Spruce - zokongoletsera za malo aliwonse. M'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe, imakhala yokongola, imatsitsimutsa malo ndipo imapatsa ulemu. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi kusankha spruce yoyenera kwa malo, mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe imawerengedwera muzambirimbiri.
Mitundu ya mitengo yautali yamitengo yautali, yomwe ili ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe ali ndi korona wofiira kwambiri komanso mtengo wofewa. Chifukwa cha kusankhidwa, mitundu yatsopano yakhala ikugwedezeka, ndipo spruces ndi ofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha zosiyanasiyana za singano ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka.
Mukudziwa? Ambiri azindikira kuti kupuma kumakhala kosavuta m'nkhalango ya coniferous. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti spruce ili ndi phytoncides yomwe imathandiza kwambiri m'maganizo ndi ziwalo za kupuma.
Norway spruce (European)
Mbalame yamtundu (mtengo wamba) ndi wa banja la pine, mtundu wa spruce uli ndi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ndi mitundu, kusiyana ndi malo a nthambi, kukula, mawonekedwe a korona ndi mtundu.
Zomera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukongola uku zimakhala mbali yaikulu ya m'nkhalango ku Ulaya. M'madera akumidzi, zomera zotere sizikula, chifukwa mpweya wambiri mumlengalenga umakhudza kukula ndipo zimawawononga.
Pansi pa chikhalidwe, zofala zapurice (Picea abies) zimasintha mosavuta, chifukwa choti pali mitundu yambiri yazinthu. Ambiri ndi mitundu:
- Acrocona (Acrocona). Ili ndi mawonekedwe a mbewa yosasintha kapena chitsamba. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe kumadalira pazimene Acrocone imakula. Zokongola, zimatha kufika mamita atatu m'litali ndi zinayi m'lifupi. Komabe, kawirikawiri kukula kwa spruce zaka khumi ndi 1.5 mamita. Nthano zazing'ono za mtundu wobiriwira zimdima mdima. Mbalame yofiira yofiira, yomwe ikukula mochuluka pamapeto a mphukira, ikhale yowala maroon mu kasupe. Chifukwa cha zokongoletsera izi, Acrocon ndi mitundu yokongoletsera, yomwe imagwirizana bwino ndi kagulu ka zomera ndipo imawoneka bwino. Zima-kuona kolimba, kumverera bwino mumthunzi. Nthaka youma youma ndi madzi ochulukirapo pansi si abwino.
- Barry (Barryi). Ili ndi korona wandiweyani wopangidwa ndi nthambi zamphamvu zikukula mozungulira. Nkhumba - wolemera wobiriwira mtundu, masamba - lalikulu. Mitengo yaing'ono ya mitengo yamtengo wapatali imakhala yozungulira, kenakake imatambasula n'kukhala yochuluka. Pamene tikukula pa chiwembu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi zina tizitsuka kuti tipeze mawonekedwe. Zokwanira mwangwiro.
- Wills Zwerg. Uzkokonichesky zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi wandiweyani korona. Kutalika kwa mtengo wamkulu ndi mamita awiri, mamita ndi mita imodzi. Zisoti ziri zobiriwira zobiriwira ndi chikasu chachikasu.
- Inversa (Inversa). Mbalamezi zimakula mwakulira ndi korona "yolira," yomwe thunthu pachiyambi cha kukula likugwiriridwa ndi chithandizo. Amakula mpaka mamita 6-7 m'litali ndi singano ya mamita 2 mamita. Ngati simukusamala, sizingapitirire 50 cm ndipo zidzasunthira pansi, zikukula ndi 25-40 masentimita pachaka. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo, akhoza kukhala chokongoletsera choyambirira.
- Maxwell (Maxwellii). Ngati mukuganiza kuti ndibwino kuti spruce asankhe, samverani Maxwell. Iyi ndi mitundu yochepa kwambiri, kutalika kwake komwe kuli mamita 2. Korona ili ndizitsulo kapena pilo ndi singano zobiriwira zobiriwira. Kuveka korona wa mtengo wamkulu ndi mamita awiri. Amatha kulekerera mthunzi ndi nyengo yozizira.
- Nidiformis (Nidiformis). Mtundu wamtunduwu, umene kutalika kwake mu mawonekedwe akulu siudutsa mita imodzi ndi korona wa mamita awiri. Maonekedwe a chisa cha korona. Silikonda overmoistening, kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Mitengo yaing'ono ikufunika kuphimba.
- Ohlendorffy (Ohlendorffii). Mphukira yowonjezera, ikufika mamita 6 mu msinkhu ndi mamita atatu muwiri mu mawonekedwe akulu. Crohn wandiweyani, wapakati kapena shirokokonicheskaya. Mankhwala ofiira ofiira aang'ono amakhala ofiira-bulauni kumapeto kwa kucha. Zosalekerera kulekerera nthaka yowuma ndi chinyezi chokhazikika. Amamva bwino pa dothi la acidic ndi zamchere. Amatha kulekerera shading ndi chisanu. Musanapange spruce kuti mupereke, muyenera kuganizira kuti idzaphimba mderalo m'kupita kwa nthawi.
- Tompa (Tompa). Zithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakhala mamita 1-1.5. Mzere wa korona wozungulira kwambiri ndi 1.5 mamita. Amamva bwino kwambiri padzuwa, mumthunzi wachabe, nthaka siifuna. Krone pafupifupi samasowa chisamaliro chapadera ndi kudulira.
- Formanek (Formanek). Mbalameyi imakhala yaikulu kwambiri ndipo imakula mu ndege yopanda malire, chifukwa imapanga mavoti wamba. Kuti firitsi iyi ikhale yowonjezera, pakukula kwake nkofunikira kupanga thunthu ndi kulimangiriza ku chithandizo. Mwanjira imeneyi mukhoza kupeza fir "yolira" ndi singwe zakuda fluffy. Formanki ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chipinda cha spruce. Ndibwino kukongoletsa malowa ndi malo otseguka.
- Echinformis (Echiniformis). Imakhala ndi korona yeniyeni yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tating'alu. Amakula kwa nthawi yaitali, choncho safuna kudulira kawirikawiri. Kukula kwakukulu kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito spruce m'madera ang'onoang'ono m'magulu kapena osakanikirana.
Ndikofunikira! Mbalame zazing'ono mumapiri ozizira otentha mlungu uliwonse pamadzi (12 malita pansi pa mtengo) ndi kumasula nthaka.
Spruce kummawa
Dzina lina la kukongola uku ndipachikale cha ku Caucasus (Picea orientalis). Mu chilengedwe, imakula mpaka mamita 50-65 mu msinkhu, pamene ili ndi korona wokhala ndi mamita 22. Maonekedwe a korona ndi piramidi, atapachikidwa nthambi za mthunzi wokongola wa bulauni. 
Mitengo ya Khrisimasi imakhala ndi mtundu wofiira (nthawi zina wofiira), wa pubescent, wonyezimira. Pamwamba pa achinyamata pali madontho a utomoni. Zisoti zimakhala zochepetsedwa pang'ono ndipo zimakwera mmwamba, chifukwa cha zomwe sizinapangidwe. Zisoti zimakhala zolimba, zakuda, golidi woyamba ndi zakuda pakati pa kusasitsa. Mbali yapadera - nsingo ngati kuti ili ndi varnish.
Mtundu wa masamba okhwima ungakhale wofiira mpaka wofiira. Kukula kumapeto kwa mphukira kumtunda kwa korona.
Ndikofunikira! Kukula kwa kum'mawa kwa spruce sikungalole kulowera dzuwa. Mitundu imeneyi imatha kukula pamtunda woonda, koma imatha kuuma mphepo ndi chilala.
Kukonzekera kwa malo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mmagulu a magulu, koma amawoneka okongola kwambiri paokha.
Spruce spiny (buluu)
Dzina lachilatini la mitundu iyi ndi Picea pungens. Frost, mphepo ndi chilala sagonjetsedwa. Zabwino kuposa zamoyo zina zomwe zimawonongeka ndi mpweya ndipo zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi theka la zana).
Mtundu wa spruce ndi wa banja la pine, mtundu wa spruce uli ndi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri, maonekedwe omwe amachititsa nthawizonse kuyamikira. Ndizitali, zazikulu (mpaka mamita 40 mamita ndi mamita atatu), zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi malo a North America. Mitsinjeyi imakhala yofiira, yovundukuka mu September ndi kukongoletsa mtengo wa Khirisimasi kufikira masika.
Mitundu yokongoletsera ya singano ikhoza kukhala ndi chikasu, buluu ndi imithunzi - zonse zimadalira makulidwe a sera. Poyamba m'nyengo yozizira, patina imatha ndipo zitsulo zimakhala zobiriwira.
Mphukira ya buluu imakhala ndi mitundu yokongola kwambiri yokongoletsera. Kukula ndi kukonza ndi zabwino:
- Belobok (Bialobok) - mtundu wosiyana wa golide-wachikasu wa mphukira zazing'ono;
- Aurea (Aurea) - ali wamng'ono amakhala ndi singano zagolide, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira;
- Atviridis (Atviridis) - mdima wobiriwira;
- Draymond (BlueDiamond) kapena Blue Diamond - ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu;
- Waldbrunn (Waldbrunn) - wamtundu wa spruce, wokongola m'malo okongoletsera miyala;
- Glauca (Glauca) - spruce ndi singano zobiriwira zabluu;
- Glauca Globoza (Glauca Globosa) - mamita asanu ndi awiri otalika mamita awiri;
- Izeli Fasgiata (Iseli Fastigiate) ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali womwe uli ndi nthambi zouluka ndi singano zobiriwira zakuda;
- Ophwanyidwa (Сompacta) - wamtundu wa spruce ndi korona wathyathyathya;
- Bonfire (Koster) - kulira spruce, kutalika 10-15 mamita ndi korona 4-5 mamita;
- Lutescens (sing'anga) - singano sizimasintha mtundu wawo chaka chonse, pomwe zimakhala zachikasu;
- Montgomery (Montgomery) - bonsai ndi korona wachinyamatayo ali wachinyamata ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu;
- Oldenburg (Oldenburg) - kamtengo kakang'ono kamene kamakhala ndi sera, matalala a malalanje omwe amakhala obiriwira buluu pamene akukula;
- Kusangalala - ndi kolonovidnoj posakhalitsa nthambi korona;
- Albert Fat (Albert Fat) - ali ndi tchire lakuda la shirokokonichesky lamtengo wapatali wa buluu;
- Flavescens (Flavescens) - amasiyana ndi mtundu wachikasu woyera wa singano;
- Cerulia (Coerulea) - malaya oyera a korona;
- Hoopsii ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri umene kukula kwake kwachinyamata kumasiyana ndi mthunzi wofiira.
Spruce wakuda
Conifer iyi imakula mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 20-30, ili ndi yopapatiza conical mawonekedwe a korona. Nthambi za mitengo ikuluikulu zimakhala pansi.
Zomera zazing'ono ndi zofiira zofiira ndi zowonongeka, zofiira. Zosowa - tetrahedral, prickly. Mitsempha mu mawonekedwe okhwima ali ndi mawonekedwe a ovate (nthawizina - ozungulira). Mtundu - wofiira-bulauni.
Ndizosazizira kwambiri, zimapititsa patsogolo kumeta, kudzichepetsa ndi nthaka. Mu nthawi youma pamafunika kuthirira kwina.
Mukudziwa? Kumtchire, spruce wakuda imakula ku North America. Ku Ulaya wakhala ukulima kuyambira 1700, ndipo ku Russia wakhala akulima kuyambira pakati pa XIX atumwi.
Mitengo ya Khirisimasi imakula pang'onopang'ono ngakhalenso pazikhalidwe zabwino, zomwe zimalola kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera ang'onoang'ono.
Ngati mukufuna kusankha spruce pa chiwembu, samverani mitundu iyi ndi mitundu:
- Baysneri (Beissneri). Amasiyana kwambiri ndi korona wochepa, ndi siliva-bluish singano. Amakula mpaka mamita asanu ndi kukula kwa korona.
- Baysneri Compact (Beissneri Compacta). Chifukwa cha kuswana, kukula kwa spruce sikudutsa mamita awiri. Nsonga siyiwonetsedwe.
- Doumeti (Doumetii). Mitengo ya mamita 5 ndi shirokokonichesky krone, nthambi zimakula. Mtundu wa singano uli wofiirira, timadontho timene timakula pamtengo.
- Kobold Mbalame yam'mimba ndi kutalika kwa mita imodzi, ndi korona wakuda mu mawonekedwe a mpira. Zisoti ndi zochepa, zobiriwira zakuda.
- Argenteo variegata. Olemekezeka ndi singano zoyera-motley.
- Aurea. Ili ndi korona wagolide kwambiri.
- Emproeides, Erikoides. Mbalame yam'mimba ndi singano zopyapyala.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lachilatini la spruce Picea linachokera ku Rome Pix yakale, kutanthauza "utomoni". Zomera zokongola izi zodziwika bwino kwambiri zimadziwikiratu kwa zaka zoposa 1,000 ndipo zakhala ndi moyo wautali - zitha kukhala zaka 300.
Chipululu cha Serbian (Balkan)
Ziribe kanthu mitundu yambiri ya spruce yomwe ilipo m'chilengedwe, spruce ya Serbian imalingaliridwa kuti ndi yolumikizana kwambiri. Kumtchire, sizodziwika ndipo zimakula makamaka mwapadera. Mtundu wapadera wa mitundu imeneyi ndi korona wochepetseka wonyezimira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachikhalidwe mu zikondwerero za Chaka Chatsopano.
Mtundu uwu wa chithunzi, koma chifukwa cha kuya kozama kwa mizu pamtunda umodzi ukhoza kuthyoledwa ndi mphepo. Amanyamula mpweya woipitsidwa bwino, nthaka imakhala yopanda kanthu. Chifukwa cha tsitsi lometa korona, mukhoza kupereka mawonekedwe alionse.
Mtundu wa spruce wa ku Serbia ndi wabwino kuti ukhale pawebusaiti, ndipo okonza mapulani amalimbikitsa mitundu iyi:
- Nana (Nana). Mphuno ya mtundu wa Blue. Akachotsedwa, thunthu likhoza kutenga mawonekedwe odabwitsa ndi malemba osakanikirana.
- Pendula Nthenda yamphesa ndi korona yolira komanso thunthu lopotoka kwambiri.
- Chitani (Chitani). Amamera spruce ndi ozungulira bluish korona.
- Zuckerhut (Zuckerhut). Timatabwa tambirimbiri timene timakhala ndi korona wofanana ndi korona.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kutulutsa spruce, kumayambiriro kwa masika, muyenera kuchotsa masamba omwe ali kumapeto kwa mphukira.
El Sitinskaya
Kuwerenga za spruce ndi kufotokozera mitundu yake, sizingatheke kupeza malingaliro monga Sitka (Sitchensis). Ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa chimphona (mitengo yokhwima imakula kufika mamita 90) kumalo omwe kale anali Soviet Union imalimidwa zaka zopitirira theka la zana.
Kukongola kwa North America kumakhala ndi korona wambiri ndi singano zobiriwira. Mitsempha ya kukhwima imakhala yobiriwira kwambiri. Ndi osagwira chisanu.
Ngakhale kulikula kwakukulu kuthengo, ngati mukufuna, mungasankhe Sith spruce kubzala ku dacha:
- Papus (Papoose). Mbalame yam'mimba imakhala ndi korona wozungulira, yomwe imakhala piramidi ndi zaka. Amasiyana ndi mayina awiri a singano.
- Silberzwerg (Silber Zwerg). Mtengo wa bonsai uli ndi korona wozungulira wonyezimira.
Phalaphala brevera
Kuwonekera kwakukulu uku sikudziwikiratu, chidziwitso cha izo sichipezeka m'mabuku onse. Ngakhale izi, spruce Breverara ndi yabwino kubzala m'munda: mtengo ndi wosavuta kusunga, chisanu chosagwira, popanda chopadera pa nthaka ndi chinyezi, amawoneka bwino ndi mphukira zazing'ono.
Mbalameyi imakhala yolira, yaitali masentimita atatu. Amakula mpaka mamita 10-15 mu msinkhu. Amakula pang'onopang'ono - 10-15 masentimita pachaka. Nthambi zikuluzikulu zimakonzedweratu, ndizitsulo pang'ono.
Podziwa mtundu wa spruce, nthawi zambiri palibe aliyense amene angakhalebe wosayanjanitsa ndi kukongola kwa makondomu awa. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kupeza mkazi wokongola yemwe adzakondweretseni ndi ukulu wake chaka chonse.
