Kubzala mphesa pamalo, ndikosavuta kugula mmera wopangidwa kale; palibe kuchepa kwa nthawi yathu ino. Koma kodi mbande zimachokera kuti kumsika, zimakula bwanji, kuchokera pati? Kupatula apo, kukhala ndi zokumana nazo pang'ono pamunda, ndikosavuta kulima mbande zako, kunyumba.
Njira zazikulu zofalitsira mphesa
Mphesa, monga zitsamba zonse, zimatha kufalitsa zonse pogwiritsa ntchito njere ndi njira zamasamba. Kubzala mbewu kunyumba sikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kufalitsa ndi kudula kapena kuyala. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizovuta kuneneratu pasadakhale kuti ndi mitundu yanji yomwe ingalimere kuchokera ku mbewu, chifukwa chake kufalitsa mbewu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pantchito yoswana.
Nthawi zambiri, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphesa amagwiritsa ntchito mbande zodulira mphesa. Kuchulukitsa kochulukirachulukirachulukira ka mitundu yambiri sikumachitika kawirikawiri, ndiko kuti, kukumba mpesa, ndi kumalumikiza kumtengo wakale wobzala mitengo ya zipatso zina, chisanu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Pakufalikira, mbewu yatsopanoyi imasamutsa zonse zomwe chitsamba chomwe kudulidwamo kudula, chidutswa chotalika cha mpesa kapena mtengo umodzi womangiriridwa.
Kufalitsa mphesa podulidwa: njira yopezera poyambira
Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa mphesa ndi kutchera mitengo yodula ndi mizu yake. Ndiosavuta kuchita kotero imatha kulimbikitsidwa kwa woyamba kumwa mphesa. Zowona, zosavuta - sizitanthauza "mwaokha", ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito molimbika, komanso kwambiri. Choyamba muyenera kupita kwinakwake kapena kugula zodulira zomwe mwasankha ndikuyamba izi zosangalatsa.
Kudula kumakololedwa, monga lamulo, m'dulidwe wa nthawi yophukira ya mphesa kapena pang'ono kale - masamba atasiya kukhala obiriwira weniweni, ndiko kuti, masamba ayandikira kutha, ndipo mphukira zakupsa ndipo zalemekezedwa momwe zingathere. Ndikosatheka kusiya zodulidwa masika: sizikudziwika zomwe zidzachitike nyengo yozizira, momwe tchire limapulumukira chifukwa cha chisanu.
Mukatumiza zodulira zisaiwale kusaina
Zodulidwa zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka pakati penipeni pa mtengo: pamwamba nthawi zambiri samakhwima, ndipo mmunsi mwake mumakhala masamba ochepa olimba. Mpesa wakucha kwathunthu wokhala ndi ming'alu ina, koma osasweka. Zidulidwa zimadulidwa "ndi malire", ndiye kuti, ndi maso a 6,6, ngakhale kuti mwachindunji kuti akula mchaka adzafunika theka kutalika. Ndikwabwino ngati mulifupi wawo osachepera 5 mm, ndipo mphukira yomwe amadulidwayi yakula nthawi yonseyi kutalika mpaka theka ndi mita.
Nthawi zambiri, kudula kumafunika kokha kumapeto kwa dzinja, ndipo isanafike nthawiyo iyenera kusungidwa bwino. Mutha kuwasunga mufiriji, ngati pali malo, koma ndikosavuta m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Kutentha kwabwino kumazungulira +1 zaC. Asanatumize m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, zodulidwazo zimanyowa kwa maola 1-2 mu 1% yankho la ayironi ndi tsiku m'madzi oyera. Sungani m'matumba apulasitiki, ndikungosiyirani kunja kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, umphumphu umayesedwa ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, umatsuka kapena kupukuta kokha kuchokera ku nkhungu wapezeka. Pankhani ya kuyanika - zilowerere.
Kubzala mitengo yodula nthawi yomweyo
M'madera otentha, mutha kubzala mitengo yolimidwa mwachindunji m'munda. Nthawi zina zimabzalidwa ngakhale pambuyo pa nthawi yophukira, zimangokhala ndi masamba owuma kapena nthambi za spruce. Ngati mumabzala zodula m'nthaka yabwino, zimamera mosavuta ndipo zimayamba kukula ndikutentha kwa kasupe. Kuti muchite izi, kudula ndi masamba atatu m'dzinja kumayikidwa pafupifupi pansi, ndikungosiya mphukira imodzi pamwamba pa nthaka. Koma mpaka masika, impso iyi imaphimbidwanso ndi dziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri, kuti ateteze kutentha ndi chinyezi, mulu wozungulira umaphimbidwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki, ndipo kasupe amapangidwa kuti amatulutsire mphukira yachinyamata. Ikakhala yotentha ndipo phesi limayamba kutaya masamba ndikuyamba kukula, filimuyo imachotsedwa, ndipo mtunda umachotsedwa.
Nthawi zambiri, kudula m'munda m'malimwe. M'madera apakati, kuthekera kokuchita bwino kwa kubereka kotereku ndikochepa, ndipo kumwera kwa Marichi, pomwe dziko lapansi limatentha mpaka 10-12 zaC, zodulira zomera chimodzimodzi monga kugwa, mutatha kukonzekera kwambiri. Choyamba, kudula komwe kumachotsedwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kumatsitsidwa, ndiye kuti malekezero onsewo amawadula ndikuwanyowa masiku angapo m'madzi oyera.
Kenako, m'munsi, pangani kudula kosakhazikika pansi pa impso, ndipo kumtunda kumadulidwa mwachindunji, masentimita atatu pamwamba pa impso. Amawayika mumtsuko, madzi amathiridwa masentimita 4-5 ndikukhala m'malo otentha mpaka mizu itatuluka. Madzi amasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuwonjezera kuti mulimowo ukhale wosasintha. Ngati matenthedwe amadzi mu banki amayambira 25 mpaka 30 zaC, ndipo m'dera la nsonga za zodula 5-7 madigiri otsika, pambuyo pa masabata atatu ma tubercles oyera azidzawoneka pazodulidwa pamwamba pa madzi.
Mizu saloledwa kukula, ndipo ngati nyengo ilola, kudula ndi mizu kubzalidwa mozama m'mundamo. Munjira iyi, sizikupanga nzeru kupanga zodula zazifupi: mutha kuwabzala ndi masamba 6, mizu yolimba. Ndikukonda kutuluka mchaka, masamba awiri amasiyidwa pamwamba pa nthaka. Thirani madzi bwino ndikusunga dothi. Ngati chisanu chikuwonekerabe, kuphimba ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.
Ndikwabwino kubzala cuttings m'mundamo ndi mizu yaying'ono
Poyamba, zodulidwazo zimakula, koma masamba amatulutsa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Ndipo nthawi ikayamba kutentha kwambiri, mphukira (imodzi kapena ziwiri, simukuyenera kusiya zochulukirapo, ngakhale zitawoneka) zimakula msanga. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mmera wabwino umakula kuchokera kudulidwe. Ngati chidebecho chidabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo, m'nthaka yothilitsidwa bwino komanso kabowo komwe adakumba kale, mutha kusiya mbewu pano. Koma nthawi zambiri amamuika kumalo okhazikika, atakonzera dzenje pasadakhale molingana ndi malamulo onse.
Kukula mbande zodulidwa kunyumba
Monga lamulo, makamaka nyengo yamkatikati mwa malo oyambira, mphesa kuchokera kudula zimayamba kukula kunyumba. Amachita izi m'magulu osiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri mumanyowa utuchi pamakhala dothi laminda. Nthawi zambiri, pali njira zambiri zokulira mbande kuchokera kuduladula, aliyense amadzisankhira yekha, mwa lingaliro lake, losavuta. Ntchito imayamba mu Okutobala. Zodulidwa sizimatidwa, zotetezedwa, kutsukidwa ndikuyang'ana kuti ziwone ngati yasintha bwino.
Pa dzanja, khungwa limakungidwa pang'ono. Ngati ali ndi moyo ndipo amatha kupatsa moyo ku chomera chatsopano, padzakhala nsalu yobiriwira pansi pa khungwa. Mtundu wina sukutanthauza kupambana: tsinde silinasinthe.
Chubuki amadulidwa kuchokera kudulidwe zabwino: Ili ndi dzina lomwe mwatsopano limatchedwa kuti kudulidwa ndi masamba atatu. Sitiyambitsa mawu osafunikira, tiziwalola kudula mdziko lathu, makamaka chifukwa cha masamba abwino, ziwiri ndizokwanira kubereka. Mukasiya impso zopitilira zitatu, muyenera kuyika zidebe zonse kunyumba, izi sizofunikira.
Zigawo zam'mwamba ndi zotsika zimapangidwa, monga tanena kale: m'munsi mumakhala oblique, kumtunda kumakhala kowongoka ndikuyika zodula kwa masiku 2-3 mumadzi osamba (makamaka chipale chofewa). M'malo mwake, zodula zokhazikika bwino zingabzalidwe nthawi yomweyo mumakonzedwe okonzeka ndi gawo lapansi. Mwina adzakulirako. Koma pofuna chitetezo, nthawi zambiri amachita mosiyana:
- Kuzungulira impso zakumaso kumayikidwa zipsera zazitali zosapumira "kwa mbewu".
Kokani ndi chida chilichonse chakuthwa.
- Pamwamba pa chogwiriracho chimakutidwa ndi varnish ya m'munda kapena pulasitiki.
- Ikani zodulira mu mtsuko wa lita, pomwe zosanjikiza pafupifupi masentimita 5 zimathiridwa madzi owiritsa ndipo mapiritsi awiri amoto oikidwa amayikidwa.
- Amayika chotchinga pafupi ndi batire yotenthetsera kuti madzi akhale otentha (osapitirira 30 zaC), ndi nsonga za zodula m'malo ozizira.
- Sungani madzi, nthawi zina amasinthidwa kwathunthu.
Mizu idzawonekera pamphepete mwa madzi / mpweya
- Ngati zonse zidayenda momwe ziyenera kukhalira, patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi amabzala mitengo yodula ndi mizu (mpaka 3c kutalika) m'miphika.
Zosavuta kwambiri monga miphika ndi mabotolo apulasitiki amodzi ndi theka okhala ndi odulidwa ochepa. Pansi pake pokhapokha muyenera kupanga mabowo angapo kuti muchotse madzi owonjezera ndikuyika ngalande zazing'onozing'ono kapena mchenga wowuma. Mchenga wosakanizika ndi dothi labwino la dothi (1: 1) amaonedwa kuti ndi dothi labwino kwambiri, koma okonda ena amachita ndi utuchi, amangoyikidwa kaye madzi otentha. Kupitiliza kwa ntchitoyi kumawoneka motere:
- Thirani gawo lapansi m'mabotolo kuti phesi, lomwe likhala pansi ndi mizu, litulutse pamwamba pa chidebe ndi impso imodzi.
- Dzazani gawo lapansi mosamala, osaphwanya mizu yovunda kwambiri. Ngati pali impso zitatu, yapakati imatsala kumanzere / mawonekedwe amlengalenga. Ngati awiri, pamwamba akhale pafupifupi 1 cm pamtunda.
- Ngati masamba sanaphuke, valani kubzala ndi matumba apulasitiki.
- Ikani zotengera pazenera zowunikira pa firiji.
- Madzi othilira nthawi ndi nthawi, koma pang'ono: kuthilira madzi kumavulaza kuposa kuchulukitsa nthaka m'nthawi yochepa.
- Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, masamba mwachidziwikire akamakula, ikani mtsuko wamadzi pamlingo wawo ndipo pang'onopang'ono amazolowera zidutswazo kukhala zopanda thumba.
- Ngati zenera lili kumpoto, mutakulitsa masamba kuwonjezera kuwala: konzani nyali ya luminescent kapena phytolamp pamwamba pa mphesa.
- Pakatha mwezi umodzi, amadyetsa zidutsazo ndi Novofert kapena Azofoska malinga ndi malangizo.
- Pafupi ndi chilimwe, kuumitsa kumachitika, ndikubweretsa mbande zamtsogolo pa khonde. Kuyambira pakati pa Meyi amatha kale kukhazikika pa khonde.
Osawopa ngati mphukira sizikula: chinthu chachikulu ndi mizu yamphamvu
M'pofunika kunena kuti gawo loyamba la ntchito zomwe zimafotokozedwa (kumera m'madzi musanapangidwe zodulidwa) sizokakamizidwa, okonda ambiri amabzala zodula mumchombo ndi gawo lapansi komanso popanda mizu, ndikukula pamenepo. Kusankha uku, ndikosavuta, pazovuta zina: ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa chinyontho, kuwala ndi kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu ya mphesa yomwe imakhala yopanda mizu, ndipo kwa iwo ambiri sadzagwira ntchito.
Vidiyo: Kumera kwa zodula mu utuchi
Kufalikira kwa mphesa ndi masamba obiriwira
Kukula mbande kuchokera kudulidwe wobiriwira ndizotheka kwambiri kwa zitsamba zambiri, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mphesa. Kumbali imodzi, iyi ndi njira yosavuta: imachitidwa m'chilimwe, ndipo palibe chifukwa chokwanira kuyambitsa nyumba ndi mabanki, ndipo kusungidwa kwa zodulira m'chipinda chapansi panthawi yozizira sikufunikiranso. Komabe, ndikutheka kumera mmera kuchokera ku tsinde lobiriwira pokhapokha ngati muli ndi wowonjezera kutentha womwe muyenera kukhalabe ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, kuswana koteroko ndikoyenera kwa mafamu a nazale a mafakitale, komwe kuli zida zapadera zopangira chifunga chowumbirira pamalo osungika. Maluso a zochita ali motere:
- Konzani kama pabedi. Danga loyera 4-6 cm cm limatsanulidwa pamtunda wothiriridwa bwino.
- Chomera chozizira ndi nthenga chimayikidwa pabedi kuti chizipeza madzi ochepa atomedwe.
- Koyambilira kwa chilimwe, nthawi yamaluwa, kudula kwa masamba obiriwira achinyamata kumadulidwa m'mawa. Zodulidwa zabwino kwambiri zimakhala ndi malo awiri (ndikadali kovuta kuti muziwatcha impso), kuchokera pakatikati pa mphukira.
- Zidula zimayikidwa mumbale ndi madzi. Ngati sizotheka kubzala nthawi yomweyo, khalani pamalo abwino.
- Pangani mabala owongoka ndi lezala lakuthwa, pamwambapa komanso pansi pa mfundozo.
- Tsamba pansi limadulidwa kwathunthu, theka lapamwamba. Apanso, odulidwawo amawanyowa kwakanthawi m'madzi.
Shank iyenera kukhala ndi ma internodes awiri, koma tsamba limodzi lokha
- Wodula wobzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha malinga ndi pulani 10 x 10 cm osaya: mulingo womiza kwambiri mumchenga ndi 3 cm.
- Mothandizidwa ndi kuyikapo, kupendekera kwakanthawi kochepa kumachitika, kuimitsa njirayi usiku.
- Dothi losasangalatsa.
- Monga mizu, kuchuluka kwa kusefukira kumacheperachepera.
Chifukwa chake, tanthauzo la njirayi ndikuti zodulidwa zobzalidwa nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunikira chinyezi (pafupifupi 80%, ndipo kutentha - mpaka 100%) ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 30 zaC. Kenako pakatha mwezi ndi theka, zimakula bwino ndipo zimaphukira mpaka 30 cm, zitadulidwa zimayamba, kenako ndikuziika kusukulu. Mwachiwonekere, m'makomo a chilimwe wamba, kufalitsa mphesa zodulidwa zobiriwira ndizovuta kwambiri, koma okonda amayesa, ndipo ena amatha.
Kanema: Kumera masamba obiriwira kunyumba
Kufalitsa mphesa pokumba mpesa
Zitsamba zambiri zimafalikira ndikuyala, ndiye kuti, pokumba m'njira imodzi kapena nthambi zina (mphukira). Njirayi ndiyotheka pankhani ya mphesa, ndipo mutakwanitsa bwino mu chirimwe chimodzi, mutha kupeza mitengo yamphesa zingapo. Mwanjira imeneyi, mitundu yosakhazikika nthawi zambiri imayesedwa kuti ifalikire. Popeza mbande zamtsogolo, kwenikweni, zimadyera mizu ya tchire, zimakula bwino ndipo zimapanga mizu yamphamvu.
Kugwetsa mphukira yolira
Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nthawi isanayambe. Sankhani mphukira zamphamvu za chaka chatha. M'malo oyenera amakumba pansi mozama, mpaka theka la mita, dzenje, kuchokera kuchitsamba kukafika komwe adzafuna kukumba mpesawo. Mwachilengedwe, kuthengo mwachindunji sikuyenera kukhala lakuya kwambiri kuti lisawononge mizu. M'nthaka, pansi pomwe, kutsanulira dothi lophatikizidwa bwino ndi humus ndi superphosphate ndikuyika mphukira. Iyenera kuwerama mosamala kuti isasweke, ndipo mutha kuyilumikiza pansi pa dzenjelo ndi chidutswa cha waya wowongoka kapena kungophwanya ndi mwala wolemera.
Sikovuta kufalitsa mtengo, koma uyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti usaswe
Komwe kudzakhala chitsamba chatsopano, mpesawo umapindika, kutulutsidwa ndikumangidwa pamtengo. Chotsani maso onse omwe ali pachitsamba mpaka pamalo pomwe panali. Akatswiri ambiri kumayambiriro kwa mphukira, pafupi ndi chitsamba chamanthu, amakoka mwamphamvu ndi waya, kuti kumapeto kwa chaka ndizosavuta kupatula mbewu yatsopano. Dzenje pang'onopang'ono limakutidwa ndi dothi komanso madzi okwanira. Monga lamulo, mizu yabwino imamera m'malo otetezeka pachaka, ndipo kumapeto kwotsatira mbewu yatsopano imasiyanitsidwa ndi amayi.
Kugwetsa mphukira yobiriwira
M'nyengo yotentha, mu June kapena Julayi, mutha kukumba mphukira zamtundu wanthaka mwamphamvu chaka chino. Chitani izi chimodzimodzi, kubweretsa pamwamba pa mphukira ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu. Ngati mphukirayo ndi wautali kwambiri, utha kupindidwa ndi "sinusoid", ndikuwunikira maulendo angapo. Magawo onse otsala pansi panthaka ayenera kulumikizidwa pansi pa dzenje ndi ma Stud.
Ngati dothi sililola kuti liume nthawi yotentha, chifukwa mitundu yophukika bwino ndi kasupe wotsatira mutha kupeza tchire zingapo mwanjira iyi.
Kuchita "Chinese" layering
Chinese amatchedwa layering, anachita kwathunthu kuyika lignified mphukira pansi. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika kuti mitundu yosayambira bwino kwambiri ikhale. Pakugona kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, sankhani mphukira yayitali yomwe ili kumapeto kwa chitsamba. Amakumba mpaka mu dzenje ndi kuya kosaposa masentimita 20. Komanso m'nthaka yothilitsidwa, ndikuyikhomera mpaka pansi pa dzenjelo. Koma dzenje silikudzazidwa kwathunthu: dothi losanjikiza pamwamba pa mpesa limapangidwa koyamba osaposa masentimita 5. Ndipo ngati mphukira zatsopano zimatuluka mu masamba ndikukula pang'onopang'ono dothi limawonjezeredwa mu dzenje. Nthawi zonse khalani prikop m'malo onyowa.
Nthawi zambiri mphukira zatsopano zimamera kuchokera ku impso iliyonse; m'dzinja, dulani bwino mpesayo ndi kudula m'mitundu ingapo yatsopano. Komabe, kuti izi zitheke, muyenera kupereka gawo la mbewu, kuchepetsa katundu pachitsamba cha mayi. Ndikofunikira kutuluka mchilimwe osati masango ena owonjezera, komanso masitepe onse ndi gawo la mphukira yachinyamata.
Vidiyo: Kuyika mipesa yobiriwira pansi
Kufalitsa mphesa pomalumikiza
Monga mitengo yambiri yazipatso, mphesa zimatha kumanikizidwa. Katemera sichovuta kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, pamtengo wa apulo, koma si mitundu yonse yomwe imagwirizana, ndipo kupambana kulikonse sikotsimikizika. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti muwerenge mabuku musanayambe opareshoni, kuti muwone kuti ndi mitengo iti yayikulu ikalumikizidwa. Ngati simunapeze zidziwitso zotere, mutha kuyesa chabe.
Ankalumikiza ndi wamba monga Ankalumikiza
Pankhani ya mphesa, njira zonse zodziwika ndikumalumikiza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (kugawaniza, kukopera, kuphukira, ndi zina), koma kuchuluka kwa zosankha ndikokulirapo. Gwiritsani ntchito zodula zonse za chaka chatha, ndikumadulidwa ku mphukira za chaka chamawa. Onsewo pothawa muyezo kapena chaka chatha, komanso kuthawa kwawo chaka chamawa. Chifukwa chake, mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofananamo: "wakuda mpaka wakuda", "wakuda mpaka wobiriwira", etc. Palinso katemera wa desktop, yozizira.
Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, katemera "wakuda bii wakuda" amachitika mchaka, pamene masamba achangu sanayambe. Scion ndi odulidwa odulidwa mu kugwa ndikusungidwa kuzizira. Kwa inoculation yotere, masamba omwe adulidwa ayenera kutupa pang'ono. Imachitika ndi njira zobwereza. Sankhani zodula zomwe ndizoyenera kuti zikhale zowombera, kuti zilowerere, gwiritsani zigawo zokhazokha pazogwirira ndi chitsa, kulumikizana ndikumangirira malo olumikizidwa. Pamene mphukira zatsopano pazodulidwa zikula mpaka 25-30 masentimita, kutsina.
Pankhani ya katemera wakuda-wobiriwira, zodula chaka chatha ndi masamba odzutsa zalumikizidwa kumtundu wachinyamata wamphamvu wobiriwira wamakono. Katemera wotere nthawi zambiri amachitika mwa njira “yogawanika”. Ndizotheka munthawi yonse yomwe mukukula, pomwe nkotheka kusunga zodulidwa zoduladuka zomwe zimakololedwa m'dzinja.
Ankalumikiza chitsamba chakale ndikothekanso pamene dothi lakumtunda lakuzunguliridwa koyambirira koyambira; Ankalumikiza pansi pamtunda, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njira “yogawanika”. Amapangitsa kuti ikhale yakuya pafupifupi masentimita 15. Tsinde limayikidwa kwathunthu ndi dziko lapansi.
Vidiyo: Kulumikizana mphesa mu shtamb
Kubata, ndiye kuti, katemera wa impso, umachitika pa mpesa wobiriwira mu June kapena Julayi. Monga pamitengo yazipatso, ndikotheka kukhomera impso pamtanda wa khungwa popanga makatani osiyanasiyana: Wopangika, wamtali, mumkati, etc. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito ulusiwo amakutidwa bwino ndi filimu, ndipo mwezi ukatha impso imayamba bwino.
Kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane kwa njira zophatikiza mphesa ndizosatheka pankhaniyi, koma ndizokwera mtengo. Mukawerengera pang'ono ndikuphunzitsani pang'ono, wolima munda aliyense waluso kwambiri posamalira mitengo ndi zitsamba azitha kubzala mphesa.
Mphesa ndi mpesa, koma, kwenikweni, ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi tchire la zipatso zambiri, ndipo njira zake zofalitsira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana, mwachitsanzo, currants. Cholinga - kupeza mmera watsopano - chitha kuchitika ndi njira zodziwika bwino: kumera kudula, kuyala, kumezanitsa. Kuchita ntchito zonsezi kumakhala kotheka ngakhale kwa novice, ndipo ngati poyamba ndizowopsa, muyenera kungoyesa.
