Zowonjezereka, pa malo athu otetezeka akukhazikika. Zomera zazitsamba ndizomwe zimapereka chitsimikizo chabwino cha feteleza ndi njira zina zoperekera manyowa. Zikhalidwe zosiyana zimatha kugwira ntchito, koma rye ndilo lotchuka kwambiri.
Rye monga siderat: zinthu
Rye ndi chaka cha udzu cha banja losamalidwa bwino. Ali ndi ubwino wambiri womwe umakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito mbeuyi ngati feteleza. Choyamba, rye monga fetereza imadyetsa nthaka ndi potaziyamu, ndipo mizu, yomwe imatha kutalika kwa mamita limodzi ndi hafu, imamasula dziko lapansi, imapangitsa nthaka kupanga, chinyezi ndi kusinthana kwa mpweya ndipo imateteza kutentha kwa nthaka.
Rye likukula mofulumira kwambiri kubiriwira kwake, imakula bwino, imakhala yopanda ulemu, yosazirala (nyengo yozizira imayima mpaka -25 ºC). Ndibwino kuti mubzale ba rye m'nyengo ya kugwa, kuti ikhale yowonongeka pansi pa chipale chofewa, ndipo masika adzayamba kukula nthawi yomweyo chisanu chimasungunuka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa cholima nthaka ndi alimi. 
Kuonjezerapo, udzu umenewu ndi wachilengedwe - kubzala njuchi kudzalepheretsa namsongole. Monga nsomba, ndibwino kuti mubzalapo titatha anyezi, adyo ndi mbewu zowonongeka, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kusungunuka kwa maatodes ndi kuvunda m'nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Muzochita zaulimi, zidutswa zagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale. Ku Ulaya, phwando limeneli linachokera ku China, ndipo m'mayiko a Mediterranean, adawonekera kuyambira masiku a Greece wakale.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa rye monga siderata
Mbalame yozizira yofala, monga siderat, yathokoza chifukwa cha ubwino wambiri:
- mtengo wokwanira;
- kudziletsa pa kulima;
- Kutsika kwa dothi labwino (limakula palimodzi, mchenga, saline ndi nthaka yosauka);
- mizu yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imathandiza kuti zikhale zovuta kuti zikhale ndi zakudya zowonjezereka ndikuzisintha kuti zikhale zambiri kwa mbeu zambiri;
- pambuyo pa rye, mbewu zambiri za masamba zingabzalidwe (mbatata, tomato, nkhaka, maungu, zukini);
imakhala ndi chisanu, imaletsa nthaka yozizira;- amatha kuwonongeka, kudyetsa nthaka ndi potaziyamu, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous;
- amawononga mabakiteriya owopsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikubweza tizirombo (wireworms, nematodes);
- Kuyala msipu wachisanu monga tizilombo kwa zaka ziwiri kumachepetsa kukula kwa namsongole (kubzala nthula, chimanga, tirigu);
- Zitha kukhala chakudya cha ziweto (ngakhale kuti sizowonjezera thanzi, koma zasungidwa).
imakhala ndi chisanu, imaletsa nthaka yozizira;Ndikofunikira! Simungakhoze kubzala rye pakati pa mitengo kapena m'munda wa mbewu - izi zingachepetse zokolola.
Zomwe zimayambira kubzala tirigu ngati chomera chodabwitsa
Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito rye monga siderat, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yobzala komanso momwe mungabzalidwe. Mphamvu ya siderata imadalira zaka za mbeu - achinyamata ali olemera mu nayitrogeni, ndi okhwima - zinthu zakuthupi.
Pamene chodzala rye ngati siderat
Nthaŵi yobzala rye, mungasankhe aliyense - kuchokera pachiyambi cha chilimwe mpaka October. Koma, monga lamulo, chida ichi chimabzalidwa mutatha kukolola, pamene chiwembucho chimasulidwa.
Agrotechnics amanena kuti nthawi yabwino yofesa yozizira yozizira monga siderat ndi pakati pa mwezi wa August-pakati pa September.
Mukudziwa? Mawu akuti "munthu wobiriwira" ayankhidwa ndi J. Vilém wasayansi wa ku France kuyambira cha m'ma 1900.
Mmene kubzala rye, kubzala luso
Choyamba, sankhani malo omwe mukufuna kupanga chomera, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito feteleza ndi feteleza.
Monga feteleza wobiriwira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yabwino-mbewu zimakhala zochepa ndipo sizikusowa zovuta. Pamene mukukula rye monga siderata, zotsatirazi zikufalikira: mu njira yopitilira yokhala ndi mzere wa masentimita 15. Mbeuyi ndi 2 kg pa zana. Kufesa akuya - 3-5 masentimita, pa dothi lowala - mozama.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo kufesa, muyenera kusakaniza mbeu ndi nthaka, mwinamwake mbalame zidzasuntha mbewu zonsezo..
Ngati kufesa kumachitika pamanja, mlingo ndi mbeu imodzi pa 4 cm². Chifukwa chobiriwira kaundayi - 750 g peresenti. Ndikofunika kufesa rye kwambiri: m'chaka - kuti uime pamtambo, zikhoza kukhala zocheperako m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndi bwino kudzala rye monga tizilombo tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mbeu za chaka chatha - zatsopano sizinapite nthawi yokolola ndipo sizikhoza kukula.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, masamba okalamba amathyoledwa ndikuikidwa m'manda kwa milungu iwiri musanabzala mbewu yaikulu m'nthaka.
Manyowa obiriwira amatha kukula pokhapokha atakhala ndi malo osadziwika (chifukwa cha zokolola zam'mbuyo), komanso ngati mbewu yoyandikana nayo. Ndipo kwa nthaka yonse rye akhoza kufesedwa kwa chaka chonse.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji rye ngati siderata?
Zakudya, kuphatikizapo rye yozizira, zimadulidwa m'chaka, mpaka masentimita asanu amamasula nthaka ndikumala mbewu yaikulu.
Ngati rye limabzalidwa m'chaka, limakula ndi mbande. Pambuyo pake manyowa amakula ndipo amayamba kumeta minga ya mbeu yaikulu, iyenera kudulidwa. Nthaka mu bedi la munda imasulidwa (koma osati kukumba) ndi mulch ndi nsonga za rye.
Ndikofunikira! Mwamuna wobiriwira amafunika kudulidwa pang'onopang'ono, mwinamwake zimayambira zimakhala zowonongeka, ndipo kukulako kumatenga zakudya m'nthaka. Kuonjezera apo, mbeu yobiriwira, yobiriwira imatha kukhala namsongole.
Ngati rye idafesedwa ngati mchenga kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndiye kuti iyenera kuikidwa pansi musanakhale yozizira, mukakumba chiwembu chachisanu. Mpaka pano, rye lidzakhala ndi nthawi yosintha.Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti rye, monga feteleza wobiriwira, umataya pansi pokhapokha pali chinyezi, choncho manyowa wobiriwira ayenera kukhala limodzi ndi ulimi wothirira.
Mukudziwa? Pliny winanso analemba kuti: "Ngati rye lidakonzedwa pansi, ndiye kuti phindu la njira imeneyi lidzakhala locheperapo poyambitsa manyowa."
Rye ngati siderat nthawi ndi momwe kukumba
Ambiri akudabwa ndi nthawi yoyenera kukumba nsonga komanso ngati ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, malo omwe alimi anakulira akulima. Izi zimachitika nthawi yomweyo chisanu chimasungunuka kuti asiye chinyezi chokwanira m'nthaka.
Monga lamulo, alimi akuluakulu amalima 7-14 masiku asanayambe kubzala mbewu. Mukhoza kungodula zomera ndikuzisiya pamabedi pa masentimita 2-3. Njirayi ndi yabwino chifukwa imakupatsani kusunga miyambo ya rye, ndipo masamba a masamba omwe amawonekera amawoneka pamwamba.
Mwa njira Nthaŵi yabwino yoperekera rye ndiyo kukwaniritsa kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Panthawi imeneyi, mbewuyi idakali wamng'ono, ndipo yayamba kuchuluka kwa zakudya. Ba rye ndi yowonjezera, nthawi yayitali ikawonongeka. Pambuyo pa dothi ladothi ndi feteleza, nthawi imabwera pamene mukufunika kubzala mbewu.
Ngati rye likuyamba kutuluka, mukhoza kungoyima pansi ndikuisiya pansi, ndipo mukhoza kukumba pansi, pamene mphukira zatsopano zikuwoneka.
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsira ntchito sideratov, lamulo lalikulu liyenera kuganiziridwa - sizingatheke kudzala chomera kuchokera ku banja limodzi monga manyowa obiriwira pa tsamba ili. Matenda ndi tizilombo timene timakhala tikuzipeza m'nthaka.
Lamulo lina lofunika: winter rye ngati siderat silingakhoze kutchetchedwa chisanu - pambuyo pa chomera overwinters, chiwembucho chingakumbidwe ndi kubzala mbewu yayikulu. Mwa njira iyi, chitetezo cha nthaka ndi zakudya za zomera zamtsogolo zidzaperekedwa. Chinthu chachikulu - kumatsatira lamulo la "kusintha" zikhalidwe.
Monga mukuonera, manyowa obiriwira ndi mbewu zabwino zochepa zomwe zimapangidwira zowonongeka. Amachulukitsa chonde, amateteza namsongole ndi tizirombo, amasula nthaka. Ndipo kudziwa momwe mungabzalitsire manyowa wobiriwira ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mowonjezera kudzakuthandizani kupeza zokolola zambiri.
