Mtundu wa kakang'ono wokongola kwambiri wotchedwa cacti umene umamera kumapiri a Argentina, Peru ndi Bolivia amatchulidwa Pierre Rebyu, wotchuka wa "cactus" katswiri wa zaka za XIX.
Zonse zimadzudzula zazing'ono (zosapitirira 10 cm), athazikika, nthawi zina molimbika kwambiri, pamwamba pake, mawonekedwe komanso, makamaka, mazenera.
Tsinde likhoza kudulidwa, lumpy kapena muli ndi papillae. Njira zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimapanga mtundu wonse wa ana awa.
Mapangidwe a maluwa okongola ngati mapulotechete amadziwika kwambiri: maluwa amaluwa amakula kuchokera kumunsi kwa tsinde, mosiyana ndi lobivy kapena mallillaria, yomwe imamera pamtunda.
M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za bwenzi la banja la Rebucii, kufotokozera mitundu yake ndipo lidzaperekedwa ku chithunzi chake.
Mitundu ya cactus ndi zithunzi
Kara-Kara
Kachilombo kameneka kamakhala kozungulira, kosautsika kuchokera pamwamba, kamdima, kamdima, kameneka, kamene kali ndi minofu yautali komanso mafinya a chikasu.
Kukula kwa chidziwitso chosiyana cha cactus sichidutsa masentimita awiri ndi theka.
Imeneyi ndiyo mizere ya maluwa ofiira ofiira ofiira.
Zolotistokolyuchkovaya
Globular, wobiriwira wobiriwira, makulidwe mpaka masentimita 7. Kutetezedwa ambiri kuwala chikasu lakuthwa spines. Chimake chimakula kwambiri, chofiira.
Saccharocarpitis
Kawirikawiri amapanga coloni yamtundu wa masentimita 7, zomera zobiriwira zobiriwira, zonyezimira ndi zofiira.
Makapu opangira zowala, golide wachikasu.
Chipolopolo chosasintha
Chobiriwira, chozungulira, masentimita asanu ndi atatu, tubercular ndi nsalu. Pafupifupi pafupi ndi vitreous spiny "anamva". Amafufuza zofiira.
Vallegran
Chobiriwira chobiriwira chimakhala chophatikizidwa mamita sentimita asanu chokongola kwambiri ndi chizungu choyera.
Ndiponso ali ndi maselo ochepetsetsa.
M'nthaŵi ya chilimwe, makapu awiri ofiira ofiira amatha kuphuka.
Zing'onozing'ono
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono, mpaka mamita masentimita awiri, obiriwira, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga.
Sachetinena ali ndi zing'onozing'ono zoyera, zachikasu ndi zofiirira. Maluwa okongola a masentimita atatu omwe akubaya mabala ofiira.
Zipatso ndizochepa, zofiira.
Amamera
Zolumikizidwa, cylindrical, osati kukula pamwamba pa masentimita awiri ndi theka. Amakhala ndi zipilala zoyera ndi zofiira zazing'ono zofanana.
Makapu ofiira ofiira ndi lalanje; stamens ndi pistil - chikasu.
Albiflora
Dvuhsantimetrovye succulents ndi zoonda, zowala, zakuda, tsitsi zimapanga magulu a nthambi, m'chilimwe, chokongoletsedwa ndi zoyera, nthawi zina ndi pinkish tinge, maluwa a maluwa.
Maluwa okongola
Zowonjezera zowonjezera, mpaka masentimita 7 wakuda, zakuda kwambiri zakuda, ndi brownish yaitali spines. Amapanga chitsamba chachikulu. Spring-chilimwe pachimake, wochuluka, pinki-wofiirira.
Maluwa okongola
Kudzudzula kobiriwira kumaphatikizidwa ndi papillae ndi zochepa, zoyera, zokongola komanso zofiira.
Nthambi yambiri, malalanje-chikasu calyx, golide stamen ndi pistil.
Krainz
Chomera chobiriwira chomera chomera chokhala ndi sentimita zinayi ndi zitsulo zazikulu komanso zofiira.
Makapu opangira magazi, komanso masentimita anayi.
Senile
Mphepete kapena pang'ono pang'onopang'ono tsinde lobiriwira silimakula pamwamba pa masentimita 8. Amadzaza ndi mafupipafupi, oyera, otuluka m'madzi otchedwa bristle-spines.
Zingwe zakunja ndi zofiira, zikuluzikuluzi ndizowala. Pali mitundu ya makapu a pinki ndi achikasu.
Yoyera
Ndizitsamba zoyera zomwe zimakhala ndi sentimita zisanu zokongola kwambiri.
Corollas wofiirira wofiirira ndi mamita atatu masentimita.
Sandy
Masekondi asanu osachepera masentimita asanu, omwe amatetezedwa ndi mafupipafupi, ndi masentimita 15 masentimita. Mu kasupe, makapu okongola a malalanje-a chikasu amatseguka. Cactus ndi ozizira kusagwira, amalola kutentha kwakukulu - kuchoka pazinayi.
Narvacensa
Kutsekedwa kwa centi-centimenti ndi makulidwe a masentimita 4 kumapanga kukula kwa coloni mpaka masentimita 12.
Dani pinki mamita atatu masentimita makapu otseguka m'masika.
Chidzudzulo ichi chikhoza kulimbana ndi kuzizira kupitirira zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma chosakhazikika kuvunda.
Steinbach
Mapesi asanu ndi masentimita okhala ndi zofiira zofiira-amawombera nthambi zambiri. Mitundu ya maluwa imasintha kwambiri: imatulutsa mitundu yonyezimira, yalanje, yofiira, yamaluwa. Amakhala ndi dontho la kutentha mpaka madigiri anayi pansi pa zero.
Neokaminga
Zojambula zokha zapadera mpaka magulu 9 masentimita magulu a masentimita 25. Makapu ambiri achikasu-lalanje amatsegula masentimita 2.5 kudutsa.
Izi zimakhala zabwino sichikukhazikika pa kutenthakoma kugonjetsedwa ndi dzuwa lalikulu ndi kutentha kwakukulu.
Rausch
Mdima wandiweyani, wobiriwira, wofiira, wodula pang'ono uli pafupi ndi minga. Zomwe zimaphatikizapo ndi maluwa opangidwa ndi khungu loyera amatseguka, mpaka mamita 4 cm.
Marsoner
Mdima wonyezimira wobiriwira bwino kwambiri kuposa masentimita asanu ndi atatu ndi reddish brown bristle spines ukufalikira mu kasupe.
Nkhuta ziri zowala, zowona-chikasu; kukula kwake pafupifupi masentimita anayi.
Simatulutsa chisanu mpaka 10 ºє.
Mouse
Mchere wokhala ndi tsinde, wophimbidwa ndi nsalu zofiirira, m'chilimwe umakongoletsedwa ndi lalanje makilogalamu anayi a corollas opangidwa ndi mapuloteni.
Bristle
Mphepete mwa mamita asanu ndi limodzi; wodzazidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa munga wowala kwambiri.
Mkati mwa makapu a mapiri ndi chikasu cha golide, kunja kwake ndi brownish-wofiirira; Mitundu imeneyi imaphulika kuyambira May mpaka July.
Helios (dzuwa)
Mbalame yamdima imakhala yobiriwira; anatulutsidwa ndi msinkhu kutalika mpaka masentimita 8 ndi nthambi zambiri pamunsi, kupanga magulu, magulu akuluakulu.
Nsalu zazing'ono zowonongeka zimakhala zowoneka bwino kwambiri pamtambo.
Maluwa a maluwa okwana 4 sentimita ofiira a redlanje omwe amawonekera m'chilimwe amakongoletsedwa ndi mzere wofiirira.
Flavistila
Lembani phokoso lokhala ndi masentimita asanu ndi limodzi, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndi ana ochepa.
Maluwa ambiri a mtundu wofiira wofiira amakhala otalika masentimita 4.
Fulvizet
Zowonjezereka, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono zimayambira mdima wandiweyani wamdima wobiriwira.
Kutalika ndi masentimita 5-6 ndipo kutalika ndi 8-10 cm.
Mitundu yambiri yowonjezera yamagulu yodzala ndi imvi ndi imatetezedwa ndi bulauni.
Amamasula mkatikati mwa chilimwe.
Nkhuta zimakhala zofiira, zonyezimira, 2.5 masentimita.
Zosangalatsa
Tsinde ndi lobiriwira, lopota, lopota, lopindika, lopindika kwambiri, kufika pamtunda 8 cm. Mitengo ndi ya brownish.
Chimake chili m'chilimwe, chochuluka, chowala chofiirira.
Mu chikhalidwe cha chipinda amapanga bwino mthunzi.
Pulvinosa
Mbalame yambirimbiri yowonongeka; chomera chimodzi chokhala ndi masentimita atatu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita asanu ndi asanu. Orange-chikasu, maluwa atatu masentimita
Ngakhale mu chilengedwe, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu ndi chizindikiro cha kupanduka.
Mbeu izi, maluwa ndi kuswana mu chipinda cha chikhalidwe cacti chifukwa cha mtanda pollination amapereka zoterezi zomwe zakhala zovuta kunena kuti mitundu ina.
Choncho, osonkhanitsa omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi kulima mitundu yowongoka, kupeza mbewu ndi mitundu yowoneka bwino ndikufalitsa mitundu yomwe ikukula kuchokera kwa iwo pokhapokha ndi njira zoyendetsera.
Kusamalira kwanu
Kuunikira
Mawindo akumwera amatha bwino, okhala ndi kuwala kowala chaka chonse ndi mlingo woyenera wa dzuwa.
Kujambula ndi miyezi yaitali, kuphulika, kumangirira mwamphamvu tsinde, mosalekerera kulekerera mvula yamkuntho yautali, ena onse omwe amawonekera bwino masiku a chilimwe amafunikira kuwomba.
Kutentha
Chifukwa "zakutchire" Mabwinja amakula m'mapiri a m'chipululu, kukwera kufika 2500m pamwamba pa nyanja.
Amakonda masiku otentha a chilimwe (mpaka kuphatikizapo 38) komanso usiku wozizira usana, komanso m'nyengo yozizira - kuzizira: kuchokera madigiri 5 mpaka 10 ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera.
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, "zozizira" zimathandiza pakhomo lotseguka (mphika wa cactus ukhoza kukhala wokhazikika mu bokosi la maluwa).
Pachifukwa ichi, kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kudzapangidwa mwachibadwa. Kuwonjezera apo, "okwera mapiri" amafunikira mpweya watsopano ndi kuyendayenda nthawi zonse.
Nthaka
Monga gawo loyendera limatenga nthaka yapadera yokonzedwa bwino, kapena kusakaniza mchenga wochuluka ndi nkhuni ndi masamba omwe ali ofanana kwambiri.
Onaninso zabwino Mabala a granite, peat ndi makala amakala.
Tikufika
Popeza kuti mizu ya mtundu umenewu sichikulirakulira, koma m'malo mofanana ndi ndondomeko ya mpiru, muyenera kusankha chidebe chopanda kanthu, koma chokwanira chodzala - zabwino kwambiri za ceramic, popanda kutentha kolimba.
Dera lalikulu lidzathandiza kutuluka kwa chinyezi, komanso, lidzakupatsani mpata kunthambi ndikukulitsa mtundu wambiri wa zimayambira.
Pansi pa mphika ndithudi ikani zowonjezera - mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a volume - ngalande yosanjikiza: kudula dongo, miyala yaing'ono kapena njerwa ndi makala amodzi.
Kenaka tsanulirani dothi lokonzekera mosamala, popanda kuvulaza mizu yosatetezeka, ikani nyamayi.
Dulani dothi losakanizika ndi pang'onopang'ono mukhazikike. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, khosi la msuzi labwino kwambiri silinali loikidwa m'manda: Thupi la nyamakazi liyenera kuthandizira chingwe chakumtunda cha miyala yochepa.
Kuwaza
Monga lamulo, kusintha kwapadera kumachitika zaka ziwiri zilizonse; Kufunika kwa kusuntha kumayesedwa makamaka ndi kukula kwa kukula kwa chiwerengero cha zimayambira.
Nthaŵi yabwino yoika nthawiyi ndi kuyamba kwa kukula kwachangu..
Ngati panthawiyi masambawa apangidwa, ndondomekoyi imasinthidwa mpaka mapeto a maluwa.
Pamene kuziika kusunga chipinda chakale chadothi.
Izi, komabe, sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku makope ogulidwa. Monga lamulo, zowonjezera zomwe zimagulitsidwa zimakula mwakuthupi, ndipo gawo lapansi mumtsuko mulibe zakudya zowonjezera.
Choncho, mwamsanga mutangogula, chogulitsidwacho chinamasulidwa kwathunthu kuchoka ku nthaka yakale ndikusandulika ku nthaka yatsopano yosakaniza.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Mpweya wouma wokha uli wokwanira kwa rebuyami, koma opaleshoni "mame a phiri" - kupopera mbewu yamadzi kuchokera ku mfuti yaing'onoting'ono - idzawachitira zabwino ndikuchotsa fumbi pamadzi
Kuthirira
Kutentha kwa nyengo kumapeto kumachitika nthawi zonse, nthaka ikatha mumphika.
Madzi amatengedwa mofewa, atakhazikika bwino; akhoza kukhala acidified ndi kutha theka la supuni ya supuni ya citric acid mu malita 7 a madzi.
Pakatikati pa September, pansi pazizira, kuthirira zomera zonse zowonjezereka kuposa centimeter pafupifupi kuima.
M'nyengo yozizira yozizira, "malamulo ouma" ambiri amalamulira, koma pa madigiri 14-18 chidzudzulo chachisanu kuthirira ndizosowa ndi zochepa kwambiri.
Kupaka pamwamba
Mu nyengo ya kukula, kugwira feteleza kumaphatikizapo feteleza wapadera kwa maluwa okongola.
Mukhozanso kuphika njira yofooka zovuta feteleza nayitrogeni, mopitirira muyeso wa mankhwala amchere amachititsa kuti mizu ikhale yoola.
Maluwa
Anthu osadzichepetsa omwe amawoneka pachimake chaka chilichonse, mowala komanso mochulukirapo, ngati ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso atakhala ozizira ozizira.
Mitundu yambiri yapafupi mungu ndi kupereka mbewu.
Kanema ili m'munsimu ikuwonetsa pachimake cha cactus yowonongeka:
Kuswana
Kunyumba, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kufalitsa mbewu ndi njira zothandizira.
Mbewu
Mwezi wa March, mbewuzi zimatetezedwa mwachindunji kwa mphindi 10 muzitsulo kofiira potaziyamu permanganate.
Zouma pamlengalenga, zofesedwa m'mapulo ndi madzi abwino osakaniza ndi osakaniza omwe amawongolera: tsamba ladothi, mchenga wambiri, wosweka makala mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 2: 1.
- kuphimba ndi polyethylene filimu kapena galasi;
- ali ndi wowonjezera kutentha pa madigiri 15-20, nthawi zonse ventilate, substrate ndi wothira;
- Pambuyo kumera, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'zinthu zing'onozing'ono ndikukula, kuteteza ku dzuwa lopitirira;
- m'chaka chachiwiri moyo rebutsii wamng'ono ukhoza pachimake.
Mbali ikuwombera
Pakukula, ndi nthambi yogwira ntchito, mphukira zimapangidwa ngati kuti zodziimira, koma zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi tsinde lalikulu.
M'katikatikatikati a nyengo yachisanu kapena pakati pa chilimwe, njira zowonongeka zimatha kugawidwa mosamala, ndipo zimadetsedwa ndi makala ophwanyika pa malo ovulala.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Choopsa chachikulu - mizu yovundazomwe zimachitika mukamwa madzi okwanira pamodzi ndi kutentha, komanso kumwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka.
Chitetezo chachinyengo Mzuwu udzatumikira zofunika zofunika pazomwe amamangidwa: nthaka yabwino, nthaka yosalala, yosamalidwa bwino malinga ndi nyengoyo mwa kuthirira ndi madzi ofewa, osati ozizira, kuvala pamwamba ndi nitrojeni ya pansi, mitsuko yochepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kulepheretsedwa ndi makalata osamalidwa bwino angathe kukhazikika mealybugshieldovka kapena tsabola wofiira. Ogwira ntchito kwambiri motsutsana ndi tizilombowa ndi systemic tizilombo.
Mazira ozizira, nyengo youma, mpweya wabwino, nyengo yotentha ndi usiku wozizira ndi chinyezi pang'ono ndizo zonse zomwe anthu okhala ku Andes amafunikira ndi makona awo a maluwa a mthunzi kuti amve kunyumba.
