Mphuno yoyera kapena pinki kuchokera kwa makolo apamwamba - Timur mphesa zosiyanasiyana

Mphesa Kuyambira kale, idakula m'madera akummwera a dziko lathu.

Komabe, kuyambika kwa mafakitale a viticulture kumagwirizana ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17 - nthawi yoika minda yapadera m'madera ozungulira kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Caspian mpaka ku Nyanja ya Azov.

Anayesa kuswa munda wamphesa pafupi ndi Moscow, koma nyengo yonse yozizira, mitengo yochokera ku Kiev ndi Chuguev inayenera kuikidwa mosamala ndi nthambi za matt ndi spruce. Munda uwu sunakhalitse.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mphesa za Timur, komanso kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa mitundu ndi chithunzi cha chipatso.

Mbiri yobereka

Sizodziwikiratu kuti malo otsogolera omwe amasankhidwa atsopano amtundu wa mphesa amapezeka m'madera otchuka a viticulture a ku Russia.

VNIIViV iwo. Potapenko wakhalapo ku Novocherkassk kuyambira 1936 ndipo pa nthawiyi iye analembetsa mu State Register kuposa 50 mitundu ya mbewu, 21 - yake kusankha. Zina mwa izo, kutchuka ndi Harold, Red Delight, Pearl ndi Denisovsky.

Cholinga cha bungwe lofufuza - Kupititsa patsogolo mphesa kumpoto - kuthetsedwa bwino: Yekaterinburg ndi Vyatka akhala malire a kulima lero.

Zina zosiyanasiyana zosagwirizana ndi nyengo za ku Russia zakhala "Timur". Ndipo dzina lake limadziwika kuti ali ndi makhalidwe apadera: kusokonezeka kwa chisanu ndi matenda opatsirana, chifukwa kumasulira kuchokera ku Turkic kumatanthauza "Iron".

Maziko a njira yopitilirayo adatengedwa mitundu iwiri yotchuka ya tebulo, yodziwika ndi kukoma kokoma ndi agrotechnical makhalidwe:

1. Mphesa za Moldavia Gulu la Muscat "Frumoasa Albe" ("White Beauty"), lomwe lili ndi masewera okoma 8.2.

   Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi kutentha. Mtundu wa ogulitsa mabakiteriya aakulu ndi zokolola zamakono nthawi zonse - cholinga china chosankhira "Frumoas Albe" mu kholo limodzi.

   Kulimbana komweko kumalo kungadzitamande kupatula kuti Kukongola kwa kumpoto, Super Extra ndi Arched.

2. Mphesa Yamakondwera - kupambana kwa Novocherkassk kuswana kunatsimikiziridwa pazaka.

   Iye adadziŵa pang'onopang'ono gawo loyambira ku viticulture: Belarus, mayiko a Baltic, Siberia, ku Far East.

   Pofuna kusuta shuga komanso kupambanitsa kwa dzanja, imaposa "Kukongola Kwakuyera", imasungidwa pamtunda mutatha kucha ndipo imapitiriza kufotokozera nthawi yaitali kusiyana ndi mtundu wa Moldavia.

Mphamvu yapadera ya kholo la zomera kulenga nkhuni zosatha komanso zabwino kwambiri zowonjezera mizu ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu watsopano wosakanizidwa, wotchedwa "Timur".

Ku Middle Ages, amonke a amonke ankakonda kulima mipesa m'nyumba za amonke. M'zaka za zana la 18, mphesa za mphesa zinamanga Demidov m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Moscow. Ndipo isanayambe kulengedwa kwa All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Investigations, iwo adagwira ntchito yosankha okha ku Odessa.

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Watsopano wosakanizidwa wopatsidwa kuchokera kwa makolo apamwamba:

1. luso lotha kupanga mungu (maluwa);
2. chiyanjano ndi chilengedwe chonse;
3. masiku oyambirira oti alowe mu gawo labwino (kwa chaka chachiwiri);
4. kusamba msanga (mkati mwa masiku 100);
5. chochita fruiting;
6. kuuma kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe abwino a brush;
7. Zipatso zazikulu, zowirira, zooneka ngati mafuta ophika ndi zonunkhira bwino;
8. khungu, losavuta kuluma, khungu;
9. shuga wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha makolo (25%);
10. Kuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mfundo 2.2;
11. chisanu kukana index mkati -25оС.

Ponena za shuga wambiri, Angelica, Krasa Nikopol ndi Lydia ali ndi chizindikiro chomwecho.

Kuipa mphesa mitundu "Timur" kuphatikizapo:

• chithunzi;
• zovuta zogwirizana ndi nthaka ndi kudyetsa;
• akusowa kukangana.

Amirkhan, Husayne Bely ndi Vityaz amakhalanso ndi maluwa okwatirana.

Chithunzi

Chithunzi cha mphesa cha Timur:

Kutanthauzira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ya Timur

1. Chitsamba chili ndi mphamvu (kufika mamita 3), ndipo mphukira zambiri zimatengera 40 peresenti. Wodziwika ndi:
   • kuchepetsa mawu okonzekera fruiting;
   • kumapeto kwa zamasamba (pakati pa mwezi wa August);
   • mphukira zabwino (70%);
   • Kukaniza matenda a fungal, omwe amafanana ndi 2.2 mfundo.
2. Mphukira ndi yamphamvu, yomwe imatha kuphuka 1-2 masango; Cholinga cha chithandizo chokongoletsera chingakhale chokongoletsera chilengedwe.
3. Flower hermaphroditic, anasonkhana mu burashi.
4. Tsamba ndi lobiriwira, masamba asanu ndi kudulidwa kozama ndi mano kumbali.
5. Masangowa ndi osasunthika, amawoneka mozungulira, pa chisa cha sing'anga. Burashi lalikulu (pafupifupi 800 gr.)
6. Mitengo yayikulu yamitundu yambiri imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wobiriwira: Ndili ndi mtundu wonse wa pinki, ngakhale wofiirira. Khungu ndi lakuya kuposa la makolo osiyanasiyana, koma amadya. Zakudya zakhuta ndizitali. Zosangalatsa zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo 8.2.
7. Wosakanizidwa akadali pansi pano, kotero chisanu kukana ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda a fungalutsidwe ndi makolo ngati apamwamba.
8. Kuyenda kwa zipatso kumawunikira.

Mtundu wa pinki Zipatsozi zimaperekedwa ndi mankhwala omwe alipo m'matumba - anthocyanin. Zimathandiza thupi lathu kumenyana kutupa, kuwonongeka kwa mavitamini ku mitsempha ya magazi komanso ngakhale maselo a khansa.

Mitundu ya pinki ndi Flamingo ya Pinki, Annie ndi Arcadia.

Mphesa pa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku - chinsinsi cha zakudya zabwino.

Kudya mitundu monga "Timur", kwambiri yabwino kwa watsopano:

• mabulosiwa ndi aakulu komanso amadzimadzi, opanda asidi owonjezera;
• khungu ndi lovuta komanso losavuta kuluma;
• Nkhumba ndizochepa ndipo ndizochepa (2-3).

Subspecies za mphesa

White

Mphesa "Timur" kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri, monga mbewu zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi pang'ono mphamvu ya kukula, chisanu kukana, oyambirira yakucha ndi khola fruiting.

1. Mfupi yochepa chitsamba amadziwika momwe angayambire - kutali ndi anyamata aatali omwe angathe kuphimba mbewu, kumeta kapena kuzisunga ndi mphukira zawo.
2. Achinyamata amawombera amathandizidwa mwamsanga mu njira ya fruiting ndipo amatha kukula mpaka kukula msinkhu mpaka masango atatu (bwino ndi 95%).
3. Maluwa zobiriwira, zobiriwira, ndi chiwalo chachikazi - pistil, ndi amphine - stamens, omwe amakwezedwa pamwamba pa ovary.
4. Leaf osati lalikulu kwambiri, osadulidwa kwambiri, makwinya, opanda kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mbali yotsutsana.
5. Mabungwe wandiweyani kapena wambiri wosasunthika, wothira pamodzi, ndi zipatso zosiyana siyana; gulu lolemera mpaka 600 g; m'chaka chachitatu cha moyo, pamene akukangana, akhoza kufika 2 kg.
6. Zipatso lalikulu (mpaka 8g.), woyera-wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira panthawi yokhwimitsa, wodya ndi pepala lokoma la nutmeg; osati pafupi ndi peyala.
7. Kufufuza kulawa kulawa - 8.5 mfundo.
8. Pa zokolola zolimba, zosiyana zimapangitsa kuti zisonyezero za zipatso, koma zimapangitsa nthawi yakucha.
9. Muyenera kukonzekera kuti kudulira kwa nthawi yaitali kumachepetsa zokolola za mphukira.
10. Mtengo wa nthaka ungakhudze kukoma kwa zipatso zopsa.
11. Kusungidwa bwino Pambuyo pazitsamba popanda kutaya kukoma, koma pa kayendetsedwe kazitsulo sizakhazikika (kokha kwa maulendo aifupi).

Mitunduyi ikuphatikizidwa bwino pamapangidwe otseguka a nyumba: iwo akhoza kulimbikitsa kukhetsedwa pa khonde kapena gazebo. Pankhaniyi, "Timur" idzaphatikiza zokongoletsa ndi fruiting.

Pinki

Kodi ndife amodzi omwewo?

Ndi zachilendo kuti mtundu wosakanizidwa woterewu ukhale ngati "Timur", analandira kupitilira muyeso ina yosankha "OV" mphesa Elite "(Zaporozhye).

Mphesa wonyezimira woyera "Timur" wopangidwa ndi kholo limodzi.

Kwa kutuluka kwa watsopano wosakanizidwa - "Timamu pinki" (kondomu yosankhidwa ZT-4-5), mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Red Delight" kuchokera ku kusankha kwa Kuban inasankhidwanso, yopereka mtundu watsopano wa pinki.

Kufananitsa magawo akulu ndi white "timur" mbadwa yake ya pinki inawonjezeka kwambiri:

• mu kukula kwa chitsamba (kwa sing'anga komanso ngakhale kutalika kwakukulu)
• mu kukula kwa burashi (kulemera kwapakati 800 gr.);
• mu kukula ndi kukoma kwa zipatso;
• mu makulidwe a khungu la zipatso, motero kuwonjezeka kuyenda.

Maonekedwe a mwana wamkazi sanafike pa msinkhu wokwanira msinkhu wa kholo (nthawi yoyamba ndi masiku 110), ndi khalidwe brush "timur pinki" omwe amadziwika kuti akulephera. Koma zipatso zambirizo zinakhala zokongola kwambiri za pinki, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala zokongola za munda ndi phwando.

Mu mtundu watsopano wosakanizidwa pakusankhidwa, mdani anawonekera ngati mawonekedwe a kangaude. Choncho, posankha pakati pa kukongola kwa zipatso ndi kukana matenda, wamaluwa amakonda Timur kukhala woyera.

Gwiritsani ntchito

Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito bwino mitundu ya tebulo:

• masana, mukhoza kudya makilogalamu 1.5 a mphesa (kapena 700 ml ya madzi), kugawaniza bukuli muyeso 3 (musanadye chakudya mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya katatu pa tsiku);
• Zipatso zimadyetsedwa osachepera mphindi 40 (maola 1.5 apamwamba) asanadye chakudya;
• ngakhale mabulosi awa amadziwika ndi ife monga chakudya, musamadye mphesa mwamsanga mutadya chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndi mafuta;
• mphesa sizigwirizana ndi zakumwa za carbonate ndi chokoleti;
• anapatsidwa kalori wokhutira ndi chipatso ichi, nkotheka kuti ukhale m'malo mwawo, mwachitsanzo, chakudya chamadzulo;
• pali mphesa mitundu ya tebulo yomwe imafunika ndi khungu ndi miyala, zomwe zili ndi antioxidants ndi zinthu zopindulitsa;
• Pambuyo pa zokomazo, nkofunika kutsuka pakamwa, kuti tipewe zotsatira za asidi pazitsulo za dzino;

Mphesa ali ndi zotsutsana zambiri, kotero zimadyedwa kokha mwa kufunsa dokotala.

Mphesa imachiza matenda ambiri, imatulutsa mphamvu, imayambitsa njira zamagetsi m'thupi. Kuchiza kwa mphesa - m'mawu ena ampelotherapy - tsopano ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ya malo osungiramo malo osokoneza bongo m'mayiko ambiri.

Mitundu yotchuka ya tebulo ndi Karmakod, Korinka ndi Alexander.

Pakuti mphesa zosiyanasiyana zamphesa zingapangidwe:

1. madzi atsopano monga gawo la zakudya;
2. compote wa mphesa (watsopano kapena wosakanizidwa, kuchokera ku mphesa zina - ndi kuwonjezera zipatso zina);
3. fayilo - yophika ndi yothira madzi ndi zonunkhira ndi wophwanyika walnuts;
4. mphesa zowonongeka monga gawo labwino la mbale mbale kapena mtundu wa zokometsera;
5. odzola (popanda kuwonjezera gelatin) kuchokera ku mphesa yophika motengera zofunikira zapadera;
6. siketi kuchokera ku mitundu yambiri ya mphesa;
7. mphukira yamphesa;
8. churchkhelu - kukoma kwa kummawa komwe kumadziwika kwa onse;
9. chakumwa chauchidakwa - chochokera kwa mphamvu ya mphesa mu madzi a shuga;
10. ndi maphikidwe angapo kuti azikonzekera zigawo za kukula mphesa.

Chisamaliro

1. Inoculation pa masitima akale ndi bwino kuchita masika.
2. Pakuti rootstocks yabwino kusankha zomera-kukula zomera.
3. Kuchokera obzalidwa mbande sayenera kuyembekezera posachedwapa zambiri zokolola.
4. Malo abwino kwambiri a mitundu iyi ya mphesa ndi pansi pa khoma la nyumba kuchokera kumwera kapena kum'mwera cha kumadzulo.
5. "Timur" imakonda nthaka yofunda ndi yotentha, yokhala ndi feteleza ndi zinthu zakutchire, yokwanira potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni (popanda kupitirira malire).
6. Ndi madzi okwanira nthawi yoyamba ya nyengo yokula, kuchokera nthawi yomwe zipatso zimapsa, siyani kuthirira (kupatula chilala).
7. Ngakhale ananena kuti kulimbana kwa chisanu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafuna malo okhala m'nyengo yozizira, makamaka kumpoto.

Kondani ntchito ya manja anu - ndi mphesa "Timur" adzayankha ndi zipatso zochuluka za zipatso zabwino.