Zipatso - chomera chobiriwira ku madera otentha. Akuyang'ana mtundu wa Citrus. Amakula ku United States, Mexico, Caribbean, Argentina, China, m'mayiko angapo ku Middle East. Kutchuka kwakukulu kwa citrus iyi kunabwera m'zaka za m'ma 2000, pamene mafashoni pa zakudya zamphesa anaonekera. Lero amayesa kukula mtengo uwu kunyumba. Pa zovuta za m'munda ndi phindu la zomera izi zidzanena m'nkhaniyi.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Mtengo uwu wobiriwira, monga lamulo, umakula kufika mamita asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu (6) mamita asanu ndi awiri. Koma pali zitsanzo zapamwamba mamita 13 mpaka 15. Mwala wa mtengo uli wandiweyani, wozungulira, nthawi zina umagwirizana. Masambawo ndi obiriwira, amakhala ndi ovate, mawonekedwe oblongola, kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 15. 
Mtengo ukuphulika mu zoyera. Maluwawo ndi aakulu, ndi awiri a masentimita asanu, pyatilepestkovye. Zipatso zamtengo wa zipatso zimakhala zowonongeka, ndipo zimakhala zowonongeka mpaka kufika masentimita 10-15. Khungu lawo ndi lolemera, mpaka 1.5 masentimita, zamkati zimakhala zosauka, zokhala ndi mthunzi wowawa.
Tsopano pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya zipatso zapamtengo, zomwe zingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: zoyera (kapena zachikasu) ndi zofiira. Kale, thupi liri ndi tinge wachikasu, ndipo mmapeto pake, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe: chofiira ndi zamkati, zotsekemera.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la Chingerezi lamtengo wapatali (mphesa) limachokera ku kuphatikiza mawu awiri: mphesa (mphesa) ndi chipatso (chipatso), chifukwa chakuti zipatso za mtengo wa zipatso zimamera m'magulu, monga mphesa.
Alipo chipatso cha mpesa. Iye, monga mbale wake wam'tchire, ali ndi masamba obiriwira, amangofika mamita awiri okha. Mbali ina ya iyo - tizitsamba tating'ono pa nthambi. Maluwa ndi zipatso ndi zofanana. Mphepete mwa chipatso cha chipatso cha chipinda chakumwa chimagwa mu November.
Mankhwala amapangidwa
Mavitamini m'mphepete mwatsopano wa pinki:
- Riboflavin (B2): 0.02 mg;
- ascorbic acid (C): 44 mg.
Mchere wamtengo wapatali wa pinki:- calcium: 9 mg;
- chitsulo: 0.2 mg;
- magnesiamu: 12 mg;
- phosphorus: 15 mg;
- potaziyamu: 162 mg;
- sodium: 1 mg;
- Zinc: 0.05 mg.
Chakudya chabwino ndi kalori
Chakudya chamtundu uliwonse pa 100 g ya zipatso zokongola za pinki:
- madzi: 86-89 g;
- mapuloteni: 0,5 g;
- mafuta: monounsaturated (0.013 g), polyunsaturated (0.024 g);
- Zakudya: 9.2 g
Mphamvu yamagetsi: 39 kcal / 163 kJ.Phunzirani zambiri za phindu lopindulitsa la zipatso monga: Lychee, Suite, Longan, kumquat, actinidia, loquat, zizifus, physalis, mandimu ndi okra.
Zothandiza
Ma antioxidants mu citrus akhoza kuchepetsa makilogalamu. Zokwanira kudya zipatso 1 patsiku, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi nthawi zonse. "Zakudya" zimenezi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu, omwe ali ndi matenda ozungulira.
Madzi a zipatso amatha kuonjezera mchere wa m'mimba, choncho ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito kwa iwo omwe amavutika ndi asidi otsika. 
Inositol (vitamini B8) imalepheretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta ndi poizoni m'chiwindi, komanso kumathandizira kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza m'thupi.
Naringin imachepetsa njira zamagetsi, zimapangitsa matumbo kukhala bwino, amatha kuyamwa. Ndi chinthu ichi chomwe chimathandiza kutaya mapaundi owonjezerawo.
Mphesa yam'mimba imakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha shuga, chomwe chimakhudza kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.
Ndikofunikira! Muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamadya mphesa ndi mankhwala ena. Zachigawo zingapo za zipatso zimayamba kugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala, zomwe zingayambitse kupitirira. Choncho, muzochitika zotero, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Kuchokera ku mbewu za chipatso chodzazidwa ndi antimicrobial ndi antitifungal katundu. Chifukwa chaichi, nthawi zambiri amawonjezera mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chochotsedwa ku mafuta chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu cosmetology ndi perfumery. 
Kukula
Mphesa zam'maluwa zimakula nthawi zambiri kuti azikongoletsera peranda kapena munda wachisanu. Nthawi zambiri pazinthu izi amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu "Dukan" ndi "Marshal".
M'chilengedwe chake, chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse chimadziwika ndi nyengo yozizira ndi masiku ambiri a dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyesa kumulengera microclimate yabwino kunyumba.
Malamulo obwera
Mu mphesa iliyonse yamtengo wapatali, yomwe idagulidwa mu sitolo, ili ndi mbewu zokwanira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumera.
Ndibwino kuti musankhe zipatso zabwino zokoma ndikupeza mbeu zingapo zazikulu za mawonekedwe abwino. Kukonzekera kwapadera musanabzala mbewu sikufuna. 
Mbeu zosankhidwa zimamizidwa mu gawo lapadera la citrus ku 2-3 masentimita. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Ngati sizingatheke kugula gawo lapansi, ndiye kuti mukhoza kusakaniza mchenga ndi dothi kapena maluwa okongola ndi peat ndi mchenga, ndikuyika mbewu mu chisakanizo ichi. Kuti apange tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo kuti tiyambe kumera, mwala wamtengo wapatali uli ndi thumba kapena galasi. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Ikani mphika pamalo otentha kwambiri.
Nthawi yooneka ngati mphukira yoyamba imadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya citrus ndipo imatha kuchokera pa sabata imodzi mpaka miyezi yambiri. Mukangoyamba masamba, chotsani mphika kuchokera ku cellophane kapena galasi ndikuisiya mu chipinda chowala, koma pamalo omwe mazira sangathe kufika pamphika.
Mtengo ukakula mpaka 10-13 masentimita, umayenera kuikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu. Mukasamukira, samalani ndi mizu - ndi yovuta kwambiri komanso yofooka. 
Ngati mwasankha kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha mitengo ya citrus kapena simukudikira nthawi yaitali mpaka mphukira ituluke, ndiye kuti mukhoza kubzala zipatso za zipatso.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za ulimi wokhala ndi zipatso za citrus - poncirus wa masamba atatu, mandimu, calamondin, mandimu, mtengo wa lalanje ndi Chimandarini, komanso matenda ake ndi tizirombo.
Zili zofunika kutenga mitengo yobala zipatso. Oyenera kubzala cuttings ayenera kukhala oposa 10 cm m'litali. Chimabzalidwa mumchenga wouma popanda mtsinje, poyamba unatetezedwa ndi mankhwala otsekemera ndi madzi otentha.
Mapepala otsika kwambiri ayenera kudula. Kuti mphukira ifulumire, kudula kwake kumatha kusinthidwa ndi kampeni yapadera kuti ikule mwamsanga. Limbikitsani mphukira m'nthaka ndi masentimita 2. Ndibwino kuti muzitsamba kudula mu mphika, koma mu botolo la pulasitiki mudulidwire.
Pansi, pangani maenje ang'onoang'ono kuti azitsanulira, ndi pamwamba - kuphimba phesi. Ikani mtengo wamtsogolo mu malo ozizira, otentha, madzi nthawi zonse. Kubwezeretsa mtengo ukhale pa maonekedwe a mizu.
Kuunikira ndi kusankhidwa kwa malo
Zipatso za mpesa ndizo za zomera zokonda kuwala. Zimakhala ndi maola 10-12 tsiku lowala, choncho zimalangizidwa kusakaniza ndiwindo kuchokera kumadzulo, kum'maŵa kapena kumadzulo, kapena pa khonde. Ngati n'zotheka kuyika chomera kumbali ya kumpoto, ndiye kuti kuzungulira iwe uyenera kuyatsa nyali zowonjezera. Zidzakhala zofunikira pa nthawi ya kuchepa kwa masana.
Ndikofunikira! Mtengo suwukonda pamene umachoka kumalo kupita kumalo kapena kumangotembenuka. Ikhoza "kukhumudwa" ndi kutaya mbali ya masamba, mtundu kapena ovary.
Kusakaniza kwa sapling
Kupopera mbewu zamphesa ndikofunika kuti apange tizilombo tomwe timapanga. Kupopera mtengo, mumathamanga mozungulira, zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti masamba adzataya pang'ono chinyezi chifukwa cha nthunzi kuchokera pamwamba pawo.
Kusamala kwakukulu kuyenera kulipidwa kwa mitengo yokhazikika kapena yokhazikika. Mitengo yotereyi ndi yovuta kwambiri kusintha kwa nyengo.
Ndibwino kuti spray citrus tsiku ndi tsiku 2-3 patsiku ndi madzi kutentha.
Chitsulo ndi feteleza
Nthaka yabwino kwambiri ya chomera ndi osakaniza a sod, nthaka yothira ndi humus, peat ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1: 1: 1. Onetsetsani kuti mukufuna kusowa kwa dothi, miyala kapena thovu. Amaphimba pansi pa mphika mumtali wa masentimita 5-8.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira, yotenthetsa mpweya wabwino komanso yokwanira ya macro-micronutrients. Chinthu chofunikira pa kukula kwabwino ndi chitsulo. 
Choncho, mukhoza kuyika misomali yochepa pansi pa mphika. Musalole kuti nthaka ikhale yodetsedwa ndi calcium: chinthucho chimalepheretsa kulowa muzitsamba.
Kutentha
Mbeu zofesedwa mwatsopano ziyenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa 25 ° C ndi pamwambapa. Muyeneranso kuwateteza ku ma drafts. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ziphuphu zidzakula bwino pakhomo. Chinthu chachikulu - musalole kutsogolo kwa dzuwa. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimakhala bwino mu chipinda chowala, chokoma ndi kutentha kwa 5-6 ° C ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi.
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Ngati m'mphepete mwa masamba amayamba kuuma, zikutanthauza kuti chomeracho chimasowa chinyezi ndipo mpweya uli m'chipinda chouma kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuti chinyezi cha mlengalenga chikhale chonchi: chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 50-60%.
M'nyengo yozizira, ndikwanira kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata. M'chilimwe - nthawi zambiri, 2-3 nthawi kwa masiku 7. Kuchuluka kwa madzi osowa kwa ulimi wothirira kumakhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu. Ngati mutathira madzi ambiri, ndiye kuti akuyenera kudutsa.
Mutha kukhala ndi chidwi kuti muwerenge momwe mungapangire ulimi wothirira bwino wa mabotolo a pulasitiki ndi manja anu, komanso phunzirani za ubwino wothirira madzi.
Onetsetsani mmene nthaka ilili pansi pa mtengo. Ngati zouma ndi kuumitsa pamwamba, ndiye patatha masiku angapo mukhoza kuthiranso. Musalole mizu yovunda. Mphesa yamphesa imakhala yovuta kwambiri pamadzi - si abwino madzi a chlorinated. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi otentha kapena amvula, kutentha pang'ono. Pazoopsa kwambiri, yiritsani madzi a matepi ndi kuwalola kuti aziziziritsa, kapena muwalole kuti ayime masiku angapo.
Kuwaza
Zipatso zamtengo wapatali zimaikidwa chaka chilichonse. Mukangowonjezera mumphika, m'pofunikira kubzala mtengo mu chidebe chachikulu. 
Ngati munabzala mbewuyi pamtundu waukulu kwambiri umene mungathe kuugula, ndiye tsopano kawiri pachaka muyenera kuchotsa dothi la pamwamba, ndipo m'malo mwake muzitsanulira nthaka yatsopano yosakaniza ndi humus.
Izi zidzabwezeretsanso malo osungirako mchere.
Timapereka
Mwa kumtengako chipinda cha mitengo ya citrus mukhoza kubweretsa kuyamba kwa nyengo yawo yobala zipatso. Kuphatikizidwa kumatha kutengedwa kuchokera ku mtengo wofanana wa zipatso, kapena kuchokera ku mtundu wina.
Kawirikawiri kumtengowo "peephole" kapena kudula. Nthawi yabwino ya katemera ndi kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa April mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, pamene kayendetsedwe kake kamatuluka. N'zotheka katemera mu August. Chinsinsi cha "opaleshoni" yabwino ndi ukhondo, mofulumira, molondola. Poonetsetsa kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino kwambiri, muyenera kukonzekera zinthu zonse zofunika.
Kwa "diso" la inoculation, sankhani impso zokhutira kwambiri, yang'anani mosamala ndi khungwa ndikuyiyika pamzuzi (mbewu yomwe ikulowetsedwa). Onetsetsani kuyesa kuphatikiza zigawo za cambium za katundu ndi scion.
Chotsani pamwamba ndi tepi yapadera ndikuphimba ndi cellophane. Impso imatha patatha masabata angapo. Inoculation yopambana idzawonetsedwa ndi petiole ya chikasu. 
Mukamalumikiza kudula pamtengowo, dulani nthambi yomwe yapulumutsidwa kale ku dothi. Pangani odulidwawo osakanikirana. Kenaka, pangani kotenga nthawi yaitali pamakungwa kuchokera kudulidwa pansi ndi 1.5-2 masentimita. Chotsani makungwa pang'ono ndikuyika kudula mudulidwe.
Limbikitsani khungwa kubwerera ku nthambi ndikukulunga malo opatsirana ndi tepi yapadera. Pangani kachipangizo kakang'ono ka microclimate ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi muzimitsa malo oti "opaleshoni". Kupambulitsidwa bwino kwa machitidwewa kudzasonyezedwa ndi masamba a yellowed ndi ogwa kuchokera ku kudula. Ngati iwo anauma ndi kutembenuka wakuda, ndiye palibe chinachitika.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mabala a mphesa ndi zofiira zamagazi, scytworm ndi mealybug. Maonekedwe a mliri uwu akuwonetsedwa ndi masamba a chikasu, maonekedwe ake, kugwa. Pa masamba ochokera kumbali ya pansi apo amawoneka mabowo ang'onoting'ono, ofanana ndi mabowo omwe amachokera ku singano. Brown kapena imvi-bulauni madontho ang'onoang'ono amatha kuwonekera - awa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Masambawa ali ndi ubweya woonda kwambiri.
Kugonjetsa chigamulochi kumathandiza kusintha:
- Sopo yankho yotengedwa kuchokera ku 30 g sopo ndi dontho la mbale detergent; zonse zimasakanizidwa mu ndowa imodzi ya madzi;
- yankho la mafuta ochepa a rosemary mafuta ofunikira mu madzi okwanira 1 litre;
- kumwa mowa (calendula tincture).
Werengani zambiri za momwe mungagwirire ndi nyerere ndi zishango pazipinda za nyumba.
Mu njira iliyonse yotsatiridwa, phula la thonje lamatsuka ndipo chomera chonsecho chimafafanizidwa nacho, tizirombo ndi zowonongeka zimachotsedwa.
Ndiye mukhoza kupopera mtengo ndi njira yotsalira. Ngati mankhwala osamalidwa kunyumba sangabweretse zotsatira zoyenera, muyenera kugula mankhwala m'masitolo ogulitsa.
Kawirikawiri mtengo wamphesa umakhudza matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo kapena fungal. Izi zimaphatikizapo gommoza, kapena mankhwala othandizira. Zimakhudza makamaka makungwa pamunsi pa chomeracho. Icho chimangomwalira mwamsanga ndipo chimatha, ndipo mmalo mwake kuwala kobirikasu kumawoneka.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, khungwa la matenda limadulidwa ndipo malo okhudzidwawo amachiritsidwa ndi munda wa Bordeaux.
Kukula mavuto
Mphesa yamphesa ndi chomera chosavuta komanso chosadziwika bwino, choncho mavuto onse omwe angabwere pamene akulima amakhala ogwirizana ndi kusasamala nyengo. Choncho, ngati m'nyengo yozizira, pamene chomeracho chiyenera "kupumula", kutentha kwa chipinda chidzakhala chokwera kwambiri, ndiye kukula kwa mtengo kungayambirane, komwe kumadzetsa kutopa kwake.
Mukudziwa? Dzina loyamba la mphesa linali "chipatso choletsedwa". Anaperekedwa ndi wansembe wa botanist wa ku Welsh Griffiths Hughes mu 1750.
Kulephera kutsatira malamulo a kuthirira kumabweretsa kugwa kwa masamba, maluwa ndi zipatso. Popanda kudya bwino, sipadzakhala kukula kwakukulu.
Zipatso zosungiramo zipatso
Zipatso zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kukhwima kumakhudza moyo wa alumali: zipatsozo zikapsa, sichitha. Ndi bwino kusunga mphesa mufiriji. Zikakhala zoterezi, zimatha kwa masiku khumi, kenako zimayamba kuyanika ndi kutaya kukoma kwake. 
Ngati mukufuna kusunga zipatso za m'tsogolo, mutengere zipatso zachisawawa, kuziyika m'chipindamo ndi kutentha kwa 7 mpaka 12 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 85-95%. Zikatero, zipatso zamphesa zimakhala zoposa mwezi umodzi.
Monga mukuonera, n'zotheka kukula mphesa kunyumba, koma ndizovuta komanso zopweteka kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuyembekezera zoposa chaka chimodzi mpaka mtengo ubale chipatso. Ndipo zisanachitike, muyenera kumusamalira, ngati mwana.
