Maluwa otchedwa kasupe wam'maluwa amasangalatsidwa ndi kukongola kwake. Mitengo ndi zitsamba, zowirikira mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zisiyeni zosaoneka. Koma ngakhale kumbuyo kumeneku, maluwa aamaluwa atatu omwe akufalikira amawoneka ngati mfumu yeniyeni.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Mitengo ya amondi atatu (dzina lina ndi luisings zitatu) ndi ya Plum (Prunus), a m'banja la Rosaceae. Poyamba, mtundu uwu wa botani unali wosiyana ndi mtundu wina wa Louiseania. Dziko lake ndi China ndi Korea.
Mukudziwa? Malinga ndi buku lina, mawu akuti "amondi" amachokera ku Chigriki "amygdalos", kutanthauza "mtengo wokongola".Ichi ndi chomera cha bichromatic maluwa, chimapezeka mwa mawonekedwe a shrub, ndi mawonekedwe a mtengo wawung'ono. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mamita asanu. Masamba ali ovate, otetezedwa atatu pamapeto. Maluwa a Terry amatha kufika masentimita asanu. Amabwera mumithunzi yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku pinki yopera mpaka kapezi. Maluwa amayamba mu May ndipo amatha kufika kwa masabata awiri (zimadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera). Zipatso ziri zofiira, kuzungulira, zimakhala za mtundu wa "drupe", mumalo ozizira omwe sangathe kuphuka. Iwo ali osakwanira.
Zipatso zosawerengeka zimakhalanso ndi zomera monga honeysuckle ndi ficus.
Mafomu ndi mitundu
Mitundu imeneyi yakhala ikulimidwa ngati chomera chokongola. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yobiriwira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluŵa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso nyengo yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa yakhazikitsidwa.
Luiseania mawonekedwe
Kwa zokongoletsa munda, okonza mapulani a malo ndi wamaluwa ali ndi mwayi wosankha chimodzi mwa mitundu iwiri ya luiseania - mtengo kapena shrub. Mitundu yonseyi ili ndi nthambi yamphamvu.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mwina otchuka kwambiri m'kalasi yathu yapamwamba ndi "Kuthamangitsidwa." Ndi shrub yomwe ili kufika mamita awiri mu msinkhu. Maluwa gustomahrovye pinki. Maluwa amatha pafupi masiku khumi. Zosiyanasiyana "Chisangalalo" chingakhale mtengo komanso shrub. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, maluwa amenewa amapezeka ndi maluwa akuluakulu a pinki. "Chimwemwe" amatanthauza mitundu yoyambirira, chomera chimayamba kuphulika mu April. Zochititsa chidwi zosiyanasiyana "Snow Uemury". Ichi ndi mtengo kapena shrub, womwe umatalika mamita atatu. Maluwa ake akuluakulu awiri amakhala ndi mtundu wofewa wofewa, womwe pang'onopang'ono umalowetsedwa ndi kirimu.
Mukudziwa? Kalasi "Snow Uemura" inatchulidwa ndi munthu wotchuka wothamanga wa ku Japan, yemwe adamwalira akukwera phiri la McKinley - chipilala chachikulu cha kumpoto kwa America.
Kwambiri okongola kuwala mitundu osiyana kalasi "Kapezi". Iwo ali ndi mtundu wofiira wofiira. Mbewu yokhayo ili ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba chochepa ndi mphukira zolunjika. Zosiyanasiyana "Vesnyanka" zimawoneka ngati mtengo wa plamu. M'chaka chiri ndi lalikulu beige-pinki maluwa. Mbali yake yochititsa chidwi ndikumenyana kwambiri ndi monilial kutentha (moniliosis).
Kumene Ammond Akukula
Mitengo ya amondi itatu yokhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kusankha malo odzala, chifukwa chitukuko chokhazikika ndi chosavuta kusamaliranso ndikofunika kuti malo oterewa akhale ndi zifukwa zina. Izi ndizofanana ndi mitundu yonse ya amondi ndi shrub.
Kusankha malo ndi kuunikira
Malo am'munda wa amondi sayenera kusefukira kumapeto kwa nyengo; Kupatulapo, madzi okwera kwambiri ndi osafunika kwambiri. Ndifunikanso kuti malowa adziwotchera ndi kutetezedwa ku mphepo.
Kukula nthaka
Zokwanira kwa zomera ndi kuwala loamy nthaka ndi ofooka zamchere anachita. Zochepa zoyenera kwa iye ndi lolemera dongo dothi.
Kubzala malamulo mbande
Pakuti chodzala akuonedwa kuti ndizopambana zaka zitatu za mbande. Pakuti kubzala kwawo kukonzekera dzenje pafupi ndi theka la mita mita. Kwa madzi abwino, pansi pa dzenje amadzaza ndi masentimita 15 a miyala kapena miyala yoyera komanso 200 g ya laimu akuwonjezeredwa. Mizu ya chomeracho imadzazidwa ndi chisakanizo, zomwe zigawo zake ndi mbali zitatu za nthaka, masamba a humus ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga. Nthaka kuzungulira mtengo ndi pang'ono tamped ndi kuthirira mochuluka.
Ndipo chifukwa chodzala zomera ngati viburnum, shadberry, peyala mitundu "Veles" ndi "Rogned", ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbande zitatu.
N'zotheka kudzala mbande zonse m'chaka, ndi kugwa. Kumapeto kwa nyengo amamera poika nyengo yofunda, pamene palibe chiopsezo cha chisanu. Mu kugwa, kubzala kwachitika patapita tsamba. Kudyetsa kwadzinja kumaonedwa kuti ndibwino kwambiri. Mukamabzala mitengo yambiri kapena zitsamba, mtunda wa pakati pawo umakhala osachepera mamita atatu.
Kufalitsa zomera
Pali njira zingapo zoberekera amondi atatu, munda wamaluwa ali ndi zambiri zoti asankhe. Taganizirani njira izi.
Kuchokera ku mafupa
Ndi njira iyi yobalana, chipatso cha mtengo ndi shrub chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengo wa zipatso wa amondi wabzalidwa pamtunda. Kuyala maenje kumapanga mu groove kuya kwa masentimita 10, pamtunda wa 10-12 masentimita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pambuyo potaya pansi ndi kuthirira, kubzala zakuthupi sikufunikira kusamalidwa kwina.
Pambuyo pakuyamba kwa mbande, nthaka yozungulira iyo imasulidwa ndi namsongole. Mphukira imapachikidwa kumalo osatha pamene amafika pafupifupi 50 cm mu msinkhu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pamtunda gawo 10 masentimita kuchokera mu khola la mizu, mphukira zowonongeka zomwe zawonekera zikudulidwa. N'zotheka kudzala mafupa awiri kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pa nthawi yokadza kasupe, mafupa ali osungidwa - amasungidwa m'firiji pa 3-5 ° C kwa miyezi inayi.
Kuyambira cuttings
Zogula katundu wa cuttings omwe amapangidwa kumapeto kwa theka la June. Kuti muchite izi, kudula mphukira za apical mphukira. Ayenera kukhala ndi zigawo ziwiri, kutalika kwa kudula ndi 15-20 cm. Kenaka, cuttings amaikidwa maola 24 mu kukula stimulator yankho, ndiye anabzala (cuttings amamangiriridwa mu gawo) mu wowonjezera kutentha. Amagwiritsa ntchito rooting gawo la mchenga ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2. Mizu yomwe imakula bwino imapangidwa pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, kenako kenako timaduli timasunthira kuti titsegule pansi, komwe zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chofunikirako, kenako zimakaikidwa pamalo osatha.
Kuchokera pa kuyika
Ndondomeko yoberekera kubzala kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambe maluwa kuwuka kwa nyengo yozizira dormancy. Nthambi zotsika zosamalidwa za mbeu zimagwedezeka pansi ndipo zimakhazikika pa malo awa. Mfundo yokonzekera imadetsedwa ndi dothi, kenako, imasamalidwa ngati sapling wamba - imamasula nthaka kuzungulira ndi kuthirira. Chaka chotsatira, zigawozo zimakhala ndi mizu, zimatha kukhala zosiyana ndi mbeu ya makolo ndikuziika pamalo abwino.
Mitengo yotereyi monga maula, currant, Kampsis, fir, viburnum, jamu, heather ndi cotoneaster kubereka mwa kuika.
Inoculation
Njira yoperekera imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kapena mu August. Kwa masitima amasankha kusagonjetsedwa ndi mazira amondi. Kugwiritsa ntchito maula, minga kapena plums kumaperekanso zotsatira zabwino. Kuphatikizira, gwiritsani ntchito phesi loongoka la amondi omwe anapanga maso ndi kudula masamba.
Nkhokweyi imachotsedwa ndi dothi ndipo kutengeka kwa mtundu wa T kumapangidwa pa khungwa pamwamba pa khola la mzuzi, makungwa odulidwawo amachotsedwa, chomwe chimatchedwa "chishango" chimayikidwa mmenemo, chimakanikizidwa pa makungwa ndi nthaka ndi tepi yokamatira kuti ikhale yodalirika. Chikopa ndi khungwa la makungwa omwe amadulidwa ku graft yomwe ili ndi impso. Iyenera kukhala yoyenera pansi pa makungwa a katundu. Ngati katemera ukuchitika m'chaka, ndiye kuti impso itatha mizu, tepiyo imachotsedwa. Pankhani ya katemera wa chilimwe, tepi yatsala mpaka masika.
Ndikofunikira! Zimakhulupirira kuti zokongola kwambiri maluwa m'mayambiriro oyambirira a almond atatu-amondi, izo zimayamba pamaso pa maonekedwe a masamba. Kumapeto kwa mitundu, maluwa imayamba ndi maonekedwe a masamba aang'ono ndipo amatha nthawi yayitali kuposa ya oyambirira - mpaka masiku 16.
Samalani amondi amtengo wapatali atatu
Kusamalira amondi n'kosavuta, koma kuyenera kukhala kozolowereka. Kutsegulira koyamba kwa nthaka yozungulira thunthu kuyenera kuchitidwa kumapeto kwa March. Njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwa nthawi zina 3-4 nthawi yonse yokula. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse pamunda.
Kuthirira
Maamondi ndi mbewu zosagonjetsa chilala, koma ngakhale izi, zimabereka chipatso chabwino ndipo zimakula ndi ulimi wothirira nthawi zonse. Ngati chomeracho chikubzala ndikukula m'nthaka ya mchenga, imayenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri kusiyana ndi zomera zomwe zimabzala pamtunda wamba.
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Kuti mbewu zopanda chilala ziphatikizepo chumizu, rasipiberi hussar ndi asilikali.
Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa pamene gawo la pamwamba la nthaka lidafalikira pafupi ndi masentimita 1 mpaka 5. Kenaka chidebe cha madzi chimatsanuliridwa mu mzere wozungulira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuthira madzi kumalowetsa ku mizu. Mbande zimamwetsedwa nthawi zambiri, kamodzi kamodzi masiku khumi ndi awiri. Ngati simungathe kuthirira madzi amondi nthawi yonse yomwe ikukula, muyenera kuyesa kukonza madzi okwanira nthawi yamasika ndi yophukira.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kuvala kaye kawiri kawiri kumakuthandizani kuti mukwaniritse maluwa okongola kwambiri a amondi atatu. Pakuyamba kwa masika, mtengo uliwonse kapena shrub ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi yankho la 1 makilogalamu a manyowa ndi 20 g wa ammonium nitrate, yomwe imachepetsedwa ndi 10 malita a madzi. M'kugwa, ndi bwino kuwonjezera sulphate ya potassium pansi pa rhizomes ya amondi mofanana ndi double superphosphate - pafupifupi 20 g pa 1 mita imodzi. m. Kuwonjezera apo, mu kugwa akufunika kuchepetsa mphukira zapachaka zomwe zinalibe nthawi yowuma.
Kudulira
Kudulira, zonse zoteteza komanso zokongoletsera (mdulidwe wa maluwa), amondi amalekerera bwino. Kudula mitengo yokhazikika kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa mbeu. Ndikofunika kudula mphukira pachaka, komanso matenda komanso osapatsidwa nthambi zonse.
Ndikofunikira! Mitunduyi imakhala yosasamala kwambiri ndi chisanu (imatha kupirira ndi -30°C), monga momwe nthawi zambiri zimakhalira, pomwe maluwawo amayamba kutuluka. Pang'ono ndi kutentha kwake, masambawa amatha kufa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a amondi ndi masamba a nsomba komanso aphid. Nzeru ingagonjetsedwe ndi chlorophos yankho (ndondomeko 0.15-0.3%) mwa kupopera mbewu. Potsutsana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, njira yothetsera sopo yapamwamba ndi yabwino pamtingo wa 200-300 g sopo pa 10 malita a madzi. Njirayi ndi sprayed ndi masamba okhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Mliri weniweni wamamondi ndi woopsa wa fungal matenda moniliosis (aka monilial burn), omwe zomera zimayesedwa ndi Bordeaux madzi tsiku lililonse masiku 15-20. Kuwonjezera pa mliri uwu, mitunduyi imakhala yovunduka, yomwe ingathe kuthetsedwa pokhapokha mutadula nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa m'nyengo yozizira kapena masika, mwamsanga mvula ikatha. Ndili ndi matendawa, ndikofunika kuteteza kutuluka kwa masiponji.
Choncho, amondi amtengo wapatali atatu sangatchedwe chomera. Mlimi amalimbana ndi mavuto ena akukula: kutengeka kwa nthawi yaitali kumapangitsa kuti matenda ena adziwe. Komabe, mavutowa ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndipo ayi, kubzala ndi kusamalira mtengo wokongola kapena shrub ndi kosavuta. Mphoto ya ntchitoyi idzakhala yopambana, yosakumbukira kasupe maluwa.
