Chomera chosangalatsa - koleriya, chimakhala pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse. Ndinkakonda kwambiri alimi a maluwa chifukwa chowoneka bwino komanso kudziyang'anira mosamala.
About mbiri yakuwoneka
Ngakhale kuti koleriya amakula zachilengedwe kudera la America, mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mitundu imafalikira ku Switzerland. Duwa lakale la mkati (kaleria) limatchedwa Michel Kohler, wasayansi wa ku Zurich yemwe adakhala m'zaka za m'ma 1800.
Mitundu ina yomwe idatchuka kwambiri idabweretsa ku Mexico kuchokera ku Mexico. Mitundu ya haibridi yomwe tsopano ikulimidwa paliponse idaletsedwa ndi obereketsa ku Europe. Chimodzi mwa mitunduyi ndi mzere wa Flashdance, womwe unasankhidwa ndi obereketsa ku Sweden mu 2001.
Koleria
Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani
Maluwa okongola komanso osalala a mmerowo amasangalatsa aliyense wokhala ndi maluwa ake ataliatali. Mawonekedwe achilendo a bud amatha kutulutsa.
Mtundu wamaluwa
Chubu yayitali yovekedwa ndi miyala 5. Akumbutsa belu.
Zothandiza! Zomera zazing'ono zaka zoyambirira zimaponya maluwa amodzi kuchokera kwa peduncle, zaka zotsatira - kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 8 masamba.
Pachimake
Maonekedwe a maluwa
Maluwa ndi opindika, pang'ono pang'ono. Mwa mitundu ndi mitundu ina, masamba amatha kukhala owonjezerapo kuposa ena.
Maluwa
Nthawi ya maluwa
Maluwa amatulutsa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara, mitundu ndi mitundu ina imatha kutulutsa mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino komanso kuyatsa kokwanira, nthawi yamaluwa imatha kuyambira miyezi 10 mpaka 12.
Mitundu wamba ndi mitundu
Chomera cha herbaceous chokhala ndi masamba a pubescent ndi maluwa ooneka ngati belu ndi cha banja la a Gesneria. Amereka ndi komwe amabadwa ndi maluwa osadziwika bwino, omwe ndi malo ake otentha.
Zothandiza! Masamba a kukula kwapakatikati, kuyambira 12 mpaka 16 cm kutalika ndi 8-10 cm mulifupi, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owondera pamtunda wonse wa mbale. Kutengera mitundu, imatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana: kuchokera kumdima wobiriwira mpaka wobiriwira wa azitona wokhala ndi mitsempha ndi mamvekedwe osiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina yosakanizidwa yomwe idapangidwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazo imatha kukhala ndi ma siliva ndi bronze.
Oimira otchuka:
1 Coleria wa ku Bogotá. Mtengowo umatha kukula mpaka 60 cm. Amakonda kumera panthaka pafupi ndi nkhalango, kapena ndi miyala yambiri mumphika. Kutalika kwa pepalalo kuli pakati - mpaka masentimita 10. Mbaleyo imakhala ndi kamvekedwe kobiriwira kobiriwira, m'mphepete mwake ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono. Maluwa ndi ofiira achikasu okhala ndi madontho owala.
- Colony fluffy-flowered (amatchedwanso kuti pubescent-flowered) kuti apindule ndi chikondi cha anthu ambiri olima maluwa osati chifukwa chokongola, komanso maluwa, omwe samangokhala masamba, komanso maluwa okha. Masamba ndi ochepa, masentimita 7 okha. Ndiwobiliwira ndi malire mozungulira m'mphepete. Maluwa amafanana ndi mabelu, amakhala ndi kamvekedwe ka malalanje kapena ofiira. Mkati, amakhala achikasu ndi madontho owala.
- Coleria Linden. Shrub yaying'ono, mpaka 30 cm. Imayambira molunjika komanso yopanda dongosolo. Pansi pamakutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono loyera. Tsamba lamasamba ndilochepa, pang'ono. Masamba adapakidwa utoto wobiriwira, amawonekera pamwamba kuposa pansi. Maluwa omwe ali pamwamba ndi a lilac, mkati mwake ndi achikaso ndi mawanga a bulauni.
- Coleria amabilis. Masamba ndi owongoka mawonekedwe, kutalika kwa 10 cm.Mbalezo ndizobiriwira kwathunthu, zimakhala ndi timitengo tofiirira kapena toni tasiliva. Masamba mu mawonekedwe a machubu ndi ofiira ndi madontho amdima akuda pamwamba komanso achikasu achikasu mkati.
- Coleria bibbi. Duwa limasiyana ndi mamembala ena am'banja lodzaza ndi mphukira yamtundu wakuda mwa chubu. Kunja, mtunduwo ndi wofiyira, ndipo mkati mwake mumakhala wobiriwira kapena wachikasu. Pamwamba pa duwa pamakhala timiyala tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa cha mtundu wa duwa, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ofiira. Tsamba lamtambo ndilobiriwira ndi mitsempha ya bulauni.
- Nthenga za siliva za Koleria. Maluwa okongola okhala ndi masamba a siliva. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amakhala amtundu wa lalanje kapena wachikasu, amakhala ndi pubescence ndi madontho ofiira ofiira.
- Coleria ampallang (kukulira). Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa akuluakulu amtali wofiirira pamwamba, mkati - owala ndi burgundy madots. Masamba ndi ochepa, okhala ndi mitsempha yowala.
- Coleria Lucky Lusifa. Zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa akuluakulu a pubescent. Ma machubu ali ndi ubweya wa pinki kunja, mkati mwake ndi oyera, matumba omwewo okhala ndi timawuti ta pinki. Kutengera kuunikira, amatha kukhala chikaso pang'ono. Masamba ndi apakatikati kukula, kamtundu wobiriwira, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe pang'ono ndi ma denticles ang'ono.
Koleriya Lucky Lusifa
- Coleria Manchu. Chitsamba chokongola chamtundu wamitundu yokhala ndi maluwa a pinki-lalanje. Mkati mwa khosi mumakhala mtundu wachikasu. Imatha kutulutsa pachaka chonse.
- Coleria Rongo. Bulu wopukusa ndi burgundy Splash. Masamba amiyala ya maolivi okhala ndi mitsempha yowala.
- Coleria Dzuwa. Imakhala ndi masamba ofiira amtundu wakuda kwamtundu wakuda. Kuzungulira duwa kuli madontho a burgundy. Masamba amakhala obiriwira.
- Coleria Birka. Masamba ofiira ofiira kunja, mkatikati - oyera mu kansalu kofiyira. Masamba ali obiriwira owala, ali ndi timizu tating'onoting'ono.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kusamalira duwa la kohleria ndikosavuta, chifukwa ndi kupanda ulemu kukula komwe kukukula. Kuti chomera chisangalatsidwe ndi maluwa ataliatali, ndikofunikira kuganizira zina zosiyanasiyanazi.
Kutentha
M'nyengo yotentha, kwa ma colferies, kutentha kwakukulu ndi madigiri 25, nthawi yozizira - kuyambira 13 mpaka 16. Mu nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa chipinda chomwe mbewuyo ili, mutha kuyikonzanso kuchokera pazenera.
Kuwala
Koleria amakonda kukula kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwenera. Maluwa abwino ndi dzuwa. Ngati mbewuyo ili pazenera lakumwera, iyenera kuzunguliridwa kuti colaria isalandire.
Kuthirira
Ndikofunikira kuthirira duwa ndi madzi amvula. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi, muyenera kuwapatsa nthawi yoti ayime (pafupifupi masiku 3-4). M'chilimwe, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika tsiku lililonse, m'nyengo yachisanu nthawi yawo imachepetsedwa 1 kapena 2 pa sabata.
Kuwaza
Ndikosatheka kupopera mbewu za pubescent, chifukwa izi zimawononga mawonekedwe awo, komanso zingayambitse matenda angapo.
Chinyezi
Chomera chimakonda mpweya ndi chinyezi pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, imalekerera kununkhira bwino mumlengalenga, koma nthawi ziwiri pamwezi ndikofunikira kumunyowetsa. Kuti muchite izi, kuthira madzi mu poto, dongo lokwezedwa limatsanulidwa, mphika wa maluwa umayikidwa pamwamba.
Dothi
Gawo lamtengowu limapangidwa motengera dothi la peat (mbali ziwiri), masamba a humus (1 gawo), turf (1 gawo) ndi mchenga (gawo 1) amawonjezerapo. Mbale ndi dongo zokulitsidwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ngalande.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Muyenera kudyetsa makulidwe mwezi uliwonse ndi feteleza wovuta ndi ma microelements. Zosakaniza zopangidwa mwakonzeka zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa maluwa.
M'nyengo yozizira (kupumula)
Monga mbewu zina, duwa ili limafunikira kupumula. Mutha kudziwa nthawi yomwe akupumulirayi ndikumayang'ana m'munsi masamba: ayamba kupuma ndikugwa. Musanatumize kuti mupumule pachomera, ndikofunikira kuchotsa ziwalo zonse, komanso masamba. Poto wamaluwa amasamukira kuchipinda chozizira komwe kutentha kumakhalako mpaka madigiri 13 mpaka 16. Kuvala kwapamwamba panthawiyi sikuchitika, kuthilira kumachepetsedwa - nthawi yayitali 1 pa sabata, kapena ngakhale pang'ono, kutengera kuthamanga kwa chikomokere.
Kodi koleriya amabereka bwanji
Pezani tchuthi chatsopano cha maluwa omwe mumakonda m'njira zingapo. Kulekanitsa muzu m'magawo angapo ndi njira yofala kwambiri kwa kolerii. Kusamalira ndi kubereka kunyumba ndi njira yosavuta, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena.
Kuswana
Gawoli
Tuber amatengedwa ndikudula ndi mpeni m'zigawo za 2-4 (kutengera kukula kwa mpweya). Chidutswa chilichonse chimayikidwa mu chidebe chosiyana ndi gawo lapansi. Mutabzala, ma rhizomes amathiriridwa mpaka mphukira zatsopano zitawonekera.
Apical mapesi-odulidwa
Thawani limadulidwa kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi ndikuyika mumtsuko wamadzi. Pakupita sabata kapena awiri, mizu yoyamba iwoneka. Ndikofunika kudikira mpaka msana wabwino utapangidwa, pambuyo pake ubzalidwe mumphika.
Mizu yoyambira
Kubalana ndi masamba kumachitika chimodzimodzi monga zimayambira. Tsamba lokhala ndi phesi limadulidwa. Kenako phesi lamasamba limayikidwa mumtsuko wamadzi mpaka mapangidwe a mizu.
Kulima mbewu
Mbewu zofesedwa masika (kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo) mu gawo lapansi la peat ndi mchenga. Pamwamba pa dothi losakanizika ndi lothira. Pambuyo pake, chotengera chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Amayikidwa m'chipinda chofunda mpaka mphukira yoyamba itawonekera.
Ikani pambuyo pogula komanso mukubereka
Mutagula, muyenera kusintha gawo lapansi ndi poto. Asanaikidwe, masamba onse ndi pansi masamba ayenera kuchotsedwa. Ndikofunika kugulitsa pogula nthawi yachilimwe, ndiye kuti chomera chimayambiranso kuziika bwino, makamaka chifukwa chimayenera kusiya nthawi yovunda.
Thirani Koleria
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula kolimba
Kusamala mosabereka kungayambitse mavuto ndi kulima. Ngati mungayankhe pa nthawi yake malangizowo, akhoza kubwezeretsanso.
Kusamalira mtundu wamtundu
Mavuto a masamba
Zomera zitha kufa ndi kuvunda kwa masamba. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha machitidwe achilengedwe omwe amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yopanda kanthu kapena pomwe mbewuyo imapangidwanso.
Mutha kuonanso kusintha kwa mtundu wa pepalalo ndi kuyanika pamene chisamaliro cholakwika chili:
- Zojambula
- Kudulira masamba kapena masamba,
- Chinyezi chambiri kapena kuphatikiza feteleza.
Matenda pafupipafupi
Masamba achikasu kapena chikasu chikuwonetsa kuti duwa silikhala lowala. Komanso, pazoyala zochepa, chomera chimatha kutambalala kwambiri.
Mu mpweya wouma kwambiri, masamba azipiringa amatha kuonedwa. Kuti chomera chiwoneke, ndikuwoneka masamba atsopano, ndikofunikira kuti minyezi ipume, ndikuwaza chipindacho kuchokera kumtengowo.
Uphungu! Muzu kapena tsinde zowola zitha kuwonetsa kuti ndi nthawi yoti asinthe gawo lapansi. Chomera chimayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuchotsa madera owonongeka, kenako ndikuwayika mumphika watsopano, ndikusintha gawo lapansi.
Zolakwa posamalira
Kaleria ndi duwa, chisamaliro chakunyumba ndichosavuta, koma zosayenera zimatha kubweretsa chomera. Olima ena, osanyalanyaza thanzi la mbewu, amathira madzi ozizira. Izi zimabweretsa mdima masamba ndi mphukira, ngati duwa la maluwa lilinso mu kukonzekera, kufa kwake ndikosapeweka.
Coleria sangakhale pachimake patadutsa nthawi yochepa, kapena masamba atha kutulutsa ndi kugwa. Vutoli limachitika chifukwa choti feteleza amasankhidwa molakwika, kapena adayambitsidwa zochuluka. Lamulo lalikulu unamwino mukamadyetsa "ndibwino kuti muchepetse kuposa kunenepa '.
Coleria Jester
Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yokongola yomwe alimi amawakonda. Zina mwazo ndi Zofiyira (zokhala ndi masamba ofiira), Brimstone (wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira ngati rasipiberi), Jester (Dzhester's koleriya wokhala ndi masamba ofiira ngati rasipiberi). Mukasankha imodzi kapena zingapo za izo, mutha kupanga munda wamaluwa wozizira mu nyumbayo. Kusangalala nthawi yomweyo ndi maluwa okongola a koleriya, kuchoka kunyumba kudzakuthandizira kukulitsa kwa miyezi ingapo.
