Abutilon ndi chomera chomwe chimachokera ku banja la Malvaceae. Duwa limasiyana masamba oyambira omwe amafanana ndi mapulo. Ku Russia, mutha kupeza mitundu ingapo ya maluwa: wosakanizidwa, Amazonia, milozo ndi Mesopotamian. Momwe mungakulire abutilone wamkati, chisamaliro chanji kunyumba kuti apereke - nkhani zomwe zimakhudza ambiri omwe amalima maluwa ku Russia.
Abutilon (mapulo amkati): chisamaliro chakunyumba
Kugula mapu apanyumba, momwe mungasamalire ndikofunika kukonza nthawi yomweyo. Abutilon ndi chomera chojambula bwino chomwe chimakonda kuyipitsa kuyatsa. Duwa limayikidwa bwino pawindo lomwe limayang'ana kumadzulo, kummawa kapena kumwera chakum'mawa.
Zikuwoneka bwanji
Chinyezi
Mpweya wouma kwambiri m'chipindacho ungapangitse kuti maluwa ayime komanso masamba agwe. Zoterezi zimatha kuchitika nthawi yoyamba kutentha. Osayika maluwawo pafupi ndi otenthetsa.
Zambiri! Popewa kugwa kwa masamba, mutha kuyika thireyi lamadzi pafupi ndi mphikawo.
Zofunikira zowunikira
Kuperewera kwa kuyatsa kumayambitsa kupindika masamba ndi kutalika kwa tsinde. M'chilimwe, mphika wokhala ndi chomera umalimbikitsidwa kuti uyikidwe pa bwalo lakunja. Simungathe kupopera maluwa omwe ali dzuwa. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
M'nyumba abutilone kunyumba amafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Choopseza mapulo amkati ndi kukonzekera. Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya m'nyumba m'nyengo yotentha kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 16-25 ° C. Mu nyengo yotentha, kutha kwa masamba kumachitika. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kupopera mbewuzo.
Ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isathe, chifukwa abutilon ayamba kuphuka. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumawoneka ngati kukongoletsa masamba. Nthawi yakula muyenera kudyetsa mbewu ndi feteleza ndi michere 1 munthawi ya masiku 14.
Mapulo ndi duwa lanyumba, chisamaliro chomwe chimasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku geranium. M'nyengo yozizira, pali kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mbewu. Maluwa safuna nyambo yowonjezera. Kutentha kwambiri kwamkati nthawi yozizira kuyenera kukhala kuzungulira 18-22 ° C.
Tcherani khutu! Chifukwa cha kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuyanika panthaka kungathe kupewedwa. Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa mizu, mutha kukhazikitsa poto pachidutswa cha thovu.
Momwe zimaswana
Pali njira zingapo zolerera mapulo amkati.
Kudula
Kuti muchite ndondomekoyi, muyenera kutenga mphukira za apical. Amayikidwa mumchenga wosakanizika, peat ndi gawo lapansi. Kuti apange malo okhala, malo odulidwa amakutidwa ndi kapu ka cellophane film. Zomerazi ziyenera kupatsidwedwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Choyamba chikuwombera
Zofunika! Ubwino wa njira yazomera yogwiritsira ntchito abutilon imaphatikizanso kusungidwa kwa utoto wa maluwa.
Kuti mukonzekere kubzala, muyenera kutsatira malangizo amotsatira gawo:
- Choyamba muyenera kudula zodula kuchokera ku mphukira zathanzi. Kutalika kwake kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 10-14 cm.
- Kudula kwa chogwirira kumayenera kukonkhedwa ndi makala kuletsa kufalitsa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
- Ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba ndi masamba pansi pazomera.
- Zitatha izi, zodulidwazo zimayikidwa m'nthaka yokonzedwa. Imathandizirani mapangidwe a mizu pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la zircon.
Tcherani khutu! Njira yodulira imakhala yopindulitsa chifukwa imathandizira njira yodulira mapulo amkati.
Mbewu
Kuti mukule abutilon kuchokera kumbewu, muyenera kukonza momwe mumabzala. M'malo mwanjira ya potaziyamu permanganate, wamaluwa adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandiza kwambiri pochotsa mbewu (phytosporin, trichodermin).
Mbeu iliyonse iyenera kunyowa m'madzi pa kutentha kwa 15 ° C. Mphukira ziyenera kuwonekera mkati mwa masiku 21.
Mukakulitsa abutilone, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito hybrid ya Juliet. Kutalika kwa mbewuyo kumatha kufika mita 1.5. Abutilon wosakanizidwa wosakanizidwa ndi Bellevue amadziwika kuti ndi maluwa osavomerezeka. Kukula kuchokera ku nthanga kumafuna kuti wobzala maluwa azikonzekera.
Katemera
Pali mwayi wopanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera pa thunthu limodzi la abutilon.
Kudulira
Kuti muchepetse abutilone, muyenera kuganizira nthawi yazaka. Mphukira zimafupikitsidwa kwambiri mchaka. Popanda kudulira, abutilon samangotaya mawonekedwe ake, koma amaleka kutulutsa. Kuphatikiza apo, amafunika kupanga korona wokongola mpaka 1.5 m.
Mukadulira, amadyawo amabwezeretseka kwathunthu patadutsa milungu ingapo. Akuwombera kuti ayenera kumanikizidwa mpaka 1/3 ya kutalika koyambirira. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mbewuyo imayenera kusamutsidwa kuchipinda chofunda.
Kodi abutilone amachepetsa bwanji?
Tcherani khutu! Kutalika kwa chomera mukadulira kakhale pafupifupi masentimita 30. Pang'onopang'ono, mutha kumera chitsamba chokhazikika.
Dothi labwino
Dothi labwino kwambiri la abutilone liyenera kukhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira komanso kupuma. Popewa chlorosis, pH iyenera kukhala pakati pa 6-7.
Dothi lokonzeka duwa lomwe mungagule m'sitolo
Kukula abutilon, muthanso kukonza nthaka yanu. Monga maziko, peat yamavalo ndi humus amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zopangira feteleza zimawonjezeredwa ku msanganizo womalizidwa. Kodi kuphatikiza:
- Magawo awiri padziko lapansi;
- Gawo 1 humus;
- 1.5 magawo amchenga wowuma.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Zowopsa za abutilon ndizilombo: whitefly, buibui mite, mealybug, scutellum. Tizilombo timene timadya timadzi tambiri ndipo timatha kubweretsa chimera.
Kuti muzindikire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa masamba ndi zitsamba kuti ziwonongeke kunja. Pofuna kuthana ndi nkhupakupa ndi zovala zoyera, ma fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amatha kuwononga tizirombo.
Maonekedwe ofanana ndi duwa loyera
Ikakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew, kuphimba koyera kumawonekera kumtunda kwamasamba. Mutha kuthana ndi tizirombo pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka. Kuwonongeka kwa mbewa zazikulu kumabweretsa chikaso ndi kugwa kwamasamba. Kupulumutsa abutilone, muyenera kuthana ndi duwa poyimitsidwa ndi pyrethrum kapena yankho la decis.
Kugonjetsedwa ndi mealybug kumadziwonetsera mu mawonekedwe a cholembera, komwe kumapangitsa kuti mpweya uzitenga ndi kuwala. Potere, masamba a duwa amayamba kupindika. Matendawa amasokoneza mizu ya duwa. Mutha kuthana ndi mealybug pochiza ndi swab ya thonje yomilizidwa mu mowa.
Zofunika! Madera okhudzidwa amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi karbofos.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati masamba akutembenukira chikasu
Kodi masamba abutilon amasanduka achikasu? Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimatsogolera ku izi:
- abutilone alibe kuwala kapena michere;
- kuthirira mosasamba;
- mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo.
Masamba achikasu chifukwa chosowa nayitrogeni
Popanda kufufuza zinthu, masamba abutilon amayamba kugwa. Ochita maluwa amawona kuchepa kwa mbewu. Monga chovala chapamwamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama mineral "Ferrovit". Masamba achikasu amatha kuoneka ngati matalala maluwa akamira pazifukwa zachilengedwe.
Chifukwa chiyani abutilon curl masamba
Masamba a Abutilon amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa chifukwa cha malo osayenerana ndi chilengedwe. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwakukulu kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana kuyambira 16 ° C mpaka 25 ° C. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyo imakakumana ndi kuchuluka kwa dzuwa.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati masamba abutilon agwa
Kufota kumafotokozera madzi okwanira. Kufufuza kuperewera kumawonekera mu mawonekedwe a kugwa kobiriwira. Abutilone amataya masamba ngati muzu zowola zachitika chifukwa chinyezi zochulukirapo.
Cholinga cha izi chikhoza kukhala kuthirira kosayenera, kutentha kwambiri kapena kusowa kwa kuwala. M'pofunikanso kuyendera mbewuzo kuti iwone ngati tizilombo taonongeka. Kutulutsa masamba kungaphatikizidwe ndi maola ochepa masana. Njirayi ikuwonetsa kukonzekera kwa abutilon nyengo yachisanu.
Abutilon ndi chomera chachikulu kwambiri, chomwe anthu ambiri amawakonda. Osayikanso mphika wamaluwa pafupi ndi zida zamagetsi. Kutentha kwambiri kwa nyengo yotentha kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 16-25 ° C. Ndipo imaphuka nthawi yonse ya chilimwe ndikusangalala ndi masamba ake.
