Epiphyllum cactus ndi chomera cha epiphytic chokhala ndi mizu ya mlengalenga. Zimakhala ndi duwa lamtundu wobiriwira kapena tchalitchi chachikulu, ndi mzere wa wavy kapena wamphepete. Chomeracho chimafika kutalika kwa pafupifupi 60-70 masentimita, ndipo motero amafuna kuthandizidwa. Mphukira imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a golide, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 40. Maluwa a Cactus ali ndi pinki, oyera, ofiira, achikasu, mtundu wofiira, kukula kwake pakati pa 10-12 masentimita. Epiphyllum, ngati chipinda chilichonse, imayenera kuyang'aniridwa. Kusamalira bwino njuchi panyumba kungakondweretse mlimi aliyense wokhala ndi maluwa ochulukirapo komanso okoma, komanso ngati ali ndi zipatso zokoma.
Mukudziwa? Zipatso zazikulu zofiira za epiphyllum zimaonedwa kuti ndizodya, ali ndi nthochi ya nthochi.
Kusankha malo a epiphyllum
Choyamba, muyenera kusankha firiji limene likulowa m'nyumba kapena nyumba yabwino yosankhidwa maluwa. Muyenera kudzipangira nokha kumene malowa akuyenera kukhala m'nyumba. Posankha malo a epiphyllum, m'pofunika kulingalira kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhala mu chipinda chomwe chidzasangalatsa kwambiri kwa iye.
Kutentha
Choyamba ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu chokonzekera maluwa aliwonse amkati ndi kutentha. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, panthawi ya kukula kwa nyengo, maluwa amkati a epiphyllum adzamasuka kutentha osati kupitirira 21-25 ºC. M'nyengo yachisanu-yozizira, kuti chomera chizipuma, kutentha sikuyenera kukhalapo kuposa 13-16 ºC, mwachitsanzo, kusamutsira ku window sill. 
Kuunikira
Monga mukudziwira, phyllocactus sakonda kuwamenya dzuwa. Kuwala komwe kumagunda duwa kuyenera kukhala kolimba, koma mogawidwa. Ndi bwino kulenga malo owala omwe amawonekera kummawa kapena kumadzulo. M'nyengo yotentha, duwa liyenera kuchitidwa kunja komwe kuli kotheka.
Ndikofunikira! Pamsewu, muyenera kuika kansalu kuti dzuwa lisalowe pamayendedwe ake, kuti asapewe kuyaka.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Epiphyllum ngakhale chomera chomera, koma chokhumba kwambiri pa chinyezi. Maluwa amafunika kuwonongedwa nthawi ndi nsalu yonyowa. Ndi kutentha kwa nyengo yaitali nthawi ya chilimwe kapena kukhalapo kwa zipangizo zamakono mu chipinda, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti azilamulira mpweya chinyezi mwa kupopera madzi madzi ndi botolo.
Kusankha mbale zobzala
Chofunika kwambiri mukadzala ndi zomera zina za maluwa epiphyllum, ndizo zomwe zidzakula. Posankha mawonekedwe, kukula ndi zinthu za mphika, muyenera kulingalira kukula kwa mmera ndi chizoloŵezi cha chomera kukula. Kusamba kwa epiphyllum wa zaka zitatu ndi zinayi zikuchitika pambuyo pa maluwa ake, pokhapokha mizu imaonekera kuchokera kumunsi otsekemera a mphika. Nthata zachitsamba zimayikidwa chaka chilichonse mu mphika masentimita angapo kuposa kale.
Mukudziwa? Kwa maluwa okongola odabwitsa, epiphyllum nthawi zina amatchedwa orchid.
Kukula kwa mphika
Popeza mizu ya cactus sichikulirakulira, mizu yake imakhala bwino m'miphika yopanda kanthu, ngakhale kuti kubzala m'miphika yakuya sikungapweteke. Pofuna kuyambitsa maluwa a epiphyllum, mphika uyenera kukhala wolimba mizu. Sankhani mphika wokwanira kwambiri masentimita 2-3 kuposa kale. Ngati mizu ya kansalu imakhala yamphamvu, mphika ukhale wozama.
Fomu yophika
Ngakhale miphika yowongoka kapena yowonongeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cacti, izi ndi zolakwika. Kuteteza danga pawindo, kukwanitsa kuika miphikayi kumapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda komanso kusokoneza mvula. Ngati simukufuna kuvulaza mbewu yanu, imbani mu mphika wozungulira.
Ndikofunikira! Kaya mtundu wanu mumphika, kumbukirani kuti pansi pake ayenera kukhala ndi mabowo okhetsa madzi. Popanda kuthawa, mizu idzavunda.
Mphika zakuthupi
Kusankhidwa kwa mphika zakuthupi ndikumasangalatsa kwambiri. Wina amakonda makeramik, winawake amakonda mapulasitiki. Ubwino wa mbiya ndi bwino kusinthanitsa mpweya ndi madzi chifukwa cha porosity ya zinthu, komanso maonekedwe a chilengedwe. Ubwino wa mphika wa pulasitiki ndiwo mphamvu yake yosunga madzi. Ngati chomeracho ndichinyamatayi, sichinakhazikitsidwe, ndi bwino kupatsa mphika wa pulasitiki.
Pansi pa mbeu epiphyllum
Mbali yachonde yowonjezera epiphyllum ikhoza kukonzedwa nokha, kapena mungagule kusakaniza kokonzekera mu sitolo yapadera. Ngati mukufuna kukonzekera dothi la epiphyllum nokha, muyenera kusakaniza mofanana 4: 4: 1: 1: 1 nthaka ya mtedza, tsamba lapansi, makala, mtsinje wa mtsinje, peat. Zofunika kwambiri pa gawo lapansi ndi chinyontho ndi kupuma, kutengeka. Kukonda kumaperekedwa kwa nthaka yochepa ya acidic.
Kubzala, kubalana ndi kubzala mbewu za epiphyllum
Ndizotheka kubweretsa chomera chodabwitsa choterocho ngati epiphyllum pakhomo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo: kubzala mbewu, kukula kudula, kapena kupatula mbali ya chitsamba chakale. Zotsatira za chipatso chanu zidzakhala zofanana - duwa lokhala ndi zowonongeka komanso maluwa okongola. Njira yowonjezera timadzi timene timayambira ku mbeu idzakhala yaitali, ndipo kuchepa kwachitsulo ndikutenga nthawi.
Kugawidwa kwa chitsamba chakale
Panthawi yoikapo chitsamba chachikulu chakale, mapesi angapo angapatulidwe kuti apeze mphukira yatsopano. Ndi bwino kubzala chitsamba mutatha maluwa. Zomwe zimayambira ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka komanso zamphamvu, mizu yovunduka yodula ndikusakanikirana ndi makala oyaka. Mizu yolekanitsidwa imayikidwa mu mphika wokonzeka ndi ngalande ndi yapadera gawo lapansi la cacti. Nthawi yoyamba mutatha kuika maluwa atsopano osasinthika, ulimi wothirira siwukwaniritsidwa kawirikawiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings
Ngati mukufuna kupeza chitsimikizo chomera, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kudula. Kudula kumaperekedwa mu April-May. Kwa cuttings, kudula kumapangidwa kuchokera ku thanzi zimayambira, cuttings 10-15 masentimita yaitali kutali pansi akuwongolera ngati zingwe. Kuchokera mmunda wa chomera, cuttings kwa masiku amodzi kapena awiri, chokani mu poto yopanda kanthu, kuikidwa kudula. Kenaka ikani cuttings mu gawo lapansi lopanda youma kufika 1.5 masentimita, pamwamba pake ndi mchenga 2 masentimita wandiweyani. Kutalika kwa mphika sayenera kupitirira masentimita 7. Phesi imayikidwa pamalo amdima, kuthirira kumayamba kuchokera tsiku lotsatira.
Njira ya Mbewu
Njira yobzala mbewu ndi yophweka. Mbewu zafesedwa miphika, kuthirizidwa ndi botolo lazitsulo lomwe liri ndi polyethylene kapena akhoza. Gawoli liyenera kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa 25 ºC. Mpweya wobiriwira uli ndi mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse. Pamene mphukira ikuwonekera, filimuyi imachotsedwa. Poyamba, zomera zimawoneka ngati zowoneka zokhazokha cacti, ndi nthawi yomwe mvula imatha ndipo nthambi zimakhala zosalala ndi zosalala. Epiphyllum imakula kuchokera ku mbewu osati kale kuposa zaka zisanu kenako.
Kusamalira Zomera
Kusamalira zomera kumatsata malamulo a kuthirira, kupanga zinthu zothandiza, kupopera mbewu ndi kudulira. Ndipotu, izi zimakhudza osati ntchito yofunika chabe ya duwa, komanso maluwa ake. Kuphatikizidwa ku malamulo osavuta kuti asamalire maluwawo, mutha kupewa zotsatira zosautsa m'mawonekedwe a matenda ndi chiwindi.
Mukudziwa? Epiphyllum imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala. Mothandizidwa ndi mavitamini opangidwa ndi cactus, psoriasis, matenda a ubongo ndi matenda am'mimba amachiritsidwa.
Epiphyllum kuthirira
Succulent imatsanulidwa nthawi zonse, madzi ayenera kupatulidwa, makamaka kufewa, kutentha kwa madzi kukhale kutentha. Pa nyengo yowonjezera yogwira, ulimi wothirira uyenera kukhala wowolowa manja, koma dothi la pamwamba mu mphika liyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yogwedeza. Chakumapeto kwa dzinja, ulimi wothirira wafupika, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, kuchepa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kumbukirani kuti dziko lapansi lisamaume bwino. Pakubwera kasupe, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumawonjezeka.
Epiphyllum kupopera mbewu
Popeza chilombocho chimakhala kumadera otentha komanso otentha, mosiyana ndi anthu ena, zomera zimakonda chinyontho kuti zikhale mlengalenga. M'nyengo yotentha, zimayambira zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumapangidwa ndi kutsitsi kapena kusamba. Madzi ayenera kukhala kutentha. Kutayira kumafuna kupereka mowolowa manja, kutseka nthaka kuchoka ku nthaka. Kupopera mbewu kumakhala bwino m'mawa kapena madzulo kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira kupopera mbewu mankhwala sikuchitika.
Kupatula Epiphyllum
Zomera monga epiphyllum, zimapangidwanso osati kumangiriza kapena kumangiriza, komanso kudula. Kudulira cactus ndi nthawi yomwe imachotsedwa mosavuta, yowonongeka, yozungulira, yozungulira, yomwe ili pansi pamaluwa, komanso kufupikitsa nthambi zapansi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa mbeu, m'pofunika kudula mitengo yomwe imatsogoleredwa mkati mwa zimayambira. Old cacti kudulidwa zimayambira popanda masamba ndi ophimba ndi Nkhata Bay. Pofuna kudulira mapesi akuthwa, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti masamba amapangidwa pa nthambi za chaka chatha. Nthambi zomwe zidaphuka chaka chatha sizikhazikanso masamba, koma zimatha kuchotsedwa patatha zaka 2-3, chifukwa zimapereka moyo wothandizira.
Feteleza ndi kudyetsa epiphyllum
Kuti musakondweretse moyo wanu, kuti mukhale opambana mu kudyetsa, kugula mu sitolo kawirikawiri fetereza kwa cacti. Kudyetsa, chomerachi chimafunika kukula (nyengo ya chilimwe-chilimwe). Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito nthawi 1 pa milungu iwiri. Pakati pa budding njere imatsanulira ndi mullein imadzipukutira ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 4. M'nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa kwaimitsidwa. Monga mchere pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza zosiyanasiyana za zomera zamkati.
Mavuto akukula epiphyllum
Mavuto ndi kukula kwa epiphyllum akhoza kungokhala ndi chisamaliro chosayenera cha duwa. Kuvuta ndi kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo cha cactus kumachitika pamene zinthu zina zachilengedwe zikuphwanyidwa:
- Ngati mapesi akuwuma kapena owuma - izi ndizochulukirapo m'nthaka kapena kukhudzana ndi zomera mu dzuwa;
- nthata imasiya kuphuka, masamba amatha, ndipo zimayambira mtundu - malo pomwe mumayika mphika sagwirizana;
- nthambi za phyllocactus zikuwuma ndi kufa - mwawononga mizu mwa kubzala maluwa;
- zimayambira kumangoyamba kuchoka ku zakudya zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa;
- Mzu wa zowola sungathe kuyambitsa fusarium, koma komanso kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu mphika, kuthirira madzi ozizira, kutentha kwa maluwa a dzuwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene masamba amayamba kupanga, duwa silingasunthike kuchoka kumalo ake ndi lopotoka, ndiyeno chibayo chidzawaponyera osasweka.
Ngati mukudabwa, momwe mungapezere epiphyllum kuti muphuke, ingozisiya. Ikani maluwa m'nyengo yozizira mu chipinda chopanda kuunikira komanso kutentha kwa mpweya osapitirira 12 ºC. Maluwawo adzapuma pang'ono ndi kusamalira bwino nyengo yachisanu-chilimwe idzakondweretsani ndi chiwawa. Ngati epiphyllum ikadalibe pachimake, kumbukirani kupanga kudulira kwa mphindi.
Tizilombo ndi matenda a epiphyllum
Epiphyllum yowopsya kwambiri aphid, scythe, kangaude mite ndi mealybug.
Kangaude mite Ngati muwona kuti epiphyllum yadzala ndi zibwebwe, ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha kangaude. Kukula kwa nkhupakupa kumasiyana ndi 0.3 mpaka 0.5 mm, akazi - ofiira-ofiira, amuna - ofiira owala. Malo owuma ofunda amakhala malo abwino okhalamo. Ndizoopsa chaka chonse. Cactus masamba omwe amapezeka ndi akangaude amatembenukira chikasu ndi owuma. Tizilombo tiri kumbuyo kwa pepala.
Zozizwitsa zimakhala zovuta kuti, pamene zosasinthika zochitika kuti abereke, mayiyo amatha kugwa pansi ndikulowa mu malo opumula asanayambe mkhalidwe woyenera wa moyo. Nkhuku imodzi imaika mazira 150 panthawi imodzi. Mukangomva kuti zokoma zili pa intaneti, nthawi yomweyo ayamba kuchita, chifukwa chachisanu, mkazi wina akhoza kuika mabadwo 8 mpaka 10 mazira. Ngati duwa silinakhudzidwe kwambiri, mukhoza kusamba mphukira ndi madzi a sopo, madzi a tincture a adyo. Ngati mukuwononga kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena colloidal sulfure.
Shchitovki. Chizindikiro cha matenda a duwa ndi chishango ndi maonekedwe a madontho achikasu pa thunthu, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakula kukula. Ndiye zimayambira kutembenukira chikasu ndi kupiringa. Kubwezeretsa shinovok kumachitika ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya. Ophatikizidwa ku phesi, amawoneka ngati mamba kapena kukula. Zotsatira za matenda ndikumangidwa, ndipo chifukwa chake maluwa amatha.
Kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafunikira:
- brush kapena siponji yofewa,
- yankho la madzi soapy, adyo madzi tincture kapena tizilombo yankho.
Aphid Choopsa makamaka maluwa amachita aphid. Kukula kwa tizilombo kufika 2 mm, akazi alibe mapiko, amuna ali nawo. Mtundu - wobiriwira, wachikasu, wofiira, wofiira. Kukhala m'madera akuluakulu pa mphukira zazing'ono kuchokera pansipa, amamwa madzi kuchokera ku maluwa, kuwapangitsa kukhala otupa, amanyamula matenda a tizilombo. Zigawo za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimataya mtundu, ndipo duwa limadzazidwa ndi mankhwala othandizira.
Pochotseratu nsabwe za m'masamba, muyenera kuchotsa pazidutswa za maluwa, kuti zithetsedwe ndi madzi a sopo ndi mafuta odzola. Ngati duwa limadabwa kwambiri, ndi bwino kudula mphukira. Ngati kuli kotheka, bweretsani mankhwala pambuyo pa masiku 7-10.
Mealybug. Thupi la munthu wamkulu lifika pamtundu wa 3-4 mm, ovini, pinki kapena lalanje, wokhala ndi white patina (matumba omwe ali ndi mazira). Mealybugs amasonkhana m'madera omwe ali pansi pa nthambi kapena pamwamba pa mphukira zazing'ono, kumwa madzi kumaluwa. Ikani anawo mu zipilala zoyera, ndipo maluwawo, omwe amawakhudza, amawoneka ngati chipale chofewa kuchokera ku ubweya wa thonje. Nkhumbazi zimayambitsa kwambiri zomera: kukula kwa mphukira kuli koletsedwa. Nkhuku zakuda zikhoza kuoneka pa ntchentche zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mphutsi. Mazira a udzu amachotsedwa mu duwa ndi swab ya thonje kapena siponji yonyowa. Ndiye malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatsukidwa ndi chinkhupule choviikidwa mu madzi asapu kapena mowa wothira madzi kapena vodka. Ngati duwa limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo, ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zina mwa matenda omwe amafala kwambiri ndi fusarium, anthracnose, dzimbiri ndi kuvunda wakuda.
Fusarium Ngati ali ndi matendawa, nthambi za mandimu zimakhala zofiira, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mtundu wa tsinde ndiko kuvunda kwa mizu ya maluwa. Chitani chomeracho m'malo mwa gawo lapansi mu mphika, kudula mizu yovunda ndi kuwachitira ndi phulusa. Chifukwa cha fusarium ndi chinyezi chambiri mu mphika ndi madzi okwanira ambiri.
Kutupa. Mabala amtundu amapangidwa pa zimayambira. Chifukwa cha ulimi wambiri wothirira pa kutentha kwapansi, dzuwa kapena chinyezi pa nthambi pa ulimi wothirira. Maluwa amadulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Topaz.
Black kuvunda Kuwonetsetsa kwa matendawa ngati mawonekedwe ofiira wakuda pa zimayambira. Matenda opatsirana amadulidwa, mdulidwewu umatetezedwa ndi matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito makala, ndipo maluwawo amathiridwa ndi Readzole.
Anthracnose. Mawanga a Brown amaoneka pa zokoma zimayambira. Matsempha opatsirana ayenera kuchotsedwa kapena kukonzedwa mwamsanga. Mdulidwewu umatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chomeracho chimaphatidwa ndi njira yothetsera fungicide iliyonse.
