Mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse ndi zitsamba za magnolia ndizodziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chachiyera ndi mgwirizano, komanso kukongola, zimachokera kwa iwo, makamaka nthawi yamaluwa. Mbewuyi idatchedwa dzina lodziwika bwino wa ku France wotchedwa Pierre Magnoli.
Kufotokozera kwa Magnolia
Magnolia ndi mtengo wophuka kapena mtengo wophuka mpaka 20 m kutalika. Zoyambira zake zimakulidwa ndi khungwa la bulauni, lomwe limakhala lofanana kapena lophimba. Masamba akulu akulu obiriwira amakhala owumbika ndipo pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
Maluwa amodzi amatulutsa fungo labwino, m'mimba mwake kukula kwake kumasiyana masentimita 6 mpaka 35. Mulingo uliwonse umapangidwa ndi mafiyala 6-12 amitundu yofiira, yoyera kapena yapinki. Magnolia pachimake amatengera mitundu, pali zitsanzo momwe zimakhalira kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mbewu zitatu, mutatsegula kabukuka, mumamatira ndi ulusi. Kuphatikiza pa machitidwe okongoletsa kwambiri, makamaka kasupe, magnolia imawonetsanso mankhwala othandizira.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yama magnolia
Magnolia ndiofala padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zina mwa zopereka zazikuluzikulu zimapezeka ku United Kingdom komanso likulu la Ukraine.
| Mitundu | Kufotokozera, mitundu |
| Siebold | Nthawi zambiri, izi zimayimiriridwa ndi zitsamba, kawirikawiri - mtengo womwe umafikira 10 m kutalika. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ofupikira, amakula mpaka 15 cm kutalika kwakanthawi. Kukumbukira mawonekedwe a mbale, duwa limakhala pa peduncle ofooka, limafika masentimita 10. Mulingo wolimba kwambiri nthawi yozizira umatha kupirira kutentha kutentha mpaka -36 ° C, koma kanthawi kochepa kwambiri. Siebold adawerengeredwa kuyambira hafu yachiwiri ya 19 century. |
| Obovate kapena Woyera | Mtengo wowola, womwe kwawo ndi chimodzi mwa zilumba za Kuril, umafikira kutalika kwa mamita 15. Zoyambazi zimakutidwa ndi makungwa aimvi, osalala bwino, ndikutha masamba 8-10. Maluwa ndi akulu (pafupifupi masentimita 16), amaimiridwa ndi zonona za kirimu, amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu. Chomera chimalekerera bwino kuzizira ndi mthunzi, komabe chimakhala chodumphira pamlingo chinyezi komanso kapangidwe ka nthaka. Walimidwa kuyambira hafu yachiwiri ya m'ma 1900. |
| Mankhwala | Shrub wokhala ndi masamba akulu, maluwa onunkhira kwambiri, omwe ali ndi point point pamwamba. Chomera ichi chidachokera ku China, komwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pankhani zamankhwala. Pakati panjira pafupifupi sizimachitika. |
| Olimba kapena nkhaka | Mtengo wowola unayambira ku North America ndipo udafalikira kumadera ena okhala ndi miyala ikuluikulu. Mtunduwu umatha kukula mpaka 30 m kutalika. Zomera zazing'ono zimakhala ndi korona ngati piramidi, ndipo okhwima amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Masamba ake amakhala pang'ono kupindika, mbali yamtambo imakhala imvi, pomwe kutsogolo kuli kobiriwira. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 8 cm) amakhala ngati mawonekedwe a belu. Amapangidwa ndi masamba achikasu osakanizidwa ndi wobiriwira. Kukaniza kwamtunduwu kuzizira ndikokulira pakati pa ena onse. Ku America, kutengera zamtunduwu, Brooklyn magnolia idalimidwa. |
| Nyenyezi | Ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa, makamaka mawonekedwe a maluwa omwe amapangidwa ndi mitundu yoyera ya utoto woyera, amakumbutsa nyenyezi momwe zimawonekera. Chomera chake ndi chaching'ono kukula - pafupifupi mamilimita 2.5. Zimayambira ndi zofiirira. Mitundu ndi ma hybrids omwe amadziwika kwambiri:
Zosiyanasiyana za Susan zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, wokhala pakati. |
| Mtundu wa Lilia | Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino mwazomera zakhala zikulimidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. Kutchuka kumeneku kukufotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa maluwa komanso gwero labwino. Maluwa amafanana ndi kakombo, koma kukula kwake kumafika masentimita 11. Kunja ndi kwamtundu wautoto, ndipo mkati mwake ndi oyera. Chodziwika bwino ndi mitundu ya Nigra, yomwe mawonekedwe ake akunja ndi ruby hue. |
| Cobus | Mtengo wowola pamtundu wachilengedwe umakula mpaka 25 m, komabe, kutalika kwa zitsanzo zomwe zalimidwa sikupitirira mamita 10. Pamwamba pa tsamba pali mawonekedwe owongoka. Pamwamba pa mbalepo paliwobiliwira wowoneka bwino, ndipo mthunzi wake sudakwanira. Maluwa oyera onunkhira amafika masentimita 10. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Cobus imamasula pokhapokha ali ndi zaka 9 mpaka 12. Zimatanthauzira zachilengedwe zosagwira chisanu. |
| Zachikulu zazikulu | Chomera chaching'ono chimawonetsa kukula pang'onopang'ono komanso kufooka kwa chisanu, komabe, kukula kwakukulu kwamaluwa (mpaka 25 masentimita)) ndi fungo lokoma lomwe limachokera kwa iwo limalipirira zolakwika. Mtengowo umasinthidwa bwino ndimadera akumatauni, osagonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo komanso matenda osiyanasiyana. Chipatsochi chimapangidwa ngati bump. Mitundu yodziwika ndi iyi:
Gallison (kugonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira). |
| Sulange | Pali mitundu ingapo yamtengowu, yomwe idagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mtunduwu sukula kuposa 5 m kutalika, ndipo masamba ake amafikira kutalika kwa 15 cm. Kukula kwamaluwa kumakhala kutalika kuyambira 15 cm mpaka 25 cm, nthawi zina kununkhira kwake kulibe. Amayimiridwa ndi phale lautoto wambiri: utoto, pinki, zoyera. Kuphatikiza apo, izi ndi zochitika zapadera. Mtengowo suwonedwa ngati wowoneka bwino. |
Kubzala Panja Magnolia
Kubzala mwamphamvu kwa chomera kumachepetsa malo omwe limakhalapo, chifukwa chake malo obzala ndioyenera kuyatsa komanso osayalidwa. Chofunikira china ndikuteteza malowa kumphepo zamkuntho.
Nthaka siyenera kukhala ndi mchere wambiri, laimu, chinyezi komanso mchenga. Sapling ikhoza kubzalidwa panthaka nthawi iliyonse pachaka kupatula nthawi yozizira, koma ndikofunikira kuchita izi mkati mwa yophukira, chifukwa malinga ndi ziwerengero - izi zimatsimikizira kuti 100% adzapulumuka. Ngati mumabzala mu April, ndibwino kuti muzimakonda pakati.
Tekinolo yakunyumba
Kuchulukitsa kwa dzenje lobzala kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo kuposa momwe mizu imafunso. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse dothi lolemera kwambiri ndi mchenga, ndipo dothi lomwe latsala mutabzala liyenera kusakanizidwa ndi manyowa. Ndikofunika choyamba kukonzekeretsa dzenje ndi ngalande, pogona tchuthi cha masentimita 20 osanjikiza. Kenako onjezani mchenga wokhala ndi masentimita 15, ndikuyika chosakaniza chapadera kumtunda. Pambuyo pake, konzekerani mmera womwewo, dzazani malo opanda kanthu ndi dziko lapansi, ndikumveketsa pamwamba. Kenako iyenera kukhala yonyowa kwambiri, madzi atamwetsedwa, kuwaza peat mozungulira thunthu ndi kuyika khungwa lowuma la mtengo uliwonse wolumikizana. Njira zoterezi zisiya kuyima.
Kusamalira ma magnolia m'munda
Amakhala ndi zochulukirapo pafupipafupi kumanyowetsa kokha ndi madzi ofunda, kumasula dothi pang'onopang'ono ndikumatha feteleza kwa chaka chachitatu cha kukula. Imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya mchere ndi michere yosakanikirana. Zomwe zili momwe mungavalire:
- 10 L madzi;
- 1 kg ya ng'ombe humus;
- 20 g wa mchere;
- 15 g wa urea.
Chitsanzo chokhwima chidzafunika zidebe zazinayi ngati chovala chimodzi chapamwamba. Feteleza sichimapangidwa kopitilira 1 mwezi pamwezi, kuchitira tsikuli ngati njira ina yothirira. Masamba owuma ndi chizindikiro choyamba chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti mbewuyo yabzala. Kupulumutsa magnolia kuyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza, ndikuwonjezera chinyezi.
Thirani
Kucha magnolia kumachitika ndikuwonjezera ntchito, kotero imachitika pokhapokha ngati sizingatheke kuipewa. Mchitidwewu samasiyana ndiukadaulo womwe wafotokozedwa kale.
Magnolia kufalitsa
Itha kuchitika ndi njira zitatu, posankha iliyonse, ndikofunikira kuti muziyamba kuganizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya micros. Njira zonse zili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zawo.
Kudula kumachitika motere:
- M'mwezi wa Marichi, konzekerani mphukira ndi maluwa osakhazikika komanso masamba (mbewu zazing'ono ziyenera kukondedwa);
- Siyani masamba awiri pa mphukira iliyonse;
- Limbikitsani kupanga mizu pochotsa gawo lakumunsi ndi chida chapadera;
- Konzani chisakanizo chokhala ndi peat, vermiculite ndi perlite;
- Bzalani nthambi mumtsuko;
- Phimbani ndi polyethylene;
- Onjezerani pafupipafupi;
- Ventilate ndikusunga kutentha kozungulira tsiku ndi tsiku +23 ° С;
- Patatha sabata limodzi (mutapangira mizu), dzalani m'mbale zodyera zosiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kufalikira poyang'ana patali kumagwira ntchito kokha ku zitsamba, ndipo mpweya uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi mtengowo.
Makulidwe oyang'ana:
- Kokani pansi panthambi yotsika mtengo wokhala ndi waya;
- Pamalo pamene tsinde likhudza dothi, pangani ngati kuzungulira kwa khungwa;
- Kugwera pansi ndikukoka;
- Pambuyo pa zaka 1-2, pomwe mizu ikapangidwa, ikani zodula kuchokera kwa chomera cha kholo.
Mlengalenga:
- Pangani chozungulira kukhala mozungulira panthambi yosankhidwa, pomwe ndikofunikira kuti isawononge nkhuni;
- Chitani chilondacho ndi heteroauxin;
- Aphatikize moss pamalopo ndikukulunga ndi filimu yomata;
- Tsekani nthambi kuti isagwere;
- Yambitsani chinyontho mu moss pogwiritsa ntchito syringe;
- Mu Okutobala, gawanitsani zigawo kuchokera kwa kholo la magnolia ndikuwadzala mu chidebe china;
- Lolani nyengo yachisanu chomera;
- Chapakatikati kumuika poyera.
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika motere:
- Sungani nthochi zokhwima mu theka loyambilira la nyundo;
- Zilowerere kwa masiku atatu;
- Pukutani pogwiritsa ntchito sieve;
- Sambani ndi sopo ndipo muzitsuka m'madzi oyera;
- Kuyanika;
- Kuwaza ndi mchenga wonyowa ndi malo mu polyethylene;
- Vikani mufiriji kwa milungu itatu;
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu njira ya manganese;
- Pitilirani kumangiriridwa ndi chinyezi chofunda mpaka mphukira;
- Konzani chidebe (osachepera 30 cm);
- Dzazani dothi;
- Imirirani pansi osapitirira 1 cm;
- Chapakatikati kumuika poyera.
Kudulira magnolia
Chitsamba sichifunira kudulira chilichonse kupatula kukongoletsa. Komanso, nthambi zouma ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndikofunikira kuchita izi kokha m'dzinja, zipatso zikacha. Chapakatikati - ndizoletsedwa kwathunthu, chifukwa pa nthawi ino mbewuyo imadzuka yamadzi.
Magnolia nthawi yachisanu
Pogona sayenera kutha kumapeto kwa Novembala, pomwe iyenera:
- Sanjani thunthu mu burlap m'magawo angapo;
- Tambitsani bwalo loyandikira pambuyo pa chisanu choyamba.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Khungubwe silitha kutenga matenda komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Chomwe chimayambitsa chiwopsezo chachikulu ndi Verticillosis, chizindikiro choyamba chomwe ndi chikasu cha masamba. Pasanathe sabata limodzi, bowa amatha kuwononga magnolia. Ngati ndidakali m'mawa kwambiri kuti mudziwe matendawa, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imatha kuchiritsidwa ndikumwaza ndi Fundazole.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kudzidziwitsa: kugwiritsa ntchito magnolia
Ngakhale kuti magnolia imaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zothandiza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti imakhala yapoizoni. Kulowetsedwa kuchokera ku mbewuyo kumathandizanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumalimbikitsa kuchira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo magnolia imagwiranso ntchito ngati antiseptic. Tingafinye wa Shrub timagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi hypertonics. Pazipangazo muyenera kusakaniza mbewu zosweka (supuni ziwiri) ndi 0,2 l mowa 70% ndikuumirira milungu iwiri. 25 madontho ayenera kudya tsiku lililonse pamaso chakudya.
Ngati steamed mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi owiritsa, akanadulidwa masamba ambiri 3 tbsp. spoons ndikulimbana ndi zosakanikirana zoterezi kwa maola 24, mupeza zovala zofunika kuzithandiza.
