Kumapeto kwa nyengo ya chilimwe muyenera kusamalira nyengo yoyenera ya mitengo, tchire ndi zomera. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kwa mphesa, chifukwa ndi chomera chokonda kutentha chomwe chimafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Tiyeni tione momwe tingakonzekerere mphesa m'nyengo yozizira.
Asanayambe kukonzekera (kugula mitengo)
Mutatha kukolola mphesa, masamba otsiriza adzagwa kuchokera ku mpesa wake - mukhoza kuyamba kudulira. Madzi mumphesa amasiya kusuntha kwathunthu atatha kugwa masamba onse m'dzinja. Panthawiyi, mutha kuyamba kuchotsa mphukira zowonjezera, ndikusiya masamba okhawo omwe amabala zipatso chaka chamawa. Musaiwale kudula nthambi zomwe zowonongeka, odwala, osweka, ouma, kapena okalamba.
Kudulira mphesa nayenso m'malo ovuta kwambiri ndikusowa luso ndi chidziwitso, kotero tikambirana za nkhaniyi. Pano, kudula nthambi zina pa chitsamba chiyenera kutchulidwa kokha chifukwa ngati mukukonzekera kugwilitsila ntchito nyengo ya mphesa, motero kumateteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ndiye ziyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha mutadula mpesa.
Kuti mukwaniritse zokolola zamtengo wapatali ndi zokoma, werengani zambiri za dongosolo la kudulira mphesa mu kugwa.
Kupopera mankhwala motsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo
Kupopera mphesa kumalo osungirako nyengo yozizira kumachitika pofuna kupeza mipesa ku tizirombo, matenda omwe "amamatirira" ku shrub mu kugwa, pamene akuwonekera kwambiri ku chikoka cha kunja. Zopindulitsa winegrowers amalimbikitsa kuchita kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa mpesa kuti njira zothandizira kuti zitha kuvulaza zomera.
Mutha kuchitira munda wamphesa ndi mankhwala alionse omwe sungapweteke, koma muyenera kutsuka mosamalitsa chitsamba chilichonse. Mwachitsanzo Mungagwiritse ntchito pokonza:
- mkuwa kapena sulphate yachitsulo;
- hydrated laimu;
- Bordeaux osakaniza.
Komanso, anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe amene amadalira njira zamakono feteleza ndi mankhwala owerengeka.
Mukudziwa? Malinga ndi zakudya zamtundu, kupatulapo mafuta, mphesa ziri pafupi kwambiri ndi mkaka.
Fungicides
Mafungicides ndi mankhwala a matenda a fungal. Iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu viticulture monga zodalirika, njira zotsimikizika ndi yotsika mtengo zomwe zidzasungira zokolola zamtsogolo.
Anakumana winegrowers amene amalima chomera kwa zaka, Musati mulangize kukolola mphesa mu kugwa musanafike malo osungirako nyengo yozizira ndi chitsulo cha sulfate. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti, ngakhale chitetezo cha tizilombo, chitsulo cha sulphate chimachepetsa kwambiri chitetezo cha mbewu ku chimfine, munda wako wamphesa ukhoza kungokhalabe m'nyengo yozizira. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira ya mphesa ndi sulphate yachitsulo sikuyenera kuchitidwa popanda chofunikira kwambiri, ndi bwino kuigwiritsa ntchito masika. M'chaka, mlingo wa ferrous sulfate popopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 500-700 g pa 10 malita a madzi ofunda.
Onani mitundu yamphesa yotchuka kwambiri: Centenary, Crimson, Valiant, Taiga, Krasnostop Zolotovsky, Arochny, Riesling, Yoyamba Kwambiri, Yokongola ndi Tason.
Processing mphesa mu kugwa chisanakhale nyengo yozizira ndi mkuwa sulphate ayenera kuchitidwa motere. Mwamsanga musanayambe kumwa mankhwala, sungani theka la chikho cha mankhwala (kapena 100 g) mu chidebe cha madzi ndi mphamvu ya pafupifupi malita 10. Gwiritsani mkuwa sulfate granules bwino mpaka utasungunuka kwathunthu m'madzi. Gwiritsani ntchito malita awiri pa chitsamba.
Chithandizo chotsatira ndicho Bordeaux osakaniza omwe ndi fungicide yomwe ingagulidwe ku sitolo iliyonse yosungira zomera. Koma ndi bwino kuphika pakhomo. Zomwe zinachitikira agronomists-winegrowers amalimbikitsa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mpesa ndi mmodzi peresenti yankho la Bordeaux osakaniza, popeza yaikulu ndende mosavuta kutentha mpesa. Pofuna kukonzekera zosakaniza, tengani kapu ya hafu ya sulphate yamkuwa ndi pang'ono kuposa theka la kapu ya laimu, kukoketsani zonse mu chidebe cha madzi. Pambuyo pake, mukhoza kuyamba kukonza. 
Njira yakale komanso yothandiza yotetezera mphesa ndizosafunika hydrated laimu. Poyamba, konzekerani yankho lofulumizitsa, titsani chotsani m'madzi (2 malita a madzi kufika 1 makilogalamu a laimu mosasinthasintha), ndiye kutsanulira 10 malita a madzi ndikusakaniza yankho. Pezani burashi kapena tsache, perekani yankho ku chitsamba chilichonse ndi nthambi ya mphesa. Njira yowonongeka yotereyi idzateteza chomeracho ku nkhungu ndi mildew mpaka kumapeto, ngakhale ngati kutentha kumawonjezeka. 
Ndikofunikira! Sitiyenera kuiwala kuti tchire tiyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi fungicides mu zovala zapadera, kupeŵa kukhudzana ndi khungu ndi maso.
Mankhwala a anthu
Pali mankhwala ena omwe angathandize kuteteza mphesa kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi bowa mu kugwa, iwo anapangidwa zaka zoposa 1,000 za viticulture.
Ngati mukufuna kuteteza zomera kuchokera powdery mildew - tengani udzu watsopano, Ikani mu mulu ndikudikirira mpaka nkhungu imvi imaonekera pakati pa mulu wa udzu. Kenaka ikani udzu mu chidebe cha madzi, kuyambitsa ndi kukhetsa. Kenako perekani madziwa ndi mpesa. 
Mukhoza kudziteteza ku kangaude ndi njira iyi: Thirani 2 kg zazitsamba zobiriwira za mbatata ndi 10 malita a madzi otentha. Pambuyo pokonza wothandizila, yambani ndi chitsamba.
Ndikofunikira! Kuteteza zomera kuphulika kwa mildew ndi odium - kupopera munda wamphesa motere: "Folpane", "Ridomil", "Efal", "Cartocide".Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera ayodini 5% mu lita imodzi ya madzi, mutha kuteteza mpesa kuchokera ku imvi yovunda, koma njirayi iyenera kuchitika kawiri.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli ndi njira yothetsera vuto la anyezi. Pofuna kukonza machiritso amenewa, tsanukani theka la chidebe cha anyezi ndi madzi, wiritsani kwa mphindi 20 ndipo mulole kuti apange maola 24. Kenaka yikani ku njira ya madzi 10-lita imodzi voliyumu, kuwonjezera 20 g uchi, kuyambitsa yankho ndikukonzekera mpesa nawo.
Mphesa wamphesa
Mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwake, amalima awa amalangiza kuti aziphimba m'nyengo yozizira utangotha masamba. Njira yosavuta yodzaza tchire ndi dziko lapansi, yomwe imadulidwa kale ndi yokololedwa mphesa imayikidwa mumadzimita osaya masentimita 30 ndipo imakhala ndi masentimita 20 pamwamba pake. Musaiwale kuti nthaka iyenera kuchotsedwa kumtunda, kuti asadziwe mizu yake. Komabe, njira iyi ndi yoipa chifukwa madzi amvula angathe kutsuka pogona, zomwe zingayambitse chisanu.
Mukudziwa? Mphesa yamphesa imakhala pafupi makilomita 80,000 pa Earth. Kuchokera kukolola, 71% amapita ku vinyo, 27% idyetsedwa mwatsopano ndipo 2% okha amapanga zoumba.
Ngati kutentha kwanu kumasintha nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chipale chofewa chimasungunuka ndi kuzimitsa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezereka.
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti munda wamphesa ukhale wabwino, werengani momwe mungagwirire mphesa m'nyengo yozizira molondola.Phimbani mpesa ndi mankhwala apadera: agrofibre ndi acrylic. Ndikofunika kuphimba mpesa ndi mizu, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizira. Gwirani mphete, kuphimba mphesa ndi udzu, tchire la tomato kapena zomera zina.
Phimbani chitsamba chonse ndi filimu, mutseke m'mphepete mwake (ndi njerwa kapena dziko lapansi). Firimuyi ikhoza kubwezeretsa slate. M'chaka, chotsani filimuyi kapena kuchoka pamphepo, chifukwa tchire silingathe.
Gwiritsani ntchito zikopa zoterezi kuti mupange mpweya, kenaka chititsani mapeto ndi dziko lapansi ndikuzaza dziko lapansi. Kupanga uku adzakutumikira kwa zaka zambiri, mwamphamvu kugwira chipale chofewa.
Ndi njira iyi yomwe mphesa zingathe kupulumuka mosavuta m'nyengo yozizira. Ndipo adzakondweretsani inu kumapeto kwa masamba ake obiriwira, ndipo m'chilimwe idzabala zipatso zochuluka.
