Fennel: malongosoledwe azomera ndi chisamaliro chake

Fennel sadziwika kwenikweni kwa olima maluwa aku Russia. Kunja, ndikufanana ndi katsabola wamba, koma kukoma kwake ndikosiyana, ndipo kununkhira kwake sikumatchulidwa. Komabe, zonunkhira zotchuka ku maiko aku Mediterranean ndizabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kutenga malo pachiwembu cha zachilendo.

Kodi fennel amawoneka bwanji?

Fennel ndi katsabola wodziwika bwino kwa olima ku Russia ndi amodzi mwa banja la Umbrella. Kunja, ndi ofanana kwambiri, koma kufanana kwake kumathera pamenepo. Fungo labwino la fennel wobiriwira limatikumbutsa zambiri za tsabola, kukoma kwakeko ndi kofukizira, kolemba zonunkhira, chitsamba ndi champhamvu (kutalika kuchokera pa 90-100 cm). Zomwe zili ndi mavitamini, michere ndi zinthu zina zathanzi fennel zimaposa kutsabola.

Mwachilengedwe, fennel amatha kupulumuka bwinobwino pamiyala yopanda kanthu, koma wolima amayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti apeze mbewu

Malo omwe chikhalidwe ichi chidabadwira ndi Mediterranean (North Africa, Southeast ndi Western Europe). Mitundu ina imapezeka ku West Asia, South America ndi New Zealand. Mu chilengedwe, chimakula ngati udzu, pafupifupi miyala.

Tchire la Fennel limatha kukhala lopendekeka, koma mizu ya mbewuyo ndi yamphamvu, imapangidwa

Mphamvu zake zochiritsa zimadziwika kuyambira kale. Akatswiri aku Egypt, Greek ndi Arabu amawadziwa bwino. Chomera chimatchulidwa m'zolemba zake Hippocrates, Pliny, Avicenna. Ndipo ku Middle Ages, fennel adadziwika kuti ali ndi mphamvu zauzimu zakuthamangitsa mizimu yoipa. Gulu la amadyera liyenera kupachikidwa pamwamba pa khomo lakutsogolo.

Mwambiri, fennel ndichikhalidwe chosatha, koma nyengo mu Russia yambiri imalola kuti izikhala chomera wamba. Chikhalidwe chazolowera nyengo yotentha sichitha kulekerera nyengo yaku Ural ndi Siberiya, ngakhale itakhala pogona.

Fennel wamasamba amadziwika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe ake "anyezi" m'munsi mwa tsinde

Pali mitundu iwiri ya izo - muzu ndi ndiwo zamasamba (zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti Chitaliyana kapena Florentine). Yoyamba imadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa rhizome yamphamvu yokhala ndi mainchesi oposa 1 cm, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kupindika. Lachiwiri la petioles pamunsi pa tsinde limapanga "mitu kabichi" yaying'ono yofanana ndi mababu. Wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amalima masamba fennel. Edible mbali zonse za chomera - ndi amadyera, ndi zipatso, ndi "mitu ya kabichi."

"Mitu" ya fennel nthawi zambiri imakhala yowonda kwambiri

Pesi la fennel ndilowongoka, losazungulira, lozungulira, lokwera nthambi zambiri pafupi ndi tsambalo. Kutalika kwa mtengowo kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0,9 m mpaka 2 masamba. Masamba amafanana ndi katsabola (wosemphana ndi kirrus) mawonekedwe, koma amasiyana maonekedwe - mu fennel amakhala opepuka pang'ono, amtambo wabuluu kapena siliva. Imawonekera kwambiri pamasamba apamwamba.

Fennel, ngati mbewu zimacha, zimamera mosavuta podzilimitsa tokha

Zomera zam'mimba zimachitika mu Julayi-August. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, achikasu kapena achikasu obiriwira, omwe amatisonkhanitsa mu inflorescence, maambulera. Dawo lawo limasiyana masentimita 3-4 mpaka 12-15. Zipatso za maolivi kapena zobiriwira zobiriwira zimacha mkatikati mwa Seputembara. Kucha, adagawika pawiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawuma. Amakhalanso ndi chidwi anise kununkhira ndi kuwala kununkhira kukoma.

Maluwa a Fennel satha kuwoneka kwa onse wamaluwa

Koyamba nthawi yomwe chomerachi chimamera chaka chotsatira mutabzala munthaka, kotero kuti wamaluwa ku Russia nthawi zambiri samawona izi. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kudzipatula payokha fennel.

Kodi mbewu ndi yofunika bwanji ndikuigwiritsa ntchito

Malinga ndi zomwe zili ndi mavitamini ndi michere, fennel ndiye kutsogolo kwa katsabola wamba. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mavitamini a magulu B, A, C, calcium, magnesium, potaziyamu, selenium, mkuwa, chromium, ndi chitsulo.

Magawo onse a fennel amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mankhwala achikhalidwe Ndi pamaziko ake kuti madzi odziwika kwambiri a katsabola amakonzedwa ndi aliyense, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati diuretic, antispasmodic komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Zochita zake ndi zofatsa kwambiri, zimalimbikitsidwa ngakhale kwa ana akhanda omwe ali ndi colic, kutulutsa ndi kukhathamira m'matumbo.

Mafuta ofunikira a Fennel amateteza matenda am'mimba, amathandiza kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi. Zimasonyezedwanso kuti muchepetse zovuta za kudya kwambiri komanso kuti musamadye chilakolako chofuna kudya. Mu aromatherapy, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa nkhawa zosatha, kuti muchepetse nkhawa zopanda pake. Chida ichi chimathandizanso kuteteza mtundu wamanjenje pafupipafupi mwaukali ndikungowongolera zakusintha.

Mafuta ofunikira a Fennel ali ndi tanthauzo lotonthoza, amathandizanso mu ubongo

Tincture wa masamba a fennel ali ndi antibacterial komanso anti-kutupa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja pofuna kuchiza matenda a mafangasi, kuchiritsa mabala, zilonda zam'mimba, khungu komanso mavuto ena a pakhungu.

Pouma, fennel ndi gawo la ndalama zambiri zomwe munthu angayembekezere. Amawalembera bronchitis, chibayo, laryngitis, matenda ena a kupuma.

Akamayamwa amathandizira kuyamwitsa mwana. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti zimakhala ndi phindu lactation. Ndipo kwa amayi apakati, mankhwalawa amathandizira kuthana ndi matenda am'mawa ndikuyambiranso kudya. Imathandizanso pamavuto amkamwa ndi halitosis.

A decoction wa masamba a fennel ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri kwa amayi panthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m'mawere.

Masamba a Fennel ndi nthanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika. Imakhala gawo limodzi lodziwika bwino ku zakudya za ku Mediterranean. Amawonjezeredwa ku saladi (ngakhale zipatso), msuzi, nyama ndi nsomba. Fennel ndiwofunikanso kumalongeza kunyumba. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi maphikidwe a tomato wowuma, nkhaka, sauerkraut. "Goofies" amadyanso. Amawiritsa kapena kuwotcha lonse, monga mafuta apakudya. Mbewu zimawonjezeredwa pakudzazidwa kwa zinthu zingapo zapa confectionery ndi pa mtanda wa mkate, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kununkhira zakumwa zoledzera.

"Mitu" ya fennel imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zakudya za ku Mediterranean

Pali zotsutsana. Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito fennel ndi khunyu. Ndipo ngati mumadya mosavomerezeka, ndizotheka kupeza m'mimba komanso m'matumbo. Palinso sayanjana. Fennel ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la kutsegula m'mimba pafupipafupi.

Mbewu za Fennel zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe komanso kuphika

Kanema: Ubwino waumoyo wa Fennel

Kufotokozera zamitundu wamba

Palibe mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri ya fennel. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Palinso mitundu yokongoletsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe. Amawonekera ndi mthunzi wosazolowereka wamasamba.

Mitundu yamafennel omwe amalima m'maluwa:

• Fungo labwino. Mitundu yakucha-sing'anga, amadyera amatha kudula masiku 75-85 mutabzala. Kupanga - 2-3 makilogalamu obiriwira kuthengo.
• Luzhnovsky Semko. Chomera chowoneka bwino, chosapitirira 0.5-0.6 m kutalika. "Mitu" ndiyoyera ngati chipale chofewa, m'malo mwake mumakhala wandiweyani, wokhala ndi zofunda zazing'ono. Kulemera kwakukulu mpaka 200-220 g.
• Wogulitsa. Zosiyanasiyana nthawi yakucha kwapakatikati, imodzi yaying'ono (kutalika mpaka 0.5 m). "Mitu" yolemera 100-120 g. Amapangidwa ngakhale m'maola ochepa.
• Corvette Chimodzi mwazinthu zosankha zapamwamba. Posachedwa, kucha kwa "mitu" kumatenga masiku 120-125. Amapakidwa utoto wonyezimira oyera, mpaka kulemera kwa 250-8080. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi pafupifupi 60 cm, koma 1-1.2 kg yaiwisi yobiriwira ikhoza kupezeka kuchokera kwa iwo. Zokolola za "mitu" ndizofika 2,7 kg / m².
• Soprano. Zosiyanasiyana ndizochedwa mochedwa (nthawi ya masamba - masiku 110-115), "mitu" ndi yoyera kapena yobiriwira, onunkhira kwambiri, wandiweyani. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 1.5-1.8 m, mbewuyo ndi yamphamvu, ndikuchulukitsa nthambi. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa "mutu" wamtambo ndi 100 g. Kututa kuchokera ku 1 m² kuli pafupifupi makilogalamu 3-4 a greenery mpaka 2,5 kg a "mutu".
• Mtsogoleri. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira, kupangira ukadaulo kumachitika miyezi 1.5 mutabzala. Tchire ndi lamphamvu, kutalika kwa masentimita 170-180, tsamba lambiri. Masamba ndi akulu. Pa amadyera, masamba amakolola asanafike maluwa.
• Yabwino mawonekedwe. Mtundu wina woyamba kucha, wokonzekera kudula m'masiku 38-40. Tchire limakula msanga, kutalika kwa masentimita 150-180. Masamba ake ndi ofatsa kwambiri, ndi fungo labwino.
• Rudy F1. Chomerachi ndi chosakanizidwa, sichingagwire ntchito kuti titolere mbewu zopindulitsa, ngakhale italimidwa ngati yopanda zipatso. "Mitu" ndi yayikulu (mpaka 300 g), utoto wa saladi wotuwa, pafupifupi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
• Mkuwa Wopatsa Masamba okhwima kumene amakhala ndi mkuwa. Pang'onopang'ono musinthe kukhala bulauni.
• Zotsatira. Masamba achichepere ndi ofiirira owala ndi bronze kulocha. Popita nthawi, amasintha kukhala grey-siliva.

Zithunzi zojambulajambula: fennel mitundu yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa

Zofunikira pakukula kwa mbewu

Fennel ndi woyenera kumuona ngati wofunika pantchito zokulira mbewu. Ku Russia, komwe nyengo ili yosiyana kwambiri ndi yachilendo kwambiri kwa Mediterranean, "zofuna" zake ziyenera kutsatiridwa ngati kuli ndi chidwi chotuta.

Bedi la fennel liyenera kukhala pamalo otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa. Mthunzi ndi pang'ono, "mitu" sikuti imapangika, imakola mafuta, fungo limafooka. Fennel amakonda kutentha, koma salola kutentha kwambiri ndi chilala bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumangapo limba pamwamba pa bedi la mundawo kuchokera pa chilichonse chovala choyera, chomwe chimateteza kubzala ku dzuwa. Modabwitsa, mbewuyo sikufuna nthawi yayitali masana.

M'mphepete, ndikofunikira kuti bedi lizikhala ndi masamba okumbika mpaka 20-25 masentimita - ndikusowa kwa chinyezi, fennel imakhala ndi mizu yayitali yomwe imatha kufikira mabedi oyandikana ndi kuthana ndi madzi a mbewu zomwe zimalimo.

Anzanu abwino a fennel ndi nkhaka ndi kabichi. Zomera zonsezi zimafunikira kuthirira yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, fungo la fennel limapweteketsa tizirombo tambiri, kusowa nkhaka ndi kabichi, komanso zimakopa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu. Koma sipinachi, nthanga zonyamula, nyemba, tsabola wam belu womwe uli pafupi zimakhudza chikhalidwechi moipa, zikulepheretsa kukula ndi chitukuko. Zomera zilizonse zazitali (monga chimanga) zimapanga mthunzi wosafunikira.

Nkhaka zimagwirizana bwino ndi fennel - mbewu zonse ziwiri zimafunikira kuthirira kokwanira

Ndikwabwino kubzala fennel komwe masamba omwe m'mbuyomu amafunika mulingo waukulu wa feteleza (mbatata, kabichi, nkhaka) adakula. Ngati bedi latsopano likukonzedwa, m'dzinja limakumbidwa mosamala, kutsukidwa kwa zinyalala zamasamba, humus kapena kompositi yoyeserera (8-10 makilogalamu pamtunda wamzera) imayambitsidwa. Manyowa atsopano samasiyanitsidwa konse. Mwa feteleza wa michere, phosphorous ndi potashi yokha (10-15 g pa mita imodzi yothandizidwa) ndizofunikira. Kenako bedi limakutidwa ndi kanema ndikusiyidwa mpaka kumapeto.

Humus yomwe idalowetsedwa m'mundamo imakhudzira chonde cha gawo lapansi

Dothi lamchenga wopepuka, monga dothi lolemera, siloyenera kumera. Njira yabwino ndi chernozem, sierozem kapena loam yokhala ndi zamchere pang'ono. Kuti achepetse nthaka yac acid, laimu yosalala, ufa wa dolomite, choko chophwanyika, phulusa la nkhuni losungunuka limayambitsidwa.

Mafuta a Dolomite - deoxidizer wachilengedwe wa dothi, ngati mutatsatira mlingo, sipadzakhala zovuta zina

Gawo lomwe fennel idabzalidwa liyenera kupukutidwa bwino. Motere, madambo otsika ndi oyenera, komwe madzi osungunuka amayimilira kwanthawi yayitali. Koma nthawi zambiri kulibe dzuwa lokwanira. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi sabata sabata isanachitike, muyenera kuchita ulimi wothirira madzi.

Kutentha kwabwino kwa kumera kwa nyemba za fennel kumachepera 20 ° C. Sadzafa pa 10 ° C, koma mbande pankhaniyi ziyenera kudikirira osachepera mwezi. Ndikofunikira kutsatira njira yobzala ndikuwapatsa mbewu madzi okwanira. Kupanda kutero, masamba a fennel atha kupita ku "muvi".

Pamalo omwewo, fennel itabzalidwe kwa zaka 3-4. Kenako dothi limatha, izi zimakhudza zokolola.

Kukula mbande za fennel ndikubzala mbewu mu nthaka

Chilimwe mu Russia yambiri sichinafupike ndipo sichidziwika molingana ndi nyengo. Ndipo nthawi yolima mumitundu ina ya fennel (makamaka masamba) ndi miyezi 4 kapena kupitilira apo. Chifukwa chake, kuti mbewuyo ipse, ndikofunikira kuti ikule ndi mbande.

Kumera kwa nthangala kumasungidwa kwa zaka zitatu. Zofesedwa mwanjira yoti mbande zamizu zamtundu zimasunthidwa kumalo okhazikika theka loyamba la Meyi, ndi masamba muzaka khumi zapitazi za June. Kubzala koyambirira, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kutentha, mbewu zimatha kutambasuka, "mitu" sidzapanga. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta ofunikira, mbewu za fennel zimamera kwa nthawi yayitali. Zimatenga masiku 20 kuyembekezera mbande, izi sizabwino pachikhalidwe. Mwambiri, kulima mmera kumatha pafupifupi milungu 9 mpaka 10.

Mbewu za Fennel zimamera nthawi yayitali, wosamalira mundawo ayenera kukhala woleza mtima

Mbande zimamera molingana ndi ma algorithm otsatirawa:

1. Mbewu zimanyowetsedwa kwa maola 4-6 mu chipinda kutentha kwa madzi, yankho la mtundu uliwonse wa biostimulant kapena potaziyamuanganamu (wotuwa wapinki), wokutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza. Popewa kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, mutha kuwonjezeranso kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 mu yankho la fangayi yoyambira (Alirin-B, Ridomil-Gold, Baikal-EM). Kenako amakhala zouma.
2. Kuyika kwa Fennel sikumavomereza bwino, motero ndikofunika kuti mufesere mbewu 3-4 m miphika zoyamba kukhazikika, ndikukula ndi 1.5-2 masentimita. Dzadzaza dothi lonse lapansi chifukwa cha mbande kapena msanganizo wa humus wokhala ndi zinyalala za peat ndi mchenga (2: 2: 1) ) Gawo laling'ono liyenera kuyeretsedwa komanso kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Mutabzala, mbewu zimathiridwanso, ndipo zotengera zimakutidwa ndi filimu kapenagalasi. Mpaka kutuluka, amasungidwa pamalo amdima pamtunda wa 20-23 ° C. "Greenhouse" imathandizira kupuma tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 5 kuti pasadzikundike.
3. Mbewuzo zikangomera, fennel imasunthidwa pazenera la zenera loyang'ana kum'mwera chakum'mawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo. Mbande zimatetezedwa ku dzuwa. Samafunikiranso kuwunikira kowonjezereka. Kusamalira mbande kumakhala kuthirira nthawi zonse, pomwe dothi lakumtunda lituluka, kumasula dothi mosamala. Pakatha milungu iwiri, amatha kudyetsedwa ndi yankho la feteleza wazovuta zilizonse za mbande.
4. Masiku 7-10 asanabzalidwe, mbande zimaphulika ndi yankho la 1 peresenti ya urea kapena feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni (izi zimakhudza bwino chitetezo chazirombo) ndikuyamba kuumitsa, ndikuzipititsa panja ndikuwonjezera nthawi yochedwa mumsewu.

Mbande za Fennel zibzalidwe m'nthaka pokhapokha ngati msewu ukufunda bwino

Kanema: momwe mungakulire mbande za fennel

Pafupifupi sabata imodzi kuti mbande zisabzalidwe, nthaka pakama imafunikira kumasulidwa ndikukhazikika. Nthawi yomweyo, superphosphate yosavuta imawonjezeredwa mu gawo lomwelo monga kugwa. Phosphorous imafunika makamaka zamitundu yamasamba.

Mbande za Fennel zakonzeka kubzala m'nthaka itatha masiku 45-50. Kutalikirana pakati pa mbeu ndi pafupifupi 40 cm, pakati pa mizere - 50-60 cm. Ngati miphika ndiyabwino, simuyenera kuwachotsa pamatanki. Fennel adayikidwa pansi mpaka masamba a cotyledon woyamba. Kenako kubzala kuyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Mpaka mbande ikamera ndikuyamba kukula, amatetezedwa makamaka ndi dzuwa.

Mukabzala mbewu mwachindunji m'nthaka, zimafesedwanso m'matchera ndi masentimita 50-60 pakati pawo. Pamwamba yokutidwa ndi peat crumb kapena humus (wosanjikiza makulidwe a 1.5-2 cm) ndikuthirira. Mpaka nyemba zimere, bedi limalimbitsidwa ndi wokutira pulasitiki kapena chophimba chakuda. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya njirayi ndi theka loyamba la Meyi.

Mukapatulira mbande, mbande za "zowonjezera" za fennel sizidulidwa, koma kudula mpaka muzu

Pakadutsa masiku 7-10 atamera, amatenthedwa, kusiya 20-25 masentimita pakati pa mbeu zoyandikana ndi masamba fennel ndi 10-15 masentimita ngati ali ndi mizu. "Zowonjezera" mbande sizimatulutsidwa, koma kudula ndi lumo.

M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, pomwe fennel imatha kubzala ngati osatha, kufesa mbewu kumachitika kumapeto, kumapeto kwa Julayi kapena August. Mu Okutobala, kubzala kuyenera "kukodzedwa" mwa kugona ndi chosanjikiza cha humus, peat, singano, utuchi ndi makulidwe osachepera 10 cm

Zofunikira zofunikira pakusamalira mbewu

Fennel amafunikira chisamaliro chake. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikufunika kuti mbewu zikule bwino ndi kuthirira koyenera.

Gwirani ntchito pamunda

Fennel sakonda "olimbana nawo", chifukwa chake dothi m'mundamo liyenera kumalidwa udzu nthawi zonse. Nthawi iliyonse, pafupifupi theka la ola mutathirira, ayenera kumasulidwa mosamala mpaka akuya masentimita 3-5.

Mitengo yamasamba 2-3 nthawi ya spud, ndikupanga pamunsi pa tsinde ndi mulifupi wamtunda wa 5 cm. Izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale "mitu" ya mawonekedwe olondola mu mtundu wokongola woyera.

Ngati fennel wakula ngati mbewu yosatha komanso chifukwa chobiriwira wobiriwira, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula mapesi a maluwa m'mene amapangira, kuti chitsamba chisawonongeke.

Kuthirira

Fennel ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri. Ngati kuli kozizira kunja, kumathiridwa madzi masiku 4-5 aliwonse, kumathera malita 15 pa mita imodzi. Kutentha kwambiri komanso chilala chachitali, dothi limayenera kukhala lonyowa tsiku lililonse kapena kawiri patsiku. Njira yabwino ndikuthirira kapena kukonkha, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wonyowa gawo lapansi.

Fennel ndichikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi, muyenera kuthirira madzi pafupipafupi komanso nthawi zonse

Kuwala kosavuta, nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuchita njirayi. Mulch athandizira kusunga chinyontho m'nthaka. Amasungira nthawi yolima dimba.

Ntchito feteleza

Fennel amakonda feteleza wachilengedwe. Nthawi yoyamba mbande kudyetsedwa masiku 12-15 mutabzala mu nthaka, ndiye kamodzi sabata iliyonse. Mtengowo umathiriridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa a ng'ombe, ndowe za mbalame, masamba a nettle kapena dandelion. Zinthu zosaphika zimathiridwa ndimadzi ofunda, amalimbikira kwa masiku 3-4 mumtsuko pansi pa chivindikiro chotsekedwa. Musanagwiritse ntchito, umasefedwa, umasungunulidwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 8 (ngati nyinyalala, ndiye koposa kawiri) ndikuwonjezera supuni ya superphosphate yosavuta ndi malita 10. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni ndikugula feteleza wochokera pa vermicompost.

Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle - gwero lachilengedwe la nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous ya fennel

Kukonzekera yozizira

Fennel sapulumuka nthawi yozizira kumadera ambiri aku Russia. Chifukwa chake, monga mbewu yosatha, imalimidwa kokha kum'mwera kwanyengo (Black Sea, Crimea, Caucasus). Kuti akonzekere fennel kuzizira, mkati mwa Okutobala, zigawo zonse zomwe zimapezeka zimadulidwa osadukiza "stumps", nthaka yomwe mizu yake imakhazikika. Ngati feteleza, phulusa la nkhuni lomwe limafota limatha kumabalalika mozungulira bedi. Muli ndi zofunika zomera panthawiyi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.

Kenako bedi limakutidwa ndi humus, zinyalala za peat, utuchi, masamba masamba, singano. Ndikofunikira kuti mupange wosanjikiza pafupifupi 10 cm.Ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito udzu. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mbewa. Ngati nthawi yachisanu imalonjezedwa kwambiri, mutha kuponya bedi ndi nthambi za spruce kapena kumangiriza ndi burlap, chilichonse chophimba chomwe chimalola kuti mpweya udutse. Chisanu chokwanira chikangogwa, amachiponyera pamwamba, ndikupanga chipale chofewa.

Kanema: Malangizo a Fennel Care

Fennel kunyumba

Mitundu ina ya fennel itha kukhala yoyenera kubzala panyumba monga mbewu zosungika. Mu "ukapolo" chomera sichimaposa 0.5 m kutalika, koma "mitu" imapangidwa ngakhale izi, ngati simusokoneza mizu. Ndikofunikira kusankha chidebe chake, volumetric, chokhala ndi masentimita 25-30. Khola lalikulu la draina ndilovomerezeka.

Fennel ikhoza kumalidwa mumphika pawindo, mawonekedwe a chomeracho amalola

Pakakulitsa fennel, dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi la mbewu zamkati komanso kuwonjezera kwa chonde ngati (3: 1) ndichabwino kwambiri. Popewa kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, choko chocheperako kapena kaboni yoyambitsa imawonjezeredwa ku msanganizo.

Mbewu zofesedwa mumiphika ya zidutswa za 3-4. Dothi lakuya la masentimita 2-3 limafunikira pansi pa thankiyo. Amachita chimodzimodzi ndi nthawi yobzala mbande. Mitengo imatha kudula pomwe kutalika kwa tchire kumafika 30-35 masentimita, pafupifupi, miyezi 2 mpaka 2.5 imatha pang'onopang'ono pakucha "mitu".

Fennel sakonda dzuwa mwachindunji, monga kutentha kwambiri, kotero mphika wokhala ndi chomera umayikidwa pazenera la zenera loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. M'nyengo yotentha imatha kupita kumweya wabwino.

Kusamalira mbewu kumakhala kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi kuthira feteleza. Zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masabata onse 2-2,5, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zilizonse zochokera ku biohumus. Fennel amathiriridwa madzi atangolowa dothi lakuya 1.5-2 cm. Mukatentha kwambiri, mutha kuwonjezera kupopera mbewuzo kapena kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya munjira zina.

Bzalani matenda ndi tizirombo

Fennel mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, motero samakhala ndi matenda. Ndipo kununkhira kwachilengedwe komwe mumadyera kumapangitsa kuti tizirombo tambiri tisatulutsidwepo. Koma nthawi zina matendawa amapewedwa.

Njira yabwino kwambiri yopewere ndi kusamalira bwino mbewu. Kuthirira pa nthawi yake komanso kuvala pamwamba ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndikofunikanso kutsatira njira yomwe ikamatera. Ngati mbewu zomwe zili m'mundamo zili pafupi kwambiri, matenda amafalikira mwachangu.

Mwa matenda a fennel, owopsa kwambiri ndi:

• Cercosporosis. Masamba ophimbidwa ndi chikasu chaching'ono, ngati mawanga "osweka". Pang'onopang'ono zimadetsedwa, zimakula, kuphatikizana, minofu yomwe ikukhudzidwa imasanduka yofiirira ndikufa. Popewa, bedi limapukutidwa ndi phulusa kapena choko chophwanyika, madzi othirira nthawi ndi nthawi amasinthidwa ndi pinki yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Kuti muthane ndi matendawa, fungicides iliyonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwa njira zakale zoyesedwa, zothandiza kwambiri ndi yankho la 2% ya Bordeaux madzi kapena mkuwa sulfate. Koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amakono omwe ali ndi mkuwa - Kuprozan, Kaptan, Skor.
• Masamba a dzimbiri. Ma tubercles ofiira ofiira kapena masamba amawonekera kutsogolo kwa tsamba; mbali yolakwika imalimbikitsidwa ndi chosanjikiza chadongosolo cha "shaggy". Njira zopewera ndi zofanana ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Ngati matendawa akuwoneka koyambirira, ndizotheka kuthana ndi wowerengeka azitsamba - yankho la phulusa la koloko, sulufule, kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena owombera adyo, 1:10 kuchepetsedwa kefir ndi madzi kapena mkaka wa ayidi wotsekemera (dontho kwa lita). Woopsa, fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Horus, Topaz, Oleokuprit, Rayek.
• Tsinde zowola. Pamitengo, kuyambira pachokhazikapo, utoto wonenepa "wowoneka bwino", wokumbutsa za ubweya wa thonje, pomwepo mawanga obiriwira otuwa, owoneka ndi matope a ntchofu, udafalikira pomwepo. Pa prophylaxis, mbewu zimayenera kufesedwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena sulufule wachakale. Dokotala atazindikira matendawa, amatsuka ndi kansalu kofewa komwe kamayeretsedwa mu vodka, madera omwe akhudzidwawo amakhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo posamba ndi njira yofiyira ya pinki ya potaziyamuatinangan kapena 2% yamkuwa. Kenako amawaza ndi choko chophwanyika kapena makala okhazikika.
• Zovunda. Matendawa ndi ovuta kuwazindikira nthawi. Zikuwoneka kuti mbewu ikutaya mamvekedwe ake ndipo ikusilira popanda chifukwa. Pokhapokha atapita kale, maziko a tsinde limakhala lakuda, amakhudza pang'ono, ndikufalitsa fungo losasangalatsa. Kuwonongeka kumawoneka pansi. Ndikofunika kukumba ndi kuwononga mbewu yomweyo, ndikuchotsa komwe kumayambitsa matendawa. Dothi m'malo ano limasulidwa ndi zotumphukira ndi njira ya 5% ya mkuwa wamkuwa. Ngati matendawa adazindikira pa nthawi yake, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa pang'ono, ndikuthiramo madzi ndi njira ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate, magalamu a Trichodermin ndi Gliocladin amalowetsedwa m'nthaka.

Zojambulajambula: Zizindikiro za matenda a fennel

Chikhalidwe chimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo zotsatirazi:

• Ma nsabwe. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tamtundu wakuda kapena wabiriwira wachikuda timatsata masamba achinyamata, inflorescence. Amadyetsa zakudya zamadzi, kotero zimakhala zake zimasanduka chikaso, discolor ndi youma. Popewa, fennel amafafizidwa ndi infusions wa anyezi kapena mivi ya adyo, masamba owuma a fodya, tsabola wofiira wotentha, peel lalanje. Izi wowerengeka azitsamba zingathandize kuthana ndi tizilombo ngati mawonekedwe ake akuwoneka pa nthawi. Pazowirikiza pokhapokha pakufunika chithandizo chokwanira kuchokera tsiku lililonse mpaka masiku 7-10 mpaka katatu patsiku. Popanda kuchitapo kanthu, mankhwala opha majeremusi ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Mospilan, Tanrek, INTA-Vir, Spark-Bio.
• Zopatsa. Masamba osalala achikasu akuwonekera kumbali yakutsogolo, siliva woonda amakhudza mkati. Ngati mutayang'anitsitsa, mutha kuganizira "timitengo" takuda tating'ono - awa ndi tizirombo tokha. Pa prophylaxis, mbewu zimapoperedwa ndi chithovu cha m'nyumba kapena sopo wobiriwira wobiriwira, yankho la sulufule ya colloidal. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo, Confidor-Maxi, Admiral, Fury, Actaru amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Wireworm (naticracker kachilomboka mphutsi). Amakukuta mizu ya mbewu, chifukwa cha kufera kwa fennel, osapeza chakudya chokwanira. Popewa, siderata iliyonse imabzalidwa m'mayendedwe, kupatula nyemba. Makamaka waya sangakonde masamba a masamba. Misampha imathandizanso - zinthu zomwe zakumbidwa pansi zodzazidwa ndi mbatata zosaphika, kaloti, ndi beets. Pakachitika nkhondo yambiri, Bazudin, Provotox, kukonzekera kwa Pochin kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Makatani a gulugufe. Amphaka amadyera masamba obiriwira ndipo amatha kudya mbewu pakangotha ​​masiku, kusiya masamba okha. Kuti muteteze kwa akuluakulu, amagwiritsa ntchito Bitoxibacillin, Lepidocide, pheromone wapadera kapena misampha yopangidwa ndi nyumba. Gulugufe amapukusidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimadzazidwa ndi madzi a shuga, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi, uchi, kupanikizana. Pofuna kuthana ndi mbozi, Decis, Actellik, Fufanon amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: tizirombo tomwe timayang'ana moopsa bwanji pa fennel

Kututa ndi kusunga

Mitundu ya Fennel imadulidwa pomwe kutalika kwa chomera ukufika 30-30 cm. Pakadali pano, fungo lake limatchuka kwambiri, ndipo masamba ake akadali achifundo. "Mitu" imayesedwa kuti ndi yopanda pomwe mainchesi awo amafikira masentimita 8-10. Nthawi zambiri amadulidwa pansi pomwepo. Koma mukasiya chitsa "2-3 cm, pakatha milungu ingapo masamba atsopano ayamba kukula m'malo ano. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya ndondomekoyi ndi m'mawa kwambiri (mpaka mame atawuma) kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa.

Mitundu yatsopano ndi "mitu" kwa sabata imatha kusungidwa mufiriji, m'chipinda chapadera cha masamba ndi zipatso, wokutidwa ndi filimu yokakamira. "Alumali moyo" wotsirizira amatha kupitilira mpaka masabata 6-8 pomuyika m'bokosi lamchenga, lomwe limayikidwa pansi, cellar, chipinda china ndi kutentha kwa 2-4 ° C, chinyezi chochepa komanso mpweya wabwino. Choyamba, muyenera kuchotsa masamba onse kuchokera ku "mitu" ndikudula tsinde, ndikungosiya "petiole" 8-10 cm, ndikuwumisanso kwa masiku awiri awiri.

"Mitu" ya fennel yomwe ikusungidwa kuti isungidwe sikuyenera kukhala ndi vuto lochepa chabe la matenda ndi tizilombo

Mbewu za Fennel zimakololedwa pomwe maambulera a inflorescence amasintha mtundu kuchokera ku wobiriwira wachikaso kukhala bulauni. Amadulidwa ndikukhomeredwa kuti ayume mchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kosaposa 30 ° C, kupereka mpweya wabwino ndikuyika nyuzi kapena nsalu pansi. Mbeu zouma zimadzilimbitsa zokha. Kenako ayenera kutsukidwa kwa zinyalala za mbewu. Zisungeni m'matumba a pepala kapena m'matumba a nsalu m'chipinda chozizira, chowuma komanso chamdima.

Fennel amauma ngati amadyera ena aliwonse.

Momwemonso, zouma za fennel zouma. Sizimataya kafungo kabwino ka zaka 1.5-2 ndikusunga maubwino. Itha kuphatikizanso chisanu. Kuti muchite izi, masamba amalekanitsidwa ndi zimayambira, kutsukidwa, zouma, kuyikidwa pamapepala kapena mapepala ophika komanso kwa mphindi 2-3 zotumizidwa mufiriji, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi "kuzizira" mawonekedwe ozizira. Masamba omalizidwa amayikidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono m'matumba apadera okhala ndi chowongolera cha mpweya. Kuwawotcha ndi kuzisunganso sizigwira ntchito - fennel asandulika pang'ono. Itha kusungidwa mufiriji kwa miyezi 6-8.

Fennel wouma amasungabe kukoma ndi fungo kwa zaka 1.5-2

Kanema: momwe mungakonzekerere fennel nyengo yachisanu

Fennel amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika komanso mankhwala azikhalidwe. Simungayitchule kuti chomera posamalira, koma zoyeserera zomwe wopeza m'munda amapeza ndi zomwe zabzala. M'madera ambiri a Russia, imalimidwa ngati mbewu yapachaka, chifukwa chake simungavutike ndi malo okhala m'nyengo yozizira. Obereketsa adabzala mitundu yambiri, ndipo wolima mundawo amatha kusankha payokha yabwino.