Kudyetsa ndi kusamalira nkhuku za kholo la nkhuku

Nkhuku ndi imodzi mwa nkhuku zomwe zimafala makamaka chifukwa zomwe zili ndizovuta kwambiri. Komabe, zikhalidwe zomwe ziyenera kuonetsetsedwera kwa ziweto zamphongo, makamaka zimadalira cholinga cha nkhuku - kwa mazira, nyama kapena zokolola zazing'ono. Tiyeni tione njira yotsiriza.

Zamkatimu:

• Chiŵerengero cha nkhuku ndi malo
• Zamkatimu
• Malo opangira chipinda
• Zakudya zabwino
• Katemera
• Kukonzekera bwino kwa dzira

Kodi kholo limatani?

Pansi pa kholo la nkhuku zokhudzana ndi nkhuku ziyenera kumvetsetsedwe ngati nkhuku, zomwe zimapezeka kuti zithe kupeza nambala yochuluka ya mazira abwino omwe amatha kubereka ana omwe angapereke ana abwino komanso abwino.

Mukudziwa? Pofuna kunyamula mazira, nkhuku sifunikira tambala. Mazira awa ndi abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, koma nkhuku sizidzatuluka mwa iwo, ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwake komwe akuzembera. Ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa dzira limene mluza umayamba kuchokera "chopanda kanthu" ndi maso. Mpaka pano, pali njira ziwiri zokha zodziwira: kuyesa mazira ndi phokoso lamtundu (lomwe limatchedwa ovoscopy), kapena kutsegulira mazira, ndikuwonekeratu zomwe zilipo.

Pazaka zikwi zingapo zomwe zapita kuyambira chiyambi cha kubereka kwa nkhuku, ndi mayesero osawerengeka, anthu pang'onopang'ono atsimikiziranso zoyenera kwambiri kuti apeze mazira omwewo omwe ali ofanana ndi nkhuku zomwe ziyenera kuyamwa bwino.

Chiŵerengero cha nkhuku ndi malo

N'zachidziŵikire kuti ndalama zomwe zimachokera mwachindunji zimadalira kulinganiza bwino kwa ng'ombe. Popeza mazira amangotengedwa ndi nkhuku, chiwerengero cha nkhuku pakati pa mbalame ziyenera kukhala zochepa, koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiwerewere kudzakhala kuwonjezeka kwa mazira "opanda kanthu".

Chimodzi mwa ubwino wa nkhuku poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina zakutchire ndikuti sizodzipangira okha, ndiko kuti, sizilenga awiriwa. Izi, zikutanthawuza kuti chiŵerengero cha mphuno ndi nkhuku m'khola zikhoza kuwonjezeka kwambiri pofuna kukondwera ndi zotsirizira.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupanga mazira abwino, "nkhuku" zimatulutsa nkhuku khumi (poyerekezera, chiŵerengero pakati pa atsekwe ndi abakha ndi 1: 4, koma chikho chimodzi chimatha kuchokera kwa akazi 16 mpaka 25).

Tiyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti zikuluzikulu za gululi, ndizowonjezereka kuti "kugogoda" kwa imodzi mwazitsulo sikungakhudze zotsatira zonse (ubwino wa tambala mmodzi m'banja la khumi ndi awiri ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa amuna anayi omwe akutumikira makumi anai zigawo).

Komabe, mikangano yaikulu ya nkhuku imapezeka nthawi zambiri, ndipo kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwa matenda osiyanasiyana kumakula. Choncho, ngakhale m'minda yayikulu, ndibwino kuti nkhuku zonse zomwe zilipo zigawike m'magulu a anthu 33-44 komanso kuti "mabanja" amenewa akhale osiyana.

Zamkatimu

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti nkhuku zathanzi zimakhala ndi zambiri, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe oyenerera a kholo, ndiyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti mbalamezi zimakhala bwino.

Makamaka zinyama zamphongo zimafuna zakudya zoyera komanso zoyenera, komanso sitiyenera kuiwala za kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zothandizira kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana.

Phunzirani momwe mungayambitsire nkhuku kunyumba, pazifukwa ziti muyenera kusankha nkhuku kuti mupitilize mpikisano.

Malo opangira chipinda

Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezo zimadwala chifukwa chakuti sizikugwirizana ndi mwiniwake wa zofunika zoyenera komanso zaukhondo.

Kuyeretsa nyumba kungakhale kosavuta ngati mukudandaula zotsatila za kutsatira malamulo osavuta:

• Chophimba (chosakhala chakupha) ndi zakuthupi (mwachitsanzo, mabotolo a linoleum kapena a tongue-ndi-groove) amachititsa kuti musagwiritse ntchito zinyalala zowonjezera, zomwe zimangowonongeka pansi mosavuta, komanso zimapulumutsa ndalama pogula udzu, udzu, utuchi ndi zina zotengera;
• makoma omwe ali m'nyumba amakhala oyenera kutsatiridwa ndi mandimu, zidzateteza kwambiri matenda a fungal ndi matenda ena;
• zisa ndi zowonongeka ziyenera kukonzedwa m'njira kuti zikhoza kusunthira mosavuta (zowonongeka pamasamba) pa nthawi yokolola;

Phunzirani momwe mungamangire nkhuku nkhuku, yotentha nkhuku, momwe mungakonzekerere zisa, mapepala, feeders, akumwa, mpweya wabwino, kutenthetsa.

• Mulimonsemo palibe chakudya chomwe chiyenera kutsanulira pansi pakhomo, odyetsa ayenera kukhala okonzeka m'chipindacho, mosiyana ndi chakudya chowuma ndi chonyowa, ndipo ayenera kuikidwa pamalo okwera kuti mbalame zisalowe mkati ndi mapazi awo. Odyetsa ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse komanso zochepa za chakudyacho zachotsedwa;
• Musanalowe m'nyumba, muyenera kupukuta mosamala mapazi anu, popeza eni eni nthawi zambiri amabweretsa udzu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu nkhuku.

Ngati kholo limasungidwa mosasinthasintha, nyumba ikhoza kutsukidwa mobwerezabwereza, koma mbalame zomwe zimakhala mkati mwa malo, ziyenera kuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ndikofunikira! Nyumba ya nkhuku iyenera kukhala yowuma ndi yoyera, chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira, koma zojambula sizivomerezeka kwathunthu.

Kuwonjezera pa kuyeretsa kawirikawiri, kamodzi pa chaka (ndipo makamaka patsiku) ndi kofunika kuti thupi lonse la nkhuku likhale lopanda mphamvu kuti likhale ndi makoswe, ntchentche ndi adani ena aang'ono. Kuti tichite ndondomekoyi, m'pofunika kuchotsa anthu okhala mmalomo (nthawi yotentha sivuta kuchita izi, choncho ndi bwino kukonzekera chochitikacho kuti chikwaniritsidwe ndi kuyamba kwa chisanu).

Zinthu zosiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira yogwiritsira ntchito, zonsezi zimakhala ndi ubwino ndi zovuta, kotero kuti mlimi aliyense akhoza kudzipangira yekha kusankha, kutsogoleredwa ndi zofuna zake komanso zomwe amadziwa. M'munsimu muli mwachidule mwachidule zomwe mungachite.

Zokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yotetezeka ndiyoitanira gulu la akatswiri kuti akawononge nyumbayo.

Zakudya zabwino

Kupanga chakudya chabwino cha nkhuku ndi sayansi yonse, ndipo zakudya ndi zakudya zomwe zimadyetsedwa zimadalira njira yogwiritsira ntchito ziweto - nyama, mazira kapena nkhuku.

Ndikofunikira! Kudyetsa zigawo zili ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri. Choyamba, mosiyana ndi momwe mbalame zimadyera nyama, mlimi ayenera kusamalira kuti mbalameyo sichilemera kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mapuloteni ayenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo kachiwiri, kuti adziwe bwino dzira (monga chipolopolo, ndi zomwe zili mkati) thupi la gululi liyenera kukhala ndi calcium yochuluka kwambiri kusiyana ndi anzake omwe akuyenera kuphedwa.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ngati zigawo zimayenera kupereka calcium ndi phosphorous (monga momwe zimadziwika, calcium sichidapangidwira phosphorous), ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi n'kovulaza kwa amuna.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi ina (kukula msinkhu wa kugonana), nkhuku ndi amuna azikwera ndikudyetsedwa mosiyana.

Zomwe zimaphatikizapo kudya zakudya za nkhuku ndizofunikira, koma chiwerengero chawo chimasintha malinga ndi msinkhu komanso kukula kwake kwa mbalame, choncho kuyambira pa sabata yachiwiri ya moyo, ziweto za makolo zimakhala zolemera nthawi zonse.

Kuwonjezera apo, pofuna kuchepetsa kulemera kwake kwa mbalame mu gulu la abambo, alimi ambiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa "masiku osala kudya": mbalame zimadyetsedwa kwa masiku asanu ndikukhala opanda chakudya kwa masiku awiri.

M'munsimu muli malamulo oyeneretsa kukonzekera chakudya kwa kholo la nkhuku:

Kudyetsa kwa gulu la kholo kumafunikanso kusinthidwa malingana ndi nyengo, komanso ngati mbalameyo ili ndi ufulu wopita kuzilombo (zakutchire, nkhuku zimakhala ndi mwayi wopezera chakudya chobiriwira ndi "zinyama" za nyama).

Katemera

Katemera ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera matenda oopsa kwambiri, ndipo lamuloli ndi loyenera kwa anthu onse ndi ziweto.

Nkhosa za makolo nthawi zambiri zimatemera ku:

• mbalame encephalomyelitis, omwe amadziwikanso kuti chivomezi chikuwopsa (katemera sichitha kale kuposa masabata asanu asanakhalepo;
• matenda opatsirana (nthawi yopatula, katemera saloledwa);
• salmonellosis (ndikofunika pano osati kuteteza matenda a mbalame yokhayo pofuna kupewa matenda a nkhuku);
• mycoplasmosis (kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito katemera wamoyo MG 6/85).

Koma katemera motsutsana ndi matenda oopsa a parasitic monga coccidiosis nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makolo, komabe mwachindunji nkhuku (nyama zazing'ono zimalandira katemera pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi cha moyo, komanso, coccidiostatics, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zothandiza kuposa katemera, zimangowonjezeredwa nkhuku mu chakudya).

Pezani zomwe mungachite ngati nkhuku zikuyenda, zigwetseni, zikhazikike, ntchentche, ziwonetsane, chifuwa, ziwombere, ziwombe.

Pa nthawi yoperekera, mankhwala alionse ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri, monga momwe zilili ndi katemera. Zikudziwika kuti mankhwala ambiri opatsirana ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nkhuku angasokoneze chitukuko cha nkhuku.

Kuopsa kofalitsa matenda opatsirana kuchokera kumalo osungirako ziweto mpaka kalekale, ndi kotsika kwambiri, kotero kuti anthu onse a kholo lomwe amasonyeza zizindikiro za matenda alionse oopsa ayenera kusasokonezeka mwakuya.

Mukudziwa? Katemera ngati njira yothetsera matenda poyamba anakonzedwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya tizilombo ya ku France ndi Louis Pasteur. Ndipo, monga zimachitika kawirikawiri, ngozi yathandiza wasayansi kupanga chimodzi mwa zinthu zodziwika kwambiri zamankhwala. Ndipo ^ nkhuku. Louis Pasteur anaphunzira nkhuku ya nkhuku, yomwe iye, ndithudi, ankafunikira mbalame zodwala. Koma tsiku lina, atapumula, wasayansi anapereka mawadi ake kwa wothandizira kwambiri, amene anaiwala kuti adziwe kolera cholera vibrio kwa mbalame. Pamene, Pasteur anabwera, kachilombo kachilombo kachilomboka kamakhala ndi kolera, amachiza pang'ono, koma adachira mosayembekezereka, popeza anali kale ndi ma antibodies a matendawa, atalandira chidziwitso choyamba "chofatsa".

Kukonzekera bwino kwa dzira

Kutchire, mbalame sizimayika mazira chaka chonse, koma m'munda wamunda, kubzala nkhosa nthawi zonse kumafunika kuweta ng'ombe, mosasamala nyengo ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe.

Pofuna "kunyenga chilengedwe," anthu akhala akuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zosiyana siyana. Izi zikuphatikizapo, makamaka:

1. Zonjezerani kutalika kwa masana. Njira yowunikira yapadera, yoperekedwa mwa kuyika nyali zina mu nyumba ya nkhuku, iyenera kukhala yokonzedwa m'njira yoti zigawo zikhale zofunikira maola 12-14 pa tsiku. Komabe, pachigawo choyamba cha "kuyamba" kwa gulu la makolo, akulangizidwa kuti aziphimba nyumba maola 23 pa tsiku.
2. Kutentha nyumba m'nyengo yozizira. Nkhungu imadziwika ndi mbalame monga chiyambi cha nthawi yomwe mazira sayenera kuikidwa, choncho nyumba zopanda nkhuku zosasamalidwa sizilola kugwiritsa ntchito dzira moyenera momwe zingathere.
3. Kupezeka kwa malo omasuka. Kudyetsa nkhuku mu nyumba ya nkhuku muluwu umakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa mazira a mazira, choncho mphete iliyonse ikhale ndi malo osachepera 1 mita imodzi mkati mwa nyumba, pafupifupi masentimita 20, ndipo nambala iyenera kuwerengedwa nkhuku imodzi kapena zinayi.
4. Kumamatira kwambiri kudyetsa. Chakudya chochokera kwa gulu la makolo sichingakhale chokhazikika. Ndikofunikira kuti mupereke nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimatonthoza nkhuku ndikutsogolera malingaliro ake kuti azitsogoleredwa ndi mlimi.

Komabe, pamene kupanga dzira kulimbikitsa, m'pofunika kulingalira zinthu zina zomwe cholinga chake, makamaka, mtundu ndi zaka za ng'ombe. N'zosatheka kufunsa zambiri kuchokera ku wosanjikiza kuposa momwe angaperekere.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndi kofunika kuyamba kuyambitsa mazira odyetsa mwapanthaŵi yake, chifukwa kuyambira koyambirira kwa dzira kumakhala "kupereka" mazira ang'onoang'ono, kaŵirikaŵiri kosayenera kuti atsitsike. Inde, ndipo chifukwa cha thanzi la zigawo zotere zingayambitse mavuto, mpaka kuphatikizapo imfa ya oviduct.

Mukudziwa? Monga njira yowonjezera yowonjezera zokolola za abambo, nkhuku alimi amalimbikitsa kuika mazira ang'onoang'ono mu zinyalala za mbalame (ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ya nkhuku). Zikuwoneka kuti kukumba mu udzu kuti mufufuze zokometsetsa zokometsetsa kumayambitsa njira zina mu thupi la mbalame, zomwe mwazifukwa zina zimawonetsedwera kawiri kawiri.

Motero, zomwe kholo la nkhuku limapereka zimaphatikizapo kutsatiridwa bwino ndi, komanso, mwachidziwikire, zofunikira komanso zomveka bwino. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira, kusonyeza kusamala pang'ono ndi kuleza mtima, alimi aliwonse amodzi ali ndi mwayi wopeza zotsatira zabwino m'munda uno.

Mmene mungamererere kholo la makolo: kanema