Momwe mungapezere zokolola za mbatata zoyambirira - zabwino kwambiri, maonekedwe a kukula

Mbatata zoyamba! Ndani samakopeka kumsika kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June? Zodula kwambiri, koma muyenera kutenga zochepa kuti muchotseretu ludzu lanu lachinyengo choterechi.

Mapira oyambirira lero amasangalatsidwa ndi wamaluwa ambiri. Ndipo zosankha zawo ndi zomveka, chifukwa achinyamata tubers ndi zokoma kwenikweni, zomwe zili mavitamini ndi katatu kuposa mbatata yakale. Ndipo ngakhale kuti ndizovuta kukulitsa zoterezi, koma monga akunena, mapeto amatsimikizira njira.

Mbali za mbatata zoyambirira

Mitundu ya mbatata yoyambirira imasiyanitsidwa ndi nyengo yawo yochepa yochepa, yomwe ili masiku 40-50. Mbatata zoyambirira zimayamba kukula mwamsanga pamene kutentha kwa dziko lapansi kufika pa 10 ° C. Ndipo mutatha maluwa, zokolola zili zokonzeka ku msonkhano.

Pamwamba Maphunziro

1. Alyona - mchere wa mbatata, wokhala ndi zokolola za makilogalamu 170 mpaka 190 pa zana lalikulu mamita. Tizilombo tomwe timapanga mawonekedwe ofiira, kuwala kofiira. Kulemera kwawo ndi pafupifupi 80-150 magalamu.
2. Bwino - kuyamikira khalidwe labwino la kusunga. Ali ndi zokolola zambiri, pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu ku chitsamba chimodzi. Mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a oval, kuwala kofiira, kulemera kwake kumachokera ku 125 mpaka 250 magalamu.
3. Karatop - Mbatata yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mpaka makilogalamu 500 akhoza kukololedwa kuchokera ku chombo chimodzi. Maonekedwe a chikasu tubers ndi oblong-oval, wolemera makilogalamu 130. Kukaniza matenda: kuchepa kwachedwa, khansara.
4. Kamensky - zokolola zambiri, pafupifupi 180 makilogalamu zana. Zake zofiira, zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tubers ndizing'ono, osapitirira magalamu 100. Osatopa matenda a tizilombo komanso kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata.
5. Romano - wodzichepetsa kwa nthaka zosiyanasiyana, wolimba ndi chilala. Zokolola zazikulu - mpaka 430 makilogalamu zana. Tubers ndi ovunda, ofiira, masekeli 80-100 magalamu.
6. Gala - ali ndi zokolola zambiri, mpaka makilogalamu 600 pa zana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula bwino m'madera ambiri a Russia, kudzichepetsa komanso kupewa matenda. Mbalame yakuda, yozungulira yomwe imakhala yolemera mpaka 70 mpaka 120 magalamu.
7. Nevsky - mbatata yoyambirira yotchuka kwambiri. Kukonzekera kuchokera pa 370 mpaka 500 makilogalamu. Kulimbana ndi matenda. Amakula bwino muzochitika zonse. Ili ndi zipatso zokongola, zozungulira komanso zosalala za mtundu wachikasu.
8. Wofiira wofiira - okwera-ololera (mpaka 600 kg pa zana) kalasi. Oyenera pafupifupi madera onse a Russia. Zipatso zazikulu zofiira ndi thupi la chikasu. Mbatata misa kuyambira 80 mpaka 110 magalamu.

Zofunikira

Pobzala mbatata oyambirira ndi chisamaliro chotsatira iwo adzafunika zida zotsatirazi ndi zipangizo:

• mafosholo;
• sala;
• hoe;
• timitengo;
• chingwe ndi mzere wolemba;
• filimu ya pulasitiki;
• agrofibre.

Ntchito yokonzekera musanadzalemo mbatata yoyambirira pa siteti iyenera kuyamba mu kugwa.

1. Poyamba, nthaka iyenera kusamalidwa bwino 20-25 masentimita.
2. Pambuyo pake, manyowa. Ambiri wamaluwa amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano, omwe amakhala pa pereperet yozizira ndi kupereka dziko lonse zakudya zonse.
3. Chapakatikati mwa mwezi wa March, m'pofunika kuti mukhale ndi tubers ya mbatata oyambirira, osankhidwa chifukwa chodzala. Kuti achite izi, amaika mabokosi a matabwa m'chipinda chofunda ndi kutentha kwa +20 mpaka 25 ° C.

   Kubzala kungayambe pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mphukira zoyamba pa tubers. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika mwezi umodzi chiyambireni kumera.

Momwe mungakulire?

Oyambirira mbatata mwakula m'njira ziwiri: pansi pulasitiki Manga ndi agrofibre. Njira zolima zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndipo zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Ganizirani pang'onopang'ono njira zamakono zolima.

Werengani momwe mungamere mbatata kuchokera ku mbewu pano, ndipo mu nkhani ino mudzaphunzira za njira zatsopano zotsalira mbatata m'munda.

Pansi pa agrofiber

1. Gwiritsani ntchito mkaka kapena makoswe mosamala mukamasule mabedi. Dothi liyenera kukhala lofewa ndi lopanda, popanda mitsempha.
2. Ikani ndodo ziwiri zogwirizana wina ndi mzake ndi twine kumbali imodzi ya bedi. Kumbali inayo imamanganso timitengo 2 ndi twine ofanana. Mwanjira iyi, mukhoza kulemba malire a kubzala mbatata. Kenaka zingwe zonse 4 zimamangiriza pamodzi kuti apange rectangle.
3. Pangani pansi ndi khasu mizere yambiri yofanana yobzala, 10 mpaka masentimita 10-15 Kuti mbeu izi zikule bwino, mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ikhale pafupifupi masentimita 30.
4. Thirani mofanana phulusa laling'ono mu pulasitiki iliyonse, yomwe imateteza zomera ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
5. Chomera chinamera mbatata pamtunda wa masentimita 10 wina ndi mnzake.
6. Sakanizani humus ndi nthaka ndi kuwaza iwo pamwamba pa grooves ndi obzalidwa mbatata. Nthaka sayenera kuonongeka kuti asawononge zomera.
7. Pambuyo pa njira zonsezi, makanda okonzeka apangidwa ndi agrofibre. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa, popanda kukanikiza zinthuzo pansi, mwinamwake tchire silingathe kukula bwino. Pamphepete mwa mabedi, agrofibre akhoza kutetezedwa ndi njerwa, koma osati mwamphamvu kwambiri.
8. Zidzatheka kuchotsa pogona mu miyezi 1.5, panthawi yomwe mbatata idzaphuka ndipo idzapuma pazitsamba ndi nthambi zake zazing'ono.

Pansi pa filimuyi

Ndondomeko yoyendetsa bedi ndi kubzala mbatata ndi yofanana ndi yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa ndi agrofibre. Pali miyeso yaing'ono chabe.

1. Mafilimu a polyethylene adzateteza zomera zomwe zimabzalidwa ndi kuzizira kapena kuzizira mwadzidzidzi. Koma izi siziyenera kukhala zolimba kwambiri, kotero kuti mbande za mbatata siziphuka.
2. Mpaka mbatata ikukula, safuna mpweya wabwino. Koma ziphuphu zimafuna kutulutsa mpweya wabwino, zomwe sizingalowe mkati mwa filimu yowonjezera ya pulasitiki. Choncho, malo ogona ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse chifukwa chowombera mbande. Ndipo pamene tchire timakula mpaka 10-15 masentimita mu msinkhu, zidzakhala zofunikira kupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono mu filimuyi chifukwa cha mpweya wabwino.

Malangizo osamalira

Nthaka imamasula

Chotsitsa choyamba chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi khasu kapena chitsulo chachitsulo chakuya masentimita 2-3 okha. Ndikofunikira kuti muchite izi mukatha kuthirira, izi zidzathandiza mbande kulandira kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa oxygen ndipo motero muzikhala mofulumira. Komanso kumasula kumawononga namsongole.

Koma kumasula kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa, kuti asawononge maluwawo ndipo osatulutsa mwachangu mitsuko.

Hilling

Pamene zomera zazing'ono zimakhala zokwanira ndipo kutalika kwake kufika 15-18 masentimita, mukhoza kuyamba kwambiri kumasula ndi kukwera kwa mabedi. Mothandizidwa ndi khasu, muyenera kukokera pansi kumbali zonse ku chitsamba cha mbatata kuti mutenge chidutswa chaching'ono.

Kumbukirani zimenezo mu nyengo yotentha ndi yozizira, kumasulidwa ndi hilling wa mbatata sikuyenera kuchitikaChifukwa nthaka idzataya madzi ambiri chifukwa cha izi ndipo idzauma. Mu nyengo ino, mungathe kumasula mabedi pakati pa mizere mpaka masentimita 5-6.

Koma mvula ikagwa bwino, dziko lapansi liyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse, kuti nthaka isayime ndi kupuma.

Kuthirira

Kumwa mbatata zoyambirira ndikofunikira madzulo. Ngati mumamwa madzi, ndiye kuthirira 1 kungakhale kokwanira kwa 2-3 chitsamba.

Kuti mudziwe nthawi yoyenera kuthirira mbatata ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njirayi, werengani nkhani zathu.

Kutentha

Pofuna kukula bwino kwa tubers, pafupifupi kutentha ayenera 18-22 ° C. Pansi kutentha, tuberization imachepetsanso, ndipo pamadera otentha, chitukuko chikhoza kuima palimodzi.

Kudyetsa

Kudyetsa mbatata zoyambirira ziyenera kuyambika pa nyengo yokula. Kuti imathandizira kukula ndi kukula kwa nsonga pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse cha mbatata anatsanulira theka supuni ya tiyi ya urea ndi 200 magalamu a humus.

Momwe mungamere mbatata bwino, kuti mukhale ndi bwino, zokolola zochuluka, komanso matekinoloje atsopano popanga mbewu zazikulu, zomwe tafotokoza m'nkhaniyi.

Kutsiliza

Kukolola koyamba kwa mbatata zoyambirira kungapezeke mu April. Ndikofunika kusonkhanitsa mbatata zatsopano pambuyo pa maluwa, pambuyo pa masamba ochepa ayamba kutembenukira chikasu pa tchire. Pambuyo pokolola zokolola zoyamba, mabedi amatha kuunjika ndi madzi.