Khoma ladzala (Betula nana, birch yaing'ono, birch; ernik; slate; carla; era), kukhala woimira mtundu wa Birch, mwa dongosolo la Bukotsvetnye, ndi chitsamba chokulirapo.
Botanical katundu ndi malo okhala
Madera a ku Europe ndi Western Siberia nthawi zambiri amati ndi kwawo, koma tsopano amapezeka ku North America, Alps, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Asia komanso ku Arctic. Mu tundra, m'mapiri, m'malo otsetsereka ndi acid peatlands, mitundu yamtengowu, yapadera mawonekedwe ake ndi zothandiza, idapeza pogona ponse: okhala kumpoto amagwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi masamba a yernik ngati mankhwala, chakudya cha nyama, komanso nkhuni ngati mafuta. .
Nthambi za pang'onopang'ono birch zikusesa, zikugwa. Makungwa ake ndi aukali, a bulauni kapena abulauni. Masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira (mpaka 15 mm), ozunguliridwa ndi mawonekedwe. Mu nthawi yophukira, mtunduwo umasiyana kuchokera pachikaso mpaka kufiyira. M'nyengo yozizira, masamba amagwa. Kukula kwacinyamata ndi kovutikira. Mitundu ya timapepala tatifupi (pafupifupi 5 mm). Malowa ndi ena.
Ma inflorescence ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ang'ono ngati mawonekedwe a khutu. Chipatsocho ndi mtedza wa ellipsoidal wokhala ndi loboti yocheperako mbali zake (pafupifupi 1.5 mm m'mimba mwake), wopangidwa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni.
Chomera chikukula pang'onopang'ono. Kufalikira ndi mbewu ndi kudula. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chikufika zaka zana limodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Mitundu yotchuka
Kutengera ndi gulu lomwe lafotokozedwa mu Great Soviet Encyclopedia, mitundu iyi yamtundu wautali imasiyanitsidwa:
- otsika;
- owonda;
- wozungulira;
- ndi zina zotero
Mukutanthauzira kwamakono, ndi mitundu yotchuka yokongoletsera yamtundu wamtunda wamtunda, mulinso awiri awa.
Chuma chagolide
Golden Treasure (Chuma Chagolidi) - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ernik mpaka 80 masentimita kutalika kwake ndi korona pafupifupi 2 mita. Makungwa ake ndi bulauni. Zomenyedwa, mazira ooneka ngati mazira. Kusintha kwa utoto kutengera kukhwima: kuchokera pazithunzi za rasipiberi mpaka golide. Mukugwa - pansi mpaka reds.
Jung
Youngii ndi kulira kulira. Mtengowo uli pamtunda wa 4 m ndipo uli ndi korona yopindika ya nthambi ziwiri pafupifupi 2 m. Mtundu wa khungwa limakhala ngati: loyera ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Masamba a masamba amawunjikidwa m'mphepete, atapangidwa ndi diamondi. Mtundu - wobiriwira wopepuka, pakugwa - chikaso.
Kubzala, kukula kwa birch
Kuyambanso kubzala tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:
- Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala ndi yophukira.
- Nthaka ndi acidic kapena pang'ono acidic. Kusakaniza kwa dimba wamba labwinolo ndi peat ndi mchenga. Komanso, kuwonjezera magawo ang'onoang'ono a humus ndi miyala yambewu sikupweteka. Mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Bowo ndi laling'ono kukula. Tikaika chikwangwani m'menemo, ndikofunikira kuwongola nthambi zake mosamala.
- Pamwamba bwino owazidwa ndi lapansi.
- Malizitsani njirayi ndi kuthirira yambiri.
Malamulo akusamalira:
- Chomerachi ndi chojambulidwa, komanso chimalekerera mthunzi.
- Pankhani ya chilala, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kuthirira zowonjezera (kuphatikiza nthawi yoyamba mutabzala) sizikhala malo.
- Feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pachaka: m'chilimwe - okhala ndi nayitrogeni (mullein, ammonium nitrate), m'dzinja - nitroammophoska kapena zovuta.
- Osamasula nthaka kuti musawononge mizu.
- Kukhala kofunikira kuti mulch pamwamba pa dothi lozungulira mtengowo - kuteteza ku kuzizira kwambiri komanso pakuwuluka kwa chinyezi.
- Zomera sizigwirizana ndi chisanu. Pogona nyengo yachisanu sifunikira.
- Kudulira - mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Kudula nthambi zowonongeka, komanso kupangidwa kwa korona, kumayambiriro kwamasika.
- Imafunika chithandizo cha pamwezi komanso mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndi matenda opha tizirombo. Tizirombo tosaopsa kwambiri ndi mbozi ya May ndi scoop.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: kupendekera kwapang'onopang'ono pakupanga kwamundawo
Birch yokongoletsera ndizabwino kwambiri pakupanga mipanda komanso malo owonekera: mapaki, mabwalo, minda. Idzawonekeranso bwino pamasamba omwe adakongoletsedwa mwamtundu wachilendo kapena kalembedwe ka Japan; ndimadziwe opanga osakanikirana ndi zokwawa kapena msondodzi wa polar. Chisankho chabwino pakupanga kwina kapena gazebos.
Zabwino kwa mixbord ndi minda yamiyala kuphatikiza ma gentians ndi saxifrages.
Kuphatikiza ndi tchire la kiranberi, ferns ndi kapinga wa moss, mutha kubwereza bwino momwe tundra ilili. Ndipo mutabzala mumphika wamaluwa osaya, mutha kusintha bonsai wagolide kukhala wokongola modabwitsa.
