku 80-100 mufiriji kapena malo ena ndi kutentha kosalekeza kwa 0-3 ° C. Njira ina ndikukulunga mbewu mu nsalu yonyowa kapena thaulo la pepala, ndikuyika mumtsuko wagalasi ndikukulunga ndi chivindikiro. Gawo laling'ono limasungunuka ngati pakufunika. Nthawi zambiri kamodzi pa sabata ndizokwanira. Nthawi ndi nthawi, amafunika kugwedezeka, kuti apeze mpweya wabwino.
Stratization ya mbewu imatsata "nyengo yachisanu" yawo mu vivo
Kanema: Kuyambitsa mbeu
Kuchulukitsa kumera, njere zimanyowa kwa maola 12-14 mu njira yirizonse ya biostimulant. Zotsatira zomwezi zimaperekedwa ndi onse omwe agulidwa mankhwala (Epin, Zircon, Emistim-M, Kornevin) ndi wowerengeka azitsamba (madzi a aloe, succinic acid, uchi wothira madzi).
Epin, monga ma biostimulants ena, amathandizira kuchulukitsa kumera, ndipo chithandizo chimathandizanso pakuthamanga kwa chomera
Mbewu zofesedwa m'madulira ndikuzama masentimita 4-5. Kutalikirana kwa mzere ndi pafupifupi 20 cm. Zofesedwa mogwirizana monga momwe kungathekere, zowazidwa ndi humus pamwamba, zophatikizidwa ndi mchenga wabwino. Ndi osafunika kugwiritsa ntchito peat crumb, imachulukitsa nthaka. Kenako bedi limalimbikitsidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira.
Mphukira zoyambirira zidzawonekera kumapeto, kwinaku mu Epulo, koma osati chaka chamawa, koma nyengo ina. Ndiye kuti, ntchito yonseyi imatenga pafupifupi chaka ndi theka. Monga momwe amasonyezera, zosaposa gawo limodzi la mbewu zimamera. Zitangochitika izi, pogona pamafunika kuchotsedwa. Tsamba limodzi likapangidwa, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa, ndikusiya pakati pa 15-20 masentimita pakati pa izi. Chitani izi mosamala kwambiri, ndikuchotsa dothi limodzi ndi dothi lapansi. Mizu ya mbande zazing'ono ndi osalimba. Amayikidwa munthaka ndi mainchesi 5cm. Munthawi ziwiri zoyambirira za kukhala panthaka, ndikofunika kuti zisasokoneze, kudula masamba. Ndikwabwino kuwapatsa mwayi wopanga mizu yoyambira. Landings amasamalidwa, nthawi zonse kulima dimba, kumasula mosamala dothi ndi kuthirira.
Mbande za babu zakutchire zimayenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali
Pocheperako pobzala, mbewu zobzalidwa mumiphika zing'onozing'ono za peat zodzazidwa ndi dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi kuti mbande kapena chosakanikirana cha humus chokhala ndi tinthu tambiri. Zotengera izi zimayikidwa pansi.
Njira ina yodzala mbewu za adyo zakutchire pogwiritsa ntchito nazale. Bokosi losaya pansi limakumbidwa mu chinyumba kapena kunja. Mbewu zofesedwa malinga ndi dongosolo la 0.5 * 0,5 cm. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, mbande zikakula ndikukula, zimabzalidwe, ndikusunthira kumalo kosatha. Izi zimapewetsa kulimidwa m'mundamo.
Kutumiza kwa masika ndikothekanso. Ndondomeko yakonzedwa bwino mwezi wa Epulo. Potere, bedi lamtunda limakokedwa ndi chilichonse choyera chophimba chomwe chimadutsa mpweya (agril, lutrasil, spanbond). Mphukira zimawonekera mu Meyi-June chaka chamawa.
Adyo wamtchire amapangidwa bwino podzililitsa, chifukwa, patapita nthawi, kubzala m'munda wamaluwa ndi wandiweyani, mbewuzo zilibe malo okwanira chakudya. Kuti mupewe izi, kamodzi pazaka zisanu zilizonse magulu akuluakulu anyezi amagawidwa ndikudzalidwa, kusamutsira kumalo atsopano. Momwemonso, chomera chimatha "kukwawa" pamalopo, ndikusintha ngati udzu wamba. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti bedi lizunguliridwa ndi masamba okumbika ozungulirazungulira.
Vidiyo: Kukula adyo wamtchire kuchokera ku mbewu
Kubzala babu
Adyo wamtchire siwosankhika, koma kuti chomera chimveke bwino ndikubweretsa zokolola zabwino, ndikofunika kubwezeretsanso zachilengedwe momwe zimakhalira, ngati zingatheke. Mwachilengedwe, adyo wamtchire amakula m'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mars, mitsinje, akasupe. Mbewuyi ndi yotsika (20-50 cm), motero imabisidwa ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuwabzala m'munda wamtchire pamtunda wa nyumba, kapangidwe, mpanda, pansi pa mtengo wazipatso, ndi zina zambiri. Chikhalidwe sichikonda dzuwa lowala - masamba amakhala ochepa, amataya zipatso, amawuma, kukoma kumakhala kochepa. Kwa wolima dimba, mawonekedwe a mbewuyi ndi mwayi - mutha kusunga malo pazomera. Kuphatikiza apo, bedi lamundawo, lomwe limapezeka pamalo otseguka, limayenera kumiza udzu ndi kuthilira madzi ambiri.
Kwa adyo wakuthengo m'munda, mutha kugawa malo omwe, chifukwa cha shading, sioyenera mbewu zina zambiri
Ubwino wa dothi lamtchire wamtchire sukutanthauza zapadera. Imatha kupulumuka bwinobwino mumchenga "wowala" komanso dothi lolemera. Chokhacho chomera sichimagwirizana mozungulira ndi gawo lapansi la acidic. Njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iye ndi dothi lotayirira, lomwe limalola mpweya ndi madzi kudutsa bwino. Mwachilengedwe, adyo wamtchire amakula pafupifupi mchimbudzi, koma muukapolo sakonda kunyowa kwamadzi. Ndizowopsa makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - mababu pafupifupi amayamba kuvunda. Chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale leek yamtchire m'malo otsika. Melt melt ndiye kutalika kwambiri kuyimirira pamenepo. Ngati palibe njira ina, muyenera kusamalira ngalande powonjezera mwala wosweka, dongo lokulitsa, ndi timiyala m'nthaka. Kapenanso muyenera kudzaza ma crestswo ndi kutalika pafupifupi theka la mita.
Wamaluwa amakonda kutengera masamba a adyo wamtchire. Njirayi imakulolani kuti muthe kupeza mbewu kuchokera chomera chatsopano. Koma sikuti amakhala wopanda zovuta zina - ovary yatsopano imodzi yokha imapangidwa kuchokera kuwombera kulikonse. Nthawi yoyenera ya njirayi ndi Ogasiti-Seputembala, pomwe nthawi yamasamba yatha ndipo mbewuyo "yadetsedwa." Gawo lam'mwambali pofika nthawi ino limadzuka ndikufa, chifukwa chake, zolemba zoyesedwa kuti zigawike ziyenera kulembedwa pasadakhale, mwina simudzazipeza m'mundamo. Mlimiyo azilandira koyamba mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofalitsira mchaka chachitatu cha moyo chomera chatsopano.
Mababu atsopano a leek amapangidwa chaka chilichonse
Pocheperako kubzala zinthu, ma bulb angapo angabzalidwe pamalo otseguka dzuwa, osakhala pamthunzi, monga mwachizolowezi. Zomera zotere zimakula mwachangu ndipo "zimagawanitsa" kwambiri mwachangu, koma zimafunikira chisamaliro mosamalitsa, makamaka pankhani y kuthirira ndi kudulira.
Mababu amabzalidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mbande, ndikusiya pakati pa 15-20 masentimita pakati pa mbewu. Zobzala zimathilidwa pang'ono, dothi limaphikidwa ndi udzu watsopano, masamba, masamba, zomata zamatabwa, ndikupanga wosanjikiza masentimita 5-7. Ndiosafunika kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi watsopano chifukwa cha izi, makamaka chophatikizika. Gawo laling'ono limapangika mwachangu. Kaya njirayi idachita bwino ikhoza kungoweruzidwa potsatira kugonjera. Zonse zikayenda bwino, bulb yatsopano iyenera kupanga. Mbali ya mmera yomwe imamera sichikhala pachilimwe, imangoyang'ana mizu.
Mabulosi a adyo akuthirika amawazika mosamala kwambiri kuti asawononge mizu ya mbewu
Zochita zimawonetsa kuti mababu a ramson pang'onopang'ono amapita mobisa. Zazikulu kwambiri komanso zakale kwambiri pakuya 20-25 cm. Kukumba mosamala kwambiri kuti musawononge mizu yazomera zoyandikana. Akachotsedwa pansi, "anawo" mwina samadzidulira pamanja, kumadula kokha pomwe sikumachitika konse. Mababu opanda mizu kapena mizu yowuma sizikupanga nzeru kubzala. Sadzazika mizu.
Mababu a adyo akuthengo omwe amachotsedwa pansi ayenera kukhala ndi mizu, apo ayi sizikupanga nzeru kuziika
Bedi limakonzedwa pasadakhale, kukumba dothi lakuya. Kuphatikiza pa humus (3-5 l / m²), nayitrogeni (15-20 g / m²), potashi (10-15 g / m²) ndi phosphorous (25-30 g / m²) feteleza nawonso. Oyenera, mwachitsanzo, urea, superphosphate yosavuta ndi potrateum nitrate. Pali zovuta kudyetsa zomwe zili ndi zinthu zazikulu izi - Azofoska, Nitrofoska, Diammofoska.
Azofoska - feteleza wovuta wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu
Sichoyenera kuti nthawi zonse muzimera zolunda zamtchire pamalo amodzi. Zomera zimayamba kupweteka komanso kufota. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusinthitsa chikhalidwecho ku munda watsopano zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zilizonse. Chizindikiro chowoneka bwino kuti nthawi yake yayamba kale kupindika, masamba akutha ndi mababu.
Kusamalira mbewu
Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira kwambiri, chimangofunika chisamaliro chochepa. Makamaka chidwi ziyenera kulipidwa kuthirira adyo. Dothi lomwe lili pakama liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, makamaka mwezi woyamba mutangokwirira kumene. Koma sungadzaze chomera - mababu awola ndipo adzafa.
Njira yabwino kwambiri ya adyo wamtchire imakhala pafupipafupi, koma kuthirira pang'ono. Dothi pakati pawo liyenera kuuma 4-5 cm. Izi ndizosavuta kudziwa pokumba kabowo kakang'ono pabedi ndikuyesa kufinya nthaka kuti ikhale chimbudzi. Ngati ikung'ambika zala zanu, ndi nthawi yoti madzi. Nyengo ikakhala yotentha, imakhala yokwanira masiku asanu ndi anayi aliwonse, pamatenthedwe komanso nthawi yayitali chilala, nthawi pakati pa kuthirira imatha.
Kutsirira koyenera ndiye gawo lalikulu la chisamaliro chofunikira cha adyo wamtchire
Kumasulira dothi bwino ndikofunikira kuthirira. Ngati sichikugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti mukukhala osachepera 2-3 pamwezi. Izi zimakongoletsa kuthana ndi nthaka, mizu imapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi mpweya komanso michere. M'dothi loterolo, madzi samayenda.
Gawo lapamwambalo likafa, mutha kuyiwala za kuthirira. Mpaka kasika lotsatira, mbewuyo imakhala ndi mvula yokwanira zachilengedwe.
Kulowetsa bedi lamtchire kuthengo kumathandizira wosungayo kuti asunge nthawi yopewa chochepetsa komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthilira
Mfundo ina yofunika ndi kufoka. Mulching idzathandiza kupulumutsa nthawi (komanso kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka powonjezera nthawi yomwe kuthilira). Makulidwe oyenera kwambiri ndi masentimita 3-4. Pofunikira, iyenera kukonzedwanso. Kwambiri kuvulaza m'minda yamatchire tirigu ndi kubzala nthula. Namsongole uyu ali ndi mizu yamphamvu yomwe imabowola mababuwo, ndikuwononga mbewuyo.
Ma rhizomes a Wheatgrass amatha kuwononga kwambiri mababu amtchire, motero kuluka mabedi ndikofunikira
Nthawi yamasamba mu adyo wamtchire ndi yochepa kwambiri, chifukwa kuchokera pama feteleza ndibwino kuti azikonda zachilengedwe kapena zogula motengera vermicompost. Amadyetsedwa ndi infusions ndi mayankho a chomera sabata iliyonse iliyonse ya 3-4. Pafupipafupi pakugwiritsira ntchito feteleza feteleza ndi njira yothetsera vutoli imatsimikizidwa ndi malangizo omwe akupanga.
Zaka ziwiri zilizonse, kasupe, kuti achulukitse chonde m'nthaka yoyamba, kumasula manyowa kapena kompositi (2-3 l / m²) amatsekedwa m'nthaka. Mutha kupanga feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni (urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate) mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena mu njira yothetsera (8-10 g pa 1 m² kapena 10 l yamadzi). Kuchita mopitirira ndi mavalidwe otere sikofunika. Nitrogen ochulukirapo m'nthaka imakhala ndi vuto pakukula kwa chomera, imasiya mdima, imapangika, ndi ma nitrate omwe amabvulaza thanzi limadziunjikira. Ndipo kumapeto kwa nthawi yamasamba, phulusa la nkhuni (galasi pa 1 m²) limabalalika chaka chilichonse m'mundamo. Ndi gwero lachilengedwe la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zilizonse, ufa wa dolomite kapena chinthu china chokhala ndi zofanana zimawonjezeredwa ku dothi acidic.
Dolomite ufa - deoxidizer wa dothi lomwe silimakhala ndi zotsatirapo pakuwona Mlingo woyenera
Kudyetsa adyo wamtchire, kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa atsopano a ng'ombe, ndowe za mbalame, masamba a nettle, ndi masamba a dandelion zakonzedwa. Mwakutero, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito namsongole wina aliyense womera pamalowo. Chidebe chakuya chimadzaza ndi zopaka ndi pafupifupi chitatu, chowonjezeredwa ndi madzi, chotsekedwa mwamphamvu. Kenako imasiyidwa padzuwa kwa masiku 3-4 mpaka fungo lokhalokha liziwoneka. Musanagwiritse ntchito, feteleza womalizirayo amasefedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 10 kapena 1:15, ngati zinyalala zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira.
Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle - feteleza wachilengedwe komanso waulere kwathunthu
Adyo wamtchire, ngati lamulo, wopanda nyumba zowonjezera, ngakhale zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Koma ngati nthawi yozizira ikuyembekezeka kukhala yovuta kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo ndi matalala pang'ono, ndikofunikira kusewera mosamala podzaza bedi ndi wosanjikiza mulch (masamba owotcha, singano, udzu) 8-10 masentimita ndikulimba zigawo zingapo za burlap kapena zinthu zina zophimba zomwe zimalola mpweya kudutsa. Chisanu chokwanira chikangogwa, amachiponyera pamwamba, ndikupanga chipale chofewa. Zimakhazikika pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti nthawi yachisanu izifunikira kukonzanso kachulukidwe kangapo.
Kanema: Malangizo okula adyo
Adyo wamtchire kunyumba
Kukula kwa adyo wamtchire sikosiyana, kotero kumatha kumadzalidwa kunyumba, ndikudzipatsa nokha azitsamba azaka zabwino chaka chonse. Kutalika kwa chomera ndi 20-50 cm okha, masamba ndi ochepa, 3-5 cm mulifupi, palibe ambiri a iwo mu malo ogulitsira. Nthawi yabwino kukafika kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti amadyera ali mu ukapolo ndiwachifundo komanso obiriwira kuposa m'munda.
Pokhala osatalika kwambiri pamera, muzu mu adyo wamtchire ndiwamphamvu kwambiri, mababu ali m'nthaka pakuya pafupifupi 20 cm. Chifukwa chake, mphika wake sukusankhidwa kuti ukhale waukulu, koma wozama, wowoneka ngati chidebe. Zotengera za ceramic zopanda glaze ndizokonda. Zinthu ngati izi zimathandiza kuti mpweya udutse bwino, kuti madzi asamazizire pamizu.
Poto wa ramson uyenera kukhala wozama yokwanira
Zomera, dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi lamaluwa amkati ndioyenera, koma ndibwino kusakaniza dothi panokha. Humus, tsamba loyambira lamasamba ndi mchenga wowuma uyenera kutengedwa muyezo wa 2: 2: 1. Simungathe kutenga turf kuchokera pansi pa mitengo ya coniferous. Mu chilengedwe, adyo wamtchire pansi pawo samakula. Popewa kukula kwa zowola, 3 L iliyonse ya gawo lomalizira, ikani supuni ya choko kapena mpweya wofukizidwayo wophwanyidwa.
Ubwino wa dothi lamtchire wamtchire sukundika, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwezo zomwe zimabzala kunyumba
Poto ndi dothi zonse ziyenera kuthilitsidwa kuti zisafesedwe. Sambani chovalacho bwino ndi kuchapira ndi madzi otentha, kuwumitsa nthaka, kuyinyowetsa, kuwaza mu uvuni kapena kuithira ndi yankho lofiirira lakuda la potaziyamu.
Mutha kubzala kunyumba ndi mbewu, ndi mababu a chilombo leek. Kukonzekera koyamba kusanachitike kumafunika. Njirayi si yosiyana ndi yomwe tafotokozeredwa pamwambapa. Koma kunyumba, mbande zimawoneka mwachangu kwambiri, patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
Mutabzala, mbewu ndi mababu amazikonkha ndi danga labwino la mchenga wosakanizika ndi tchipisi tating'onoting'ono (makulidwe osanja - 5-7 cm). Dothi lomwe lili mumphika limasungunuka pang'ono ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Chotengera chija chimakhala cholimba ndi pulasitiki wokutira kapena wokutidwa ndi galasi. "Greenhouse" yotseguka tsiku lililonse kwa mpweya wabwino kwa mphindi 8-10, kulepheretsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka. Gawo lapansi limasulidwa pang'ono, limasungunuka pomwe limayamba kuwuma. Udzu ukangowonekera, mphikawo umasinthidwa kupita kumalo komwe ukanapatsidwa mthunzi wopepuka komanso kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa.
Palibe chovuta polima adyo wamtchire kunyumba
M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kupanga adyo wamtchire pakhonde, veranda yotseguka, malo otetezedwa. Chomera chimakomera bwino mpweya wabwino. Chisamaliro chake chimakhala kuthirira nthawi zonse komanso kuvala pamwamba. Njira zilizonse zovuta zopangira masamba azikongoletsa. Mutha kuwasinthanitsa ndi zolengedwa zachilengedwe ndi mavalidwe apamwamba molingana ndi vermicompost.
Zoyambirira kubzala panyumba zimapezeka mutatha zaka ziwiri ngati mbewu za adyo zamtchire zibzalidwe. Mwa mababu - kwa nyengo yotsatira. Kulimbikira kwambiri sikuyenera kudula, mbewuyo singachokere pakuwonongeka kochuluka kwa unyinji wobiriwira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyambitse angapo angapo nthawi imodzi ndiku "kudula" kamodzi.
Bzalani matenda ndi tizirombo
Fungo lenileni la adyo wamtchire komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta ambiri mumasamba kumawopseza tizirombo tambiri timene timadyera timadziti tamadzimira. Mwinanso chosiyana ndi migodi yomwe imawuluka. Kusatetezedwa kwachikhalidwe kulinso bwino. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowola imawonetsedwa, pakupanga kwake komwe wolima m'munda nthawi zambiri amayimba mlandu, nthawi zambiri komanso / kapena kuthirira mbewuyo kwambiri. Matenda enanso omwe ali ndi fungus ndi dzimbiri. Imafalikira kwambiri ku mbewu zapafupi.
Choopsa chachikulu cha adyo wamtchire si migodi yachikulire, koma mphutsi. Amalowa mkati mwa masamba ndikumadya "tinthu" tomwe timakhalamo, tero popanda kupita pamwamba. Kunja, imawoneka ngati bulic semicircular yokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 1 mm ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2 masentimita. Zizindikiro zofananira ndizosachedwa kutulutsa minofu yomwe imayamba pang'ono pang'ono ndikufa, masamba operewera. Izi zikuchitika, monga lamulo, m'malo mwachangu.
Pazifukwa zina, kuuluka kwa mgodi kumakonda kukhala wachikasu; izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misampha yopanga tokha.
Mutha kulimbana ndi akuluakulu popachika tepi yomata kuti mugwire ntchentche kapena misampha yakunyumba pafupi ndi bedi - dulani mabotolo apulasitiki odzaza ndi madzi a shuga, madzi owotcha ndi uchi kapena kupanikizana, kapena zidutswa za makatoni, plywood, linoleum, opaka uchi womwewo, mafuta odzola a petroleum, komanso guluu wowumitsa wautali. . Mphutsi zimachita mantha kutali, ndikumwaza dothi pa kama ndi chisakanizo cha phulusa lamatabwa, tchipisi cha fodya ndi tsabola wofiyira pansi.
Mphutsi za ntchentche zimadya masamba amkati kuchokera mkati
Ngati kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe kwapezeka, mankhwala ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Aktaru, Confidor-Maxi, Mospilan, Apache. Pafupipafupi chithandizo ndikutsimikizika kwa yankho kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malangizo. Ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu zonsezo ndi gawo limodzi.
Dzimbiri limayambitsidwa ndi bowa yemwe tizilomboti timanyamula ndi mphepo kapena kumayambitsa ndi madontho amadzi. Mu mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa, njira yokhazikika ya photosynthesis ndi metabolism imasokonekera, imakhala ndi vuto la chinyezi, masamba pang'onopang'ono amagwa. Mwakutero, mawanga ofiira okhumudwa a mawonekedwe ozungulira amawonekera kumbali yakutsogolo, mbali yolakwika imamangitsidwa ndi chosakanizira chosanja cha "shaggy" cha safironi hue. Pang'onopang'ono amasintha mtundu kukhala bulauni wopanda dzimbiri ndikukutira.
Chotupitsa ndi matenda owopsa omwe amasokoneza njira za photosynthesis ndi metabolism, zomwe ndizofunikira pamtengowo.
Popewa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nthaka pabedi imakonkhedwa ndi yankho la 5% urea, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo yomwe imakula, imathandizidwa ndi 2% mkuwa sulfate. Munthawi yogwira, milungu iwiri iliyonse iliyonse, leek imapopanitsidwa ndi thonje la potashi wobiriwira kapena sopo ochapira, pepala lamtundu wa penti wa potaziyamu, wothira madzi ndi sulu phulusa kapena colloidal sulfure (15-20 g pa 10 l). Kugwiritsa wowerengeka azitsamba - kuchepetsedwa 1:10 kefir kapena Whey ndi Kuwonjezera wa ayodini (dontho pa lita). Mutha kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mu gawo limodzi la ammonia kapena viniga.
Kulimbana ndi matendawa ndi fungicides. Ndikofunika kusankha mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Ridomil-Gold, Alirin-B, Tiovit-Jet, Bayleton). Amphamvu kwambiri ndi Abiga Peak, Topaz, KhOM, Kuprozan. Palinso ndalama zomwe zimayesedwa ndi anthu opitilira m'badwo umodzi wamaluwa - Bordeaux madzi, mkuwa sulphate.
Bordeaux madzi ndi fungosis wamba, mphamvu yake yomwe imayesedwa ndi mibadwo yopitilira ilimi, itha kuchitidwa palokha
Gray zowola pamilandu yambiri zimachitika chifukwa chonyowa pansi. "Fumbi" laimvi limawonekera pamasamba, kenako mabala otuwa kapena otuluka “ngati madzi. Pang'onopang'ono, imayamba imvi ndipo imalimbikirana ndi kupikika pang'onopang'ono kwa utoto wonyezimira wa “pofiyira” wokhala ndi timadontho tating'ono. Minofu yomwe ikukhudzidwa imafooka ndikufa.
Nthawi zambiri, wosamalira mundawo, yemwe ndi wofunitsitsa kuthirira, ndi amene amachititsa kuti pakhale tsitsi lakuthwa
Pa prophylaxis, mbewu zimaphwanyidwa ndi choko chophwanyika kapena phulusa la nkhuni, nthaka yomwe ili pabedi imakonkhedwa ndi sulufule ya colloidal. Madzi othirira nthawi ndi nthawi amasinthidwa ndi yankho la pinki potaziyamu permanganate.
Ngati matendawa sanazindikiridwe pa nthawi yake, chomera chimatha kungokumba ndikuwotcha kuti zithetse gwero la matenda. Poyambilira, magawo onse a minyewa yomwe yakhudzidwa amasungidwa ndi lumo kapena tsamba la zotulutsa. Ndikofunikira kujambula 2-3 mm ndikuwoneka bwino. Mwachiwonekere, kuchuluka kwa bowa kufalikira kale kumeneko, zizindikiro zakunja sizinawonekerebe. Mabala amatsukidwa ndi 2% vitriol ndikuwazidwa ndi adamulowetsa mpweya kapena sinamoni. Potseguka kotsatira, mphete za Trichodermin, Gliocladin zimayambitsidwa m'nthaka. M'malo mwa madzi, kwa mwezi umodzi adyo wamtchire amathiriridwa ndi pinki yowala yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena Fitosporin-M.
Potaziyamu permanganate yankho - chida chothandiza popewa nthaka
Kuvunda kwamizu kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri pachikhalidwe. Amakula kwa nthawi yayitali, osadziwonetsa yekha mu gawo la mbewu. Ndiye m'munsi mwa timuyo timafewa, sinthani mtundu kukhala wakuda, khalani ochepa pang'onopang'ono. Nthaka imakokedwa ndi nkhungu, fungo losasangalatsa labwino limafalikira. Kulimbana ndi matendawa panthawiyi sikungatheke. Chomera chimang'ambika ndikuwotcha, dothi m'malo ano latetezedwa, kutaya ndi 5% yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa. Njira zodzitetezera zili zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ku imvi zowola.
Palibe chovuta kuzindikira kukula kwa mizu zowola kumayambiriro.
Kututa ndi kusunga
Kukolola kukonzekera kukolola pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo chisanu chisanathe. Kuchuluka kwa mavitamini, mchere, mafuta ofunikira, ma phytoncides ndi zinthu zina zathanzi m'masamba adyo wamtchire zimawonedwa mu Epulo. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti masamba omwe adadulidwa kale, nthawi yambiri yomwe mbewuyo imayenera kuchira. Mababu, m'malo mwake, amakumbidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe, akafika kukula kwawo kwakukulu. Zingadyedwe ndi mivi. Amakhala achifundo komanso opepuka kuposa masamba. Pambuyo maluwa, omwe amapezeka mu Meyi, zokolola zimayimitsidwa - amadyera akuwonekera.
Zokolola za adyo zakutchire ndizabwino kwambiri, koma muyenera kusonkhanitsa masamba kuti asatayire mbewu
Rosette wamtchire wamtchire, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi masamba atatu kapena asanu. Mutha kudula (kungodula, osati kung'amba ndi kupotoza) ziwiri kapena zitatu. Tsamba lotsika kwambiri limakhalabe pamalowo kuti lithe kubwezeretsedwanso mwachangu chaka chamawa. Nyengo ino sipadzakhalanso zokolola zatsopano. Zonena za achikulire wazaka zoposa zisanu zitha kudulidwa kwathunthu. Zokolola za adyo wamtchire sizoyipa - kuchokera pa 1 m² amapeza pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu obiriwira. Zomera zazikulu, izi zimafika 3 kg.
Mukamakomoka, zabwino za adyo zakuthengo sizivuta
Kuti muzikhala ndi mbewu nthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kubzala adyo kuthengo m'malo atatu osiyana ndikutalika kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Nyengo iliyonse, masamba adzadulidwa kuchokera pabedi limodzi, awiri omwe atsala adzatha kuchira.
Atamasulidwa, masamba a adyo atchire samadulidwanso - pakadali pano siwofatsa komanso othandiza
Adyo watsopano ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Masamba ndi mababu amawonjezeredwa ku saladi. Muthanso kukonzekera zokoma za nyama ndi nsomba kuchokera kwa iwo, zophatikizidwa ndi kirimu wowawasa ndi tsabola. M'mayiko a ku Caucasus, mababu amangodyedwa ndi nyama yankhumba ndikawaza mchere. Potentha firiji, masamba amagona, osataya kutsitsimuka, masiku 4-5, mufiriji - sabata kapena theka.
Saladi ndi adyo wamtchire - nyumba yosungiramo mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri
Chomera ndichofunika kwambiri kwa anthu, koma adyo wamtchire samalimbikitsidwa kuti azidyetsa zoweta. Mkaka umasinthira mtundu kukhala wachikasu, nyama imakhala ndi zotsatira zosasangalatsa.
Kuti mukhale adyo wamtchire kwa nthawi yayitali, masamba ndi mababu amawotchera, amchere, kuwaza. Zosafunikira zonse zofunikira zimatayika mukamakola. Mutha kuwamasula. Koma kuyanika adyo kuthengo sikuyenera. Pambuyo pa njirayi, imataya kwathunthu kukoma kwake, kununkhira kwake, komanso mapindu ake.
Amangodya masamba ndi mababu okha, komanso mivi yamtchire yamtchire
Kanema: Ubwino wa thanzi la ramson
Adyo wamtchire satchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima Russian. Koma izi sizoyenera konse. Chapakatikati, pafupifupi zitsamba zatsopano, ndizofunikira kwambiri mavitamini ndi mchere. Chomera chimakhala chosasinthika, ngakhale wosamalira mundawo amatha kulima chiweto chake popanda chiwembu.
