Arabis (lat. Arabis), kapena rezha - udzu wofatsa wa banja Cruciferous kapena Kabichi. Kumene dzinali limalumikizidwa ndi matanthauzidwe a "Arabia" kapena "Arabia", malinga ndi zolembedwa zina - ndi "arabos" achi Greek omwe amatanthauzira kuti "kupera".
Madera akumapiri a ku Europe, Central ndi East Asia amadziwika kuti ndi kwawo. Amamera m'malo otentha a mapiri a ku Africa, komanso nyengo yotentha. Dzinalo lachiwiri - duwa lidaperekedwa kuthengo chifukwa cha tsitsi lolimba, masamba amtsitsi amtundu wobiriwira komanso khungu lowala.
Amabzala paliponse m'mabedi osiyanasiyana amaluwa. Maluwa amakula ngati pachaka komanso ngati osatha.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a arabis
Maonekedwe ake, ndimtchire lokwawa lomwe limakhala lalitali mpaka masentimita 30. Pamtunda chivundikiro chomwe chimatenga mizu mosavuta ndi masamba omwe amawoneka ngati mitima. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amatengedwa mu mawonekedwe oyera, ophatikizidwa burashi-mtundu inflorescence.
Mtunduwu ndi osiyanasiyana: pinki, yoyera, yofiirira, yachikaso. Amamasuka nthawi yayitali komanso mokondweretsa, kuphatikiza kununkhira komwe kumakopa tizilombo tambiri. Monga mmera wonse wopachika, maluwa atapangidwa maonekedwe a nyemba, mbewuzo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe, mwa mitundu ina ya arabis amakhala ndi mapiko.
Zomera zomwe zikukula nzomera ndizosavuta, chifukwa chake ndizodziwika kwambiri ndi wamaluwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pokongoletsa mabedi a maluwa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya arabis: Caucasian, alpine ndi ena
Pazomera zamaluwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa imagwira ntchito, ina mwa mitundu.
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Kutalika onani | Zosiyanasiyana | Masamba |
| Alpine (Arabis alpina - Arabis flaviflora) | Kugawidwa ku Far East, kumpoto kwa Scandinavia, ku Polar Urals, m'malo okwera a North America ndi Western Europe. Kubwezeretsa nthambi kumatha ndi nthambi zomata zapanikizika ndi nthaka. | 35 | SchneeShaube. Maluwa oyera. Kutalika mpaka 25 cm, 2 cm. Kutalika kwa burashi wa maluwa ndi 15 cm. | Mawonekedwe ozungulira a masamba oyambira amayambira ndi tsinde - losesa-zingwe. |
| Terry. Maburashi akuluakulu okhala ngati dzanja lamanzere. Imafika 20 cm kutalika komanso 2 cm mulifupi. Kutalika kwa burashi wa maluwa ndi 12 cm. | ||||
| Pinki. Maluwa apinki. Kufikira 35 cm. | ||||
| Thupi lotentha. Masamba oyera oyera, maluwa onunkhira, mbewa zoyera-ngati chipale. Kufalikira ndi mbewu. | ||||
| Bruise (mabungwe achi Arabis) | Madera a Alpine a Albania, Greece ndi Bulgaria. Maluwa osatha, oyera, 3-6 a iwo amapanga burashi wa corymbose lotayirira | 10 | Osatulutsa. | Wamng'ono, wopangika ndi dzira, wokhala ndi villi yosalala wophatikizidwa m'matumba. |
| Caucasus (Arabia ya Caucasica) | Osatha, odziwika kuyambira 1800. Kugawidwa ku Caucasus, Crimea, Mediterranean, Central ndi Asia Minor. Maluwa a mtundu wabwino, wokhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 1.5 cm, bulashi la maluwa mpaka masentimita 8. Pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa June, ena mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Chipatsocho chili ngati mawonekedwe cheni chopapatiza. | 30 | Kugwidwa kwanyama. Amaluwa mokongola, pamilambo yayitali maluwa obiriwira. | Wamng'ono, wobiriwira wonyezimira, wamtali, wokutira m'mphepete, wamtundu wakuda wa siliva. |
| Variegata. Masamba achikasu tint m'mphepete, maluwa oyera. | ||||
| Rosabella Maluwa apinki. | ||||
| Grandiflorose. Maluwa opaka, mabisiti ophika. | ||||
| Schneehaube. Chitsamba chochepa, choyera, maluwa awiri. | ||||
| Wothamanga Padziko Lapansi (Oweruza achi Arabis) | Kugawidwa ku Balkan. Maluwa atha. Kuyesedwa kulimbitsa malo otsetsereka. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, osadzitchinjiriza, koma makamaka pogona. | 12 | Variegata. Maluwa mumtundu wa gulu, pang'onopang'ono amakhala opepuka. | Zocheperako, momwe mawonekedwe. Mtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi malire oyera oyera m'mphepete |
| Wotsika (Arabis pumila) | Kugawidwa ku Apennines ndi Alps. Maluwa oyera, owoneka bwino, opanda zokongoletsera zokongoletsa, amatulutsa mu Meyi kapena June. Mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa. | 5-15 | Osatulutsa. | Zosavuta zazing'ono zazitali, zokhala ndi udzu. |
| Chakudya cham'mawa (Arabis androsacea) | Imapezeka m'mapiri a Turkey pamtunda wamtunda wa 2300. Maluwa oyera. Burashi ngati chishango chololeka. | 5-10 | Mtundu wocheperako, wozungulira, wokhala ndi nsonga yosongoka, wopanga ma rosette. | |
| Ciliary (Arabis blepharophylla) | Imamera m'mapiri a California pamtunda wa mamita 500. Pachikuto chomata chokhala ndi mulitali wa masentimita 25. Maluwa ofiira amtali wakuda. | 8 | Njira Yotumizira. Masamba odala, maluwa ofiira owala a pinki. | Mtundu wobiriwira. |
| Frühlingshaber. Masamba ang'ono, maluwa apinki. | ||||
| Ferdinand wa Coburg Variegat (Arabis Ferdinandi-coburgii Variegata) | S bush-evergreen bush, m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 30. Maluwa oyera. Maluwa ataliatali. Kupirira kutentha dontho pa ntchito yokonza ngalande zodalirika. | 5 | Osatulutsa. | Mithunzi yobiriwira yokhala ndi malire oyera, achikaso kapena apinki. Macheke mu mawonekedwe a volumetric mapilo amayamikiridwa. |
| Arends (Arabis x arendsii) | Wosakanizidwa wopezedwa podutsa m'chipululu cha Caucasian ndi Obrician chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. | 10-20 | Mwatsopano Volumetric inflorescence, maluwa kuchokera ku kuwala kupita pamtunda wakuda wamtali. | Mitundu yobiriwira, yokhala ndi kupindika m'mtima wamtali. |
| Frosty adadzuka. Maluwa rasipiberi okhala ndi toni yabuluu. | ||||
| Nyimbo. Maluwa mu mitundu yowala. | ||||
| Rosabella Masamba amtundu wowala wobiriwira wophatikiza ndi masamba amchere amchere. |
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Tekinoloje yaulimi ya arabis ndi yosavuta, ingokumbukirani zina mwazinthu zina.
Kukula arabis kuchokera ku mbewu
Nthawi zambiri, kubzala kumafalikira ndi njere. Njira zabwino kwambiri ndizofikira m'dzinja m'nthaka. Kumayambiriro kasupe, kufesa kumachitika mu mbande zakonzedwa mwapadera zodzaza ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi mchenga kapena miyala yamiyala. Mbeu iliyonse imayalidwa mpaka kufika pakuya kwa 0.5 cm.
Mbewu zimasiyidwa m'chipindamo ndi kutentha kwa +20 ° C, yokutidwa kuti isunge chinyezi. Pambuyo kumera kwa masamba oyamba, pothawirako amachotsedwa. Kukonzanso mbande kumafunikira malo otentha, opepuka.
Palibe chifukwa choti kuyanika kwa dothi kuvomerezedwe. Kwa izi, kuthirira panthawi yake ndikumasula mosamala kumachitika.
Pakulima kamodzikamodzi ngati chomera chimodzi, mbande zokhala pamiyeso zobzalidwa mumiphika yokonzekereratu, chifukwa chikhalidwe chophimba pansi chimadzimbira pansi ndikutali kwa masentimita 30. Musanadzalemo mbande mumsewu, kukonzekera kumafunika. Tenthetsani kwa masiku 10-12, m'mawa musiyeni kwa maola 1-2 pamsewu, kupatula zolemba.
Tikukula arabis panja
Kubzala maluwa m'mundamu kumachitika masamba awiri. Nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Meyi-kuyamba kwa Juni. Mukulima, malo abwino ndi opumira amaisankha. Dothi lonyowa, lamchenga komanso kuwonjezera kwa zowonjezera zilizonse kuti zitsime zabwino ndizoyenera.
Kuti mutukule bwino komanso kuwonetsa zabwino kwambiri zokongoletsa, ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze nthaka ndi michere ndi michere. Pa dothi wowawasa, wowolayo samva bwino ndipo samayenda bwino.
Mbande za Arabisa zimakonda kukula pakati pa miyala pamtunda wa alpine roller. Dongosolo lodzala maluwa ndi 40x40 cm.Ngati zochulukitsa, mbewu 3-4 zimayikidwa bwino. Amayamba maluwa kwa zaka ziwiri.
Arabis imawonongeka mosavuta pakugulitsa. Chifukwa chake, malamulo angapo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa:
- kukumba mabowo obzala ndi akuya masentimita 25;
- dulani nthaka ndi chitsamba mpaka kunyowetsa pang'ono;
- kumasula pansi ndikumenya mbewuzo ndi mtanda wonse;
- ikani dzenje, owazidwa ndi dothi, pofinyirirani ndi kumata ndi madzi.
Kusamalira arabis m'munda
Kudyetsa kumachitika kamodzi pachaka ndikuyamba kwa nyengo yokukula. Ikani feteleza wama mchere. Kuwonjezera kompositi kapena manyowa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayambitsidwanso musanazime muzu.
Nyengo, tchire limatsina kuti lipange mawonekedwe okongola. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula, nthambi zakale zimachotsedwa ndipo nthambi zazitali zimadulidwa. Ndi kukula kwa mphukira wachichepere, maluwa achiwiri ndi otheka.
Mphukira zazitali zokhazokha nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mbewu.
Njira zolerera arabis
Zodula 10 cm kutalitali mutatha kuyeretsa kumatsukidwa masamba otsika. Kenako pamtunda wa 45 ° iwo amabzala m'nthaka ndi mchenga. Pakadutsa masiku 20, pamene muzu wokhazikika umapezeka, onani boma la kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Kuyika komweku kumathandizidwanso ndi njira yokhazikitsira magawo. Tsinani gawo la kukula kwa tsinde, pansi, tilindikizani ndi kuthirira madzi onse chilimwe. Mukugwa, mmera wabwino ndi chomera cha uterine zimasiyanitsidwa.
Arabis pambuyo maluwa
Maluwa amatulutsa kwa masiku 15-30 kumayambiriro kwamasika. Ngakhale kumapeto kwa maluwa, mbewuyo imasungabe mawonekedwe ake okongola. M'nyengo yotentha, arabis amathiridwa madzi moyenera ngati kuli kotentha. Mu Seputembala, maluwa mobwerezabwereza amatha kuuluka mphukira zazing'ono.
Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, nthangala zakhwima zimachotsedwa. Mabulashi athunthu azithunzi amadulidwa ndikusiyidwa kuti akhwime m'malo opanda mthunzi, kutentha kwa + 20 ... +23 ° C. Zikauma kwathunthu, mbewu zimapunthwa. Sungani pamalo owuma, amdima.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Mbewuyo imakhala yolimba nthawi yachisanu, koma nthawi yotentha yokha imatha kutulutsa bwino. Chifukwa chake, pamafunika njira zapadera zosungira zokongoletsera zake. Tchire limadulidwa kutalika kwa 3-4 masentimita ndikuphimbidwa ndi masamba agwa kapena zida zina zofananira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga mbewu zonse zamaluwa, chitsamba chimatha kugwidwa ndi matenda ndipo zimagwidwa ndi tizirombo.
| Matenda / tizilombo | Zizindikiro | Njira zoyendetsera |
| Wachilengedwe Mose | Amatha kukula masamba pamasamba. | Osati kuchitiridwa. Kumbani ndi kuwononga chitsamba. |
| Tizilomboti tambiri | Maonekedwe a mabowo mumasamba. | Kuthana ndi Intexicides:
|
A Dachnik akuvomereza: arabis pakupanga mawonekedwe
Chomera chofatsa chimadziwika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito anthu onse. Chitsamba choyambira chimakhala chosavomerezeka ndipo chimadziwika ndi kukula msanga, chifukwa chake, kwa nthawi yochepa chimapanga makona obiriwira pomwe mbewu zina zambiri sizimatha kukhazikika. Amakhala momasuka pamaluwa, pakati pa mitengo ndi zitsamba m'munda. Chofunika kwambiri si maluwa okha, komanso masamba owerengeka.
Nthawi zambiri, Arabis imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana phiri laphiri, pomwe ndilabwino pakati pa miyala. Mizu yolimba imalowera mu dothi, yobzalidwa pamalo ouma a casing ikhoza kukongoletsa.
Mukabzala, kumbukirani chikondi cha ma Arabis a dzuwa ndi kuwala. M'dera lowunikiridwa, tchire limakongoletsa kwambiri, maluwa akutuluka bwino. Mthunzi, chomeracho chimakulitsidwa modabwitsa. Mukabzala pamaluwa amaluwa, zimadziwikanso kuti ma arabis amawoneka bwino m'mabowo m'mizere yokhazikika, komanso marigolds, marigold, nasturtium, alissum.
