Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ng'ombe ndi njira yovuta ya thupi yopangira mkaka, yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito ya machitidwe amanjenje ndi zamatsenga a zinyama. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, lactation imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yaikulu kusokonezeka kwa digestive, kupuma ndi mtima machitidwe. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino njirayi yofunika kwambiri, phunzirani magawo ake ndi ziweto za kudyetsa nthawiyi.
Kodi nthawi ya lactation ndi ng'ombe ndi nthawi yanji?
Lactation (kuchokera ku Chilatini. "Lacto" - "Ali ndi mkaka" kapena "Kudyetsa mkaka") ndi njira yokonzekera ndi kukonzekera mkaka poweta ng'ombe, komanso kumasulidwa pamene akuyamwitsa kapena kuyamwa. Pofuna kubwezeretsa ziweto zowonongeka ndi anthu, kuwonjezeka kwa mkaka kwa ng'ombe kunakula. Kuchuluka kwake ndi khalidwe lake sizidalira kokha mtundu, zifukwa zambiri zimakhudza njirayi. Nthawi yomwe ng'ombe imatulutsa mkaka imatchedwa nthawi ya lactation. 
Amakhulupirira kuti lactation yachibadwa imakhala masiku 305. Nthawi imeneyi ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi kumapeto kwa feteleza kwazimayi pambuyo pobereka. Zimayesedwa bwino ngati calving imapezeka pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo patatha chaka chimodzi. Ndiye lactation idzakhala masiku 300-315, ndipo nthawi youma - masiku 50-60. Nthawi ya lactation ndi yeniyeni ndipo imadalira onse pa mtundu ndi mkhalidwe wa ng'ombe wokha, komanso pa zofunikira za nyumba yake ndi zakudya.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe ndi nyama zowonongeka, m'maganizo awo omwe ali pafupi ndi agalu. Mwachitsanzo, iwo angaphunzire kuchokera ku zomwe zinachitikira wina. Ngati ng'ombe imodzi imagwedeza magetsi kuchokera ku mpanda, achibale ake ambiri amayesetsa kupewa cholakwikacho.
Njira yokonza ndi kutulutsa mkaka
Kuchetsa kwa mkaka sikungatchulidwe mwachangu, kuli ndi khalidwe labwino. Kawirikawiri, njirayi ikuyamba ndi kuyamba kwa ntchito, koma nthawizina chinsinsi chimamasulidwa masiku angapo chisanafike calving. Pankhaniyi, udder wa ng'ombe ukuyamba kusintha ngakhale pa nthawi ya mimba. Amakula mu kukula kwake, mafuta a minofu amatengedwa ndi secretory alveoli. Kupangidwa kwa mkaka kumayambitsidwa ndi ziwalo zoberekera ndi dongosolo la endocrine la nyama.
Ndikofunikira! Kukula kwakukulu kwa udder pansi pa mphamvu ya mahomoni kumachitika pakati pa theka la mimba. Ng'ombe zina, kukula kwake kumafikira 3% ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi.
Zambiri zake zimakhudzidwa ndi mapulogalamu onse, kuphatikizapo ntchito ya chiweto. Mkaka umapangidwa mu minofu ya alveolar, yomwe ili ndi maselo enaake. Matendawa amakula mofulumira kuyambira tsiku la calving ndi miyezi 4-5 ya lactation. Pambuyo pake, ndondomekoyi ikucheperachepera ndi kuchepa pang'ono, zomwe zimayandikira kufa, zimatsatiridwa ndi kuwonongeka - chiwonongeko cha alveoli ndi maselo a chitetezo. 
Kachitidwe kake pa khungu la udder ndi minofu kumayambitsa njira zinayi:
- feteleza;
- chipinda cha mkaka;
- chinsinsi chochuluka;
- kuyamwa zinthu zofunika kuchokera m'magazi.
Phunzirani momwe mungamwe mkaka ndi mtundu wamtundu wa ng'ombe.
Makhalidwe oweta ng'ombe
Nthawi yonse ya lactation imagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- chovala - pafupi masiku 7;
- mkaka wabwino - mpaka masiku 290;
- mkaka wakale - mpaka masiku khumi.
Mkaka wotere umakhala waukulu kwambiri - mpaka 40 ° A, ndipo acidity yake imakwana 50 ° T. Ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi kukoma kwa mkaka wamba, ndipo ndibwino kuti anthu asagwiritse ntchito. Pa gawo lotsatila, ng'ombe imapereka bwino komanso yodziwika kwa mkaka wonse. Pakutha komaliza, mkaka umatenthetsa, umatulutsa mapuloteni ndi mchere, koma amachepetsa kwambiri lactose ndi acidity (mpaka 5 ° T).Maphunziro a mapiritsi apamwamba ayenera kufika pamasabata asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi atatu mutatha kubereka ndikukhala motalika kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, m'zaka 100 zoyambirira zachipatala ng'ombe imapereka 45% mkaka, m'masiku 100 otsatira - 35%, ndi nthawi yonse - mpaka 25%. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira makamaka nthawi yoyamba kupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri zopezera nyumba ndi kudyetsa kuti zikhale ndi zokolola zambiri za nyama.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwongolera - cholemetsa chachikulu pa thupi la ng'ombe. Pamodzi ndi 100 malita a mkaka, 3-5 makilogalamu a mafuta, 3-4 makilogalamu a mapuloteni ndipo mpaka 8 kg ya lactose amamasulidwa. Kuwonongeka kwa mavitamini, calcium, phosphorous ndi mchere wina kumakhalanso.
Njira yodyetsera ng'ombe pa magawo a lactation
Mu masabata awiri oyambirira mutatha kubereka - zatsopano - chinyama chiyenera kubwezeretsa chakudya pambuyo pa nthawi youma. Masiku ano, maziko ake ayenera kukhala msipu wabwino kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ku gawo la mbewu ndi mbewu zakuzu. Silasi ingaperekedwe kokha kuchokera tsiku lachisanu pambuyo pa kubadwa.
Chotsatira gawo - osadulidwa - imatha mpaka mwezi wachinayi wa lactation ndipo imafuna kuti zakudya zowonjezera zikhale zowonjezera kuti zitheke. Popeza zakudya zakuda ndi zowutsa mudyo zimakhala ndi zakudya zochepa, mkaka wamakono umapereka zakudya zowonjezera kuti zikhale zochepa kufika pa 15-18% komanso kuwonjezera apo, ma beets ndi mbatata kuti athe kudzaza chiwerengero cha shuga ndi wowuma. 
Mid-lactation - miyezi isanu ndi itatu - chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku chafika pamtengo wapatali ndipo pang'onopang'ono chicheperachepera. Kusintha kwa zakudya za nyama kumachitika molingana ndi zotsatira za ulamuliro wa milking. Kuyambira nthawiyi, udzu uyenera kukhala maziko a zakudya. Kupatula gawo omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa mkaka zokolola ndipo, motero, kuchepetsedwa kwa voliyumu ya chakudya, ng'ombe zimakonzedwa ku nkhuni zakufa. Panthawiyi ndikofunika kuti tisagwedezere nyama kuti tipewe kunenepa kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse - Phiri la Katahdin, la hymrid Holstein-Durham - linakhalapo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri (20), kumapeto kwa moyo wake kulemera kwake kunafika pa 2,270 kg. Malingana ndi Guinness Book of Records, kutalika kwa ng'ombe zowola kunali 1.88 m, ndipo kukula kwake kunali 3.96 mamita.
Nkofunikanso kulemekeza zotsatira za kubereka kwa mtundu uliwonse wa chakudya. Choncho, ndibwino kuti muzule mbewu zamasamba nthawi imodzi ndi silo, ndipo kutsanulira kuthira ndi tirigu panthawi yomwe ikugwedeza. Nkhosa, pambali inayo, imayikidwa mu odyera osiyana pa malo oyendayenda, kapena kuperekedwa kotsiriza. Kusintha kuchuluka kwa zakudya m'thupi kumaphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana premixes. Amasankhidwa payekha malinga ndi momwe akudyera.
Kuonjezerapo, kudyetsa njira kumadalira zokhudzana ndi ziweto. Pankhani ya mfulu, ng'ombe imayendetsa zakudya zake zokha, ndipo pamene kudyetsa, chakudya chokwanira komanso premixes wapatsidwa kale. Mukasungidwa mu stall, m'pofunika kuti muzidzilamulira pafupipafupi kayendedwe kabwino ka chakudya ndi dongosolo logawa chakudya. Kuonjezera apo, famu iliyonse imaika ndondomeko yake, malingana ndi zomwe zilipo. 
Motero, zokolola ndi nthawi ya lactation zimadalira zakudya, zikhalidwe za msungidwe komanso chikhalidwe cha thanzi. Ngakhalenso zazing'ono, pakuyang'ana koyamba, zolakwika zingathe kuchepetsa kupanga mkaka. Ndicho chifukwa chake nkofunika kusamaliranso ndikuyang'anitsitsa ng'ombe, ndiyeno ng'ombe zidzakondwera nawe ndi mkaka wokometsetsa.
