Kubzala maluwa mu kugwa panja ndikuwasamalira

Kubzala maluwa m'dzinja kumafuna luso, popeza kusakhazikika kwa nyengo, mawonekedwe a mitundu ndi kufunika kosankha dothi labwino kumapangitsa kuti maluwawa akhale njira yopweteketsa.

Mukadzala maluwa mu kugwa

Nthawi yoyenera kubzala mphukira m'nthaka imadziwika kuti ndi Seputembara kapena Okutobala. Poterepa, nthangala yakeyo imakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu isanayambe chisanu woyamba.

M'matawuni, nyengo yozizira imachitika mochedwa, koma ku Siberia ndi Urals, kutentha kwa subzero kumawonedwa kale kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Chifukwa chake, kulima kwa mbewuzi kumpoto kwa dziko kumafunikira kubzala koyambirira, komanso kusankha mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu.

Kudzala maluwawa ndi maluwa kuli ndiubwino zingapo zomwe zimatsimikizira chaka chamawa kulandira chitsamba cholimba komanso chamaluwa:

• Munthawi imeneyi, chinyezi cha mpweya ndi 70-80%, chomwe ndi 10-20% kuposa nthawi yamasika. Chizindikiro ichi chimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbeu.
• Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mvula, maluwa safuna kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zambiri.
• Dothi ndilofunda, lomwe limakhudzana ndi kupitilizanitsa kwa maluwa. Kutentha kwadothi kuli pamwamba +14 ° С.

Komabe, pali mitundu yomwe imatha kubzala kokha ndi kubzala kwa masika. Mwachitsanzo, Kalonga Wamtundu Wachilendo wotchuka kwambiri, mitundu ya maluwa a Floribund amabzalidwa mu Meyi-June. Mwa awa, mitengo yokhazikika yokhala ndi korona wozungulira wamitundu yosiyanasiyana imapangidwa. Mwakukhala, mbewu zoterezi zitha kutengedwa pakubzala kasupe kapena koyambirira kwa nyengo yophukira, koma kumadera akumwera okha.

Kubzala maluwa poyera: nuances ndi ukadaulo

Kubzala maluwa kumachitika mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira, koposa zonse, kutsatira bwino umisiri.

Kusankha Mmera

Gawo loyamba la maluwa oswana - kusankha kwa zinthu zoti mubzale. Maluwa amatha kukhala ndi chitseko chotseguka kapena chatsekeka ndipo chimatha kupezeka ku nazale zapakhomo kapena zakunja.

Ma bus omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa mizu amabzalidwa mukangogula, chifukwa amagulitsidwa pamitengo yolima. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, amakhala mosavuta mizu.

Zitsanzo zapakhomo zimagulidwa kokha mu kugwa ndi kwa obereketsa odalirika. Mbewu zakunja zimasanthulidwa mosamala kuti zikule bwino, ngati zilipo, ndiye mbewu yobzalidwa kasupe.

Samalani ndi nyengo ya maluwa a toyesa, kugwa kwawo kwa chisanu (koyenera zigawo zakumpoto).

Malo

Maluwa ngati malo owuyika bwino, dzuwa lambiri, pomwe masamba ake amawonekera kwambiri. Komabe, malo omwe malowedwe achindunji amalowera sakukwanira, chifukwa ma petals amatembenuka ndikutentha, kuwotcha kumachitika ndi malangizowo.

Malo okhala ndi mthunzi ndi oletsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa maluwa amatenga dzuwa, kutambasulidwa, kenako kufowoka. Dongosolo ili limawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malo okhala ndi zojambula sizili bwino, chifukwa mphezi za mphepo zimaswa masamba a maluwa.

Njira yabwino ndiyo gawo lakumwera chakum'mawa kwa mundawo.

Maluwa amakonda kuchotsedwa m'nyumba ndi mbewu zina. Maluwa awa sangathe kubzala zipatso zamiyala ya zipatso, chifukwa amachepetsa nthaka, makamaka chivundikiro pansi.

Dothi

Maluwa amakonda kupuma pang'ono padziko lapansi. Madzi ndi okosijeni amayenda molimba kuzimba mu ma chernozems ndi loams.

Ma sandstones ndi sandstones si njira yabwino kwambiri, nthawi yotentha amayamba kuwotchera ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira amayamba kuzizira. Kusiyana kotereku kumakhudza chizungulire. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amawongolera zinthuzi powonjezera peat, laimu ndi manyowa owola pamtunda wofanana. Ndi kuyanika mwachangu dothi, dongo limawonjezeredwa, likugona mu dzenje lodzala ndi masentimita 7-8. Pakati pa Seputembala, pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, potaziyamu monophosphate amawonjezeredwa m'njira yankho.

Kubzala chiwembu cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa

Mu Seputembala, mitengo yamtchire imabzalidwa mozama kuposa m'nthaka ya nazale, popeza mbande sizikula nthawi yachisanu. Mitundu yomwe ikukwera imakhudzika kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe mizu yowonjezereka imamera.

1. Mukabzala, mizu yanyengoyi imafalikiranso mosiyanasiyana ndikuwaza ndi dothi kotero kuti imagwirizana kwambiri ndi duwa ndipo mulibe voids.
2. Nthaka yathanzi imatsanuliridwa pansi pa dzenjelo, maluwa amayiyikapo.
3. Dzenje limadzaza ndi dothi, loyendetsedwa ndi madzi.
4. Dothi lapansi lokwanira 20 cm limatsanulidwa pafupi ndi maziko a chitsamba, izi zimateteza mizu ya chomera kuti chisanu.
5. Popeza idakulungidwa dothi, imathiridwa ndi zidebe zingapo zamadzi (pachitsamba chilichonse).
6. Pambuyo pakusintha kwanyontho, pansi limakutidwa ndi dothi louma, ndipo mabowo amapangidwa mozungulira mbande kuti apange madzi.

Kutalikirana pakati pa mitundu yamapaki kumayambira 75 cm mpaka 1 m, chifukwa atakula ali ndi korona wakufalikira. Mtunda pakati pa tiyi wosakanizidwa, mitundu ya polyanthus ndi maluwa a floribunda ndikuyambira 30 mpaka 60 cm.

Thirani Rose mu kugwa kupita kwina

Rozi ndi duwa losazindikira ndipo limalekerera zokolola bwino. Nthawi yoyenera ndi Seputembala-Okutobala. Khalani nthawi yamadzulo kapena madzulo.

• Chitsamba chimakumbidwa mosamala, osayesa kuvulaza mizu (mukamakanda maluwa akuluakulu, njirayi ndi yovuta). Zowonongeka zazing'ono sizoyipa, maluwa amachira msanga.
• Khungubwe limakumbidwa mozungulira, pang'onopang'ono kulowa pansi. Muzu muzu ukadzadza, umadulidwa. Chomera chimachotsedwa mu dzenjelo, kuti chimbudzi chake chisade. Duwa limasunthidwa kupita kumalo atsopano mufilimu, tarpaulin kapena thumba lalikulu.
• Bowo lakonzedwa zokulirapo kuposa mizu. Limbitsani ndi masentimita a 5-6. Mbewuyo imathiriridwa madzi mosamala, ndipo dzenjelo limayatsidwa.

Tchuthi zazitali zimamangidwa ndi chithandizo, chifukwa chifukwa cha mphepo yomwe imakonda kuwerama ndipo imatha kuwerama, ndipo zimavuta kuzisenda. Kudulira kumayendetsedwa kufikira masika.

Kudula kwa maluwa m'dzinja ndi njira zina zofalitsira

Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira maluwa:

• Kudula. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti maluwa samapereka mphukira zakuthengo. Chodulidwa chimadulidwa pafupi ndi tsamba ladzuwa, kenako ndikumera mu kukulitsa kukulitsa kukonzekera. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa nthambizu, duwa libzalidwa panthaka.
• Okulirovka. Choyambitsa chimapangidwa ngati chilembo cha T pa khungulo ya tsinde, pafupi ndi dothi, chimayikidwa impso m'maso mwake ndikukhazikika ndi filimu. Kuchita opareshoni sikuli kovuta, koma chidziwitso ndichofunika.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu. Njira imeneyi sikuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa zaka zingapo akuyembekezeka kutulutsa. Kumera kwa izi kubzala zinthu ndizochepa.
• Kuyika. Chifukwa chake, maluwa akukwera ndi zitsamba amazidulira, popeza amatalika komanso yolimba. M'munsi mwa mphukira kupanga chinsalu cha kutalika kwa 8 cm, kuyikapo machesi. Gawo ili la thunthu limayikidwa pansi ndikuyika, nsonga yaulere imalumikizidwa ndi msomali. Chomera chokhazikitsidwa chimasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba.

Njira ya Burrito

Ku America, njira yatsopano idapangidwa - "burrito". Ichi ndi mbale yachikhalidwe yaku Mexico yakudzazidwa, kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi njira yoswana iyi.

1. Zidula zimadula kutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 20 kusiya masamba olimba kwambiri. Pansi kudula pansi pa impso, ndipo pamwambapa - pakati pa mphukira. Amatsukidwa ndikusankhidwa amphamvu kwambiri, osakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
2. Odula adakulungidwa mu nyuzipepala. Nthawi yomweyo, kudula ndikudzaza, ndipo pepala ndi burrito.
3. Mpukutuwo umayamba wothira ndikulowetsedwa mu polyethylene. Sungani pafupifupi +18 ° C.
4. Ventilate kamodzi m'masiku 7, yang'anirani kuti muthe kuzola .. Ngati nkhungu ikuwoneka, ndibwino kutaya ntchito.
5. Pakadutsa masiku 30 mpaka 30, mizu imayenera kupezeka m'malo osemedwa. Kenako zodulidwazo zibzalidwa poyera.

A Chilimwe wokhala nawo amachenjeza: zolakwika nthawi yobzala maluwa

Mukadzala maluwa mu nthawi ya kugwa, miscalculations ndiyotheka:

• Zomera, maluwa amabzalidwa ndi peat. Roses amazungulira ndikufa. Yankho ndikubzala mu loam zodzazidwa ndi mchere.
• Mukakula, mizu imapinda. Onani kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Kupewa - mutabzala, iwo amawongolera komwe mizu idayamba.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa katemera m'nthaka. Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi masentimita 5, apo ayi, maluwa amasowa ndikufa.

Kudyetsa maluwa

Chapakatikati, feteleza amamugwiritsa ntchito kufikira mbewu zitakula mwachangu, ndikutentha kokhazikika. Zotheka kuchita:

• amakumba ndowa imodzi ya mullein kuzungulira chitsamba;
• 20 g wa ammonium nitrate kapena urea amwazika panthaka yonyowa, madzi;
• feteleza wapadera wa maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, okhala ndi nayitrogeni amafunikira;
• mulch ndi kompositi.

M'chilimwe, maluwa ambiri, maluwa amasinthidwa kangapo ndi mayankho a organic (mullein, zitosi za nkhuku, phulusa) mwa kupopera maluwa maluwa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba pamtunda ayenera kubzala michere m'nthaka yomwe yatha maluwa ndikukonzera mbewuyo nthawi yozizira:

• kuthiriridwa ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu (25 g wa superphosphate, 10 g wa potaziyamu 10 mg wa madzi);
• mu Seputembeli, zinthu za nayitrogeni sizimachotsedwa, chifukwa zimathandizira kuti achinyamata azikula, zomwe sizofunikira pokonzekera maluwa nthawi yachisanu:
• ndi isanayambike kuziziritsa, tchire mulch.

Kukonzekera maluwa a dzinja

Maluwa amatenga mosavuta kuzizira, chifukwa chake, nthawi yachisanu amafunika kutetezedwa.

Kudulira

Kudulira koyenera kumapangitsa duwa kukhala losavuta kulekerera kuzizira. Masamba otsika ndi mphukira ndi oyamba kudwala matenda, motero amachotsedwa kale pakati pa Seputembala. Njira zotsalira zimatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kutseka mitundu kutsina pakumera, ndi chitsamba ndi mitundu - kudula pansi. Ndondomeko amachitidwa masabata 1-2 asanafike pogona, kungotsala masamba atatu okha.

Pogona nyengo yachisanu

Kutentha kwa + 5 ... +7 ° C, zitsamba zotchinga ndi nthambi za spruce ndi mafelemu a waya pansi pake, mawonekedwewo ndi semicircle. Nyumbayo imakutidwa ndi kanema kapena zinthu zapa.

Kutalika koyenera - masentimita 40-50. Makulidwe amakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mbande. Kutentha kwa -10 ° C, kanemayo amakanikizidwa pang'ono ndi dothi.

Maluwa aang'ono ang'ono amapinda pansi ndikuwakhomera ndi waya. Malo katemera ndi ochepa yokutidwa ndi dothi kapena kompositi. Tchire chachikulire chitha kusiyidwa popanda kugwada. Amakutidwa ndi thumba la masamba owuma.

Maluwa okwera amapatukana mosamala ndi thandizo lomwe adalikupondaponda, nkuyika nthambi ya spruce ndikuyika.

Chapakatikati, mapangidwe ake amasungunuka pokhapokha mpweya pang'ono, kuti maluwa asatenthe.

Kukonzekera nthawi yozizira kumathandizira kuti mbeu zabwino, zabwino.

A Dachnik adalangiza kuti: mitundu yosagwirizana ndi nyengo yachisanu yamaluwa oyenda mkatikati

Zoweta pakati pamsewu wapakati (dera la Moscow), mitundu iyi ya maluwa ndiyabwino:

Maluwa onse amakongoletsa ngodya iliyonse ya mundawo, kuupatsa mawonekedwe abwino komanso abwino. Ndikofunika kuti musanyalanyaze malangizo obzala ndi kusamalira mbewu zokongola izi.