Kufika kwa madzi m'chipinda chapansi chomwe anthu ambiri akukumana nawo ndi nyumba zawo. Chodabwitsa ichi sichimangowonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zipinda zapansi zosowa zapakhomo, koma zimakhalanso ndi zotsatira zowonongeka pa dongosolo lonselo. Kawirikawiri, kusefukira kwa madzi kumabwera chifukwa cha madzi apansi - ganizirani zomwe mungachite kuti muthe kuchotsa madzi osayenera pansi, ndi zifukwa zake.
Madzi akumtunda
Sitimayi yapafupi yomwe ili pamwamba pa nthaka, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi miyala yowonongeka, imatchedwa pansi. Kawirikawiri amapangidwa motsogoleredwa ndi mphepo komanso madzi amchere kuchokera m'madzi a m'madzi. 
Madzi a pansi pa nthaka amatha kusintha ndipo amadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Ambiri mwa iwo ndi awa:
- kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kusungunuka madzi;
- Kusintha m'mabwato akudyetsa pansi;
- ntchito zopangidwa ndi anthu (magetsi oyendetsa magetsi, ngalande zamadzi, mabomba, migodi, mafakitale, etc.).
M'madzi apansi, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga chitoliro cha madzi, madzi omwe amapezeka mu nthaka yopanda madzi yomwe ili pamwamba pa dothi lopanda madzi (dongo, loam). Ndi iye amene amasonkhanitsa kumapiri, amawopsya misewu ndipo amadalira kwambiri mphepo.
Phunzirani momwe mungamangire chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, momwe mungapangire chipinda chapansi pa galasi, momwe mungagwirire pulasitiki m'chipinda chapansi pa pulasitiki, momwe mungapangire mpweya wabwino m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, momwe mungachotsere makoswe m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba.
Madzi a nthaka, mosiyana ndi a sayesi, alibe vuto. Kuwonjezera apo, madziwa nthawi zambiri sali oyenerera kumwa mowa ndipo amaipitsidwa ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zopangidwa ndi anthu, nthawi zambiri ndi zosautsa. 
Madzi a pansi pa nthaka angakhale ndi chiwawa chotero:
- mchere;
- leaching;
- magnesia;
- sulphate;
- carbon dioxide.
Zonse mwa njira imodzi zimasungunula calcium carbonate ndipo zimapangitsa kuti konkire iwonongedwe.
Mukudziwa? Padziko lapansi, madzi okwana 96% ali m'nyanja, pafupifupi 1.5% ali pansi pamadzi, ndipo ena mwa anthu 1.5% ndi omwe amapezeka ku Greenland ndi Antarctica. Komanso, gawo la madzi atsopano ndi 2.5 peresenti - gawo lake lalikulu ndilo pansi pamadzi ndi madzi oundana.
Kodi choopsa n'chiyani kunyumba
Madzi akumwamba angasokoneze chikhalidwe chomwe chilipo:
- madzi osadziwika, dampness ndi nkhungu zikhoza kuoneka pansi, zidzakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito;
- Mitundu yowonongeka ya madzi pansi imaphwanya konkire, ndipo maziko akhoza kutaya mphamvu zake;
- Kusonkhanitsa panthawi yamvula yamvula yamkuntho ikhoza kusokoneza njira pa webusaitiyi, kutsuka makoma, kusokoneza zomera.
Madzi apamwamba amadziwika kuti amakhala pamalo oposa mamita 2. Koma zochitika zawo pamunsi pa mamita 2 amawonedwa ngati otsika ndipo amalandiridwa ndi omanga.
Mukamanga nyumba nthawi zonse muyenera kudziwa momwe mlingo wamadzi amadzilirira m'deralo. Kufufuza zamagetsi kungathe kuchita bwino kwambiri. Koma ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mautumiki apamtundu, ndiye kuti mungadziwe kutalika kwa madzi apansi pamtunda wa madzi pachitsime chanu (kapena chotsatira).
Komanso, ndibwino kuti muyese mlingo umenewu mu kugwa, mvula yamvula, kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene chisanu chimasungunuka. Mukamanga kanyumba kogula mtengo akadakali kupita kumapadera apadera.
Maphunziro a sayansi ya zamoyo amavomereza kuti malo abwino kwambiri, omwe ndi osankhidwa, ndi osankhidwa.
Mukudziwa? Madzi a pansi pa nthaka omwe amalembera nyumba zomangamanga akhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi zizindikiro za dziko. Kuyambira nthawi yaitali, taona kuti bango, mahatchi, msondodzi ndi alder zimakula kumalo osungira madzi.
Madzi a pansi pa pansi ndi momwe mungagwirire nawo: kanema
Zifukwa za madzi
Musanayambe kuthira pansi pansi, muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake maonekedwe a madzi amachokera mwamsanga. Pokhapokha mungathe kukhetsa malo odzaza madzi.
Madzi osafunika angawonekere m'chipinda chapansi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana:
- madzi otsika pansi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chofala cha kusefukira kwa pansi;
- kuwonjezereka kwa mvula pambuyo pa mvula ndi kayendedwe kabwino ka madzi kapena kusowa kwake;
- ingress wa kusungunuka madzi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kusakwanira okwanira kuteteza madzi kwa kapangidwe kake komanso kusowa kwa madzi kuti asachoke. Izi kawirikawiri zimawonedwa m'madera otsika ndi malo ena amadzimadzi;
- ming'alu ya maziko chifukwa cha kuphwanya zipangizo zamakono;
- kupyolera kwa mapaipi mu chipinda chapansi;
- Mphuno ngati mulibe mpweya wabwino.
Kodi mungachotse bwanji madzi m'chipinda chapansi
Ngati chipinda chapansi chimasungunuka, njira zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa:
- Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi pamadzi osakwanira, mungagwiritse ntchito pampu yothamanga kwambiri. Koma ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kukula kwa kusefukira kumakhala kochepa. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunika kufufuza kuti mulibe zinyalala m'madzi.
- Kutulutsa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya. Pachifukwa ichi, mukhoza kulankhulana ndi kampani yoyenera yomwe imapereka chithandizo cha kupopera madzi, kapena kugula mpope ndikukhazikitsa vutoli palokha.
Njira yopopera pogwiritsa ntchito mpope imaonedwa kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino.
Zingakhalenso zothandiza kuti muphunzire kumanga chitofu cha Dutch, momwe mungapangire chophika ndi chophika, momwe mungasankhire chophika choyaka moto, momwe mungayikitsire madzi otentha, momwe mungasankhire sitima yamadzi ya dacha.
Kuti muchotse madzi ochulukirapo m'chipinda chapansi ndi pomp, muyenera kutsatira malangizo otsatirawa:
- mkatikati mwa chipinda chapansi ndikupangitsa kuwonjezeka ndi kukhazikitsa tankisi ya pulasitiki, yomwe imayendetsa galimoto. Mipando imapangidwa mu thupi la thanki yotere;
- tanki ikulongedwera mumtunda kuti chiteteze ku kusefukira kwa madzi. Pansi perekani miyala yabwino kuti muyike pompu;
- ndiye mpweya wamadzi umayikidwa mu thanki yokonzedwa motere. Kusiyana pakati pake ndi dzenje kumadza ndi chisakanizo cha konkire. Choyandama chomwe chili pamphuno chimapanga mlingo woyenera wa madzi, ndipo kachitidwe kameneko kamatembenukira pa mpope wophika madzi. Pambuyo pa kupopera, dongosolo limatha;
- Kuchotsa madzi achitsulo kuchokera pansi, payipi kapena mapaipi apadera amagwirizana ndi dongosolo.
Mulu wa kupopera uli wa mitundu iwiri - submersible ndi kunja. Posankha mpweya wosasunthika, umayikidwa muzitsulo zamadzimadzi, kumene kuli malo onsewa. Mapampu akunja amadzikweza m'madzi ndi malo otsika, pomwe mbali ya pamwamba ili pamtunda.
Motero, kutuluka kunja kwa madzi osokonezeka kumachitika mu gawo losasunthika. Pofuna kuteteza chipinda chapansi pa kusefukira kwa madzi, m'pofunika kutenga njira zoyenera kukhazikitsa dongosolo labwino la madzi.
Chochita: momwe mungapewere kulowa mkati mwa madzi
Pofuna kuchotsa chinyezi m'chipinda chapansi, pali njira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka malinga ndi zomwe zimayambira.
Kukonzekera kwapoto
Njira yosavuta yothetsera maonekedwe a madzi osungira pansi paokha ndi kukhazikitsa dzenje. Njirayi ndi yotsika mtengo ndipo safuna nthawi yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zapanyumba ndi nyumba zazing'ono. 
Pofuna kukonzekera bwino dzenje, njirazi ziyenera kutengedwa:
- Pakatikati mwa chipinda chapansi, chemba dzenje lokhala ngati cube pafupi 1 m³ voliyumu. Koma ndi bwino kuganizira - lalikulu mu chipinda, kwambiri dzenje likukumba;
- Pakatikati mwa dzenje lakumba, pulasitiki imapangidwira momwe chidebe chosanjikiza chachitsulo chimayikidwa. Nthaka yozungulira chidebe chotereyi yanyamula bwino;
- timayika dzenje ndikuwombera, ndikuphimba ndi simenti pafupifupi masentimita 2-3;
- pamwamba pa malowo galasi yitsulo. Kusiyana pakati pa mipiringidzo iyenera kulola mpope kutulutsa madzi;
- chemba zing'onozing'ono mu dzenje ndikuphimba ndi matayala kupanga mapiritsi.
Mphindi pakati pa matayala ndikupanga ntchito ya ngalande.
Kuti dacha azikonzekera mungaphunzire momwe mungapangire madzi osambira, momwe mungamangire dziwe losambira, momwe mungapangire mipando ya konkire, momwe mungapangire msewu wamtunda kuchokera kudula mitengo, kukongola kwamaluwa, kasupe, bedi lamaluwa, bedi la maluwa, mtsinje wouma, chingwe cha manja anu .
Kusamba kwa madzi
Imeneyi ndi njira yovuta, koma yogwira ntchito yochotsa madzi osafuna kuchokera pansi. Zimatengera ndalama zambiri zakuthupi, komanso zimatenga nthawi yambiri ndi khama. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya madzi osungira pansi.
Kusamba kwa DIY: kanema
Kusankha kayendedwe kake ka madzi kumadalira mfundo zotsatirazi: malo, kuya kwa nthaka, nthaka, ndi zina zotero.
Pali mitundu itatu yambiri ya kayendedwe ka madzi, chimodzi mwa izi chili ndi izi:
- Khoma. Madzi oterewa amaikidwa kuti azikhala ndi zipinda zapansi kapena pansi. Kukonzekera kwake kumachitika mwamsanga pokhapokha ntchito yomanga pa maziko a maziko.
- Kuda. Ndondomekoyi imayikidwa pa nthawi yofukula dzenje kwa chinthu chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Analandira ntchito yomanga kuchokera ku mbale, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa.
- Chingwe. Ndondomeko yotereyi ingakhoze kukhazikitsidwa yokha. Zapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a ngalande yomwe inakumba makoma a nyumbayo.
Ndikofunikira! Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo dongosolo la ngalande. Ndondomeko yamakonzedwe amtunduwu ayenera kukhala ndi 0.4-0.5 mamita ozama kusiyana ndi maziko a maziko.
Kuti mupange ngalande ya madzi, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- Timakumba ngalande pamakoma a nyumba kuzungulira m'kati mwake osachepera 1 mamita 20 cm mothandizidwa ndi mafosholo kapena zipangizo zamakono;
- Pa mbali 4 za chingwe chachikulu muyenera kuyika matepi ena oposa mamita asanu m'litali. Pachifukwa ichi, mungagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zapadera kuti muthamangitse ndondomekoyi. Kumapeto kwa matepi otero, kubwerera kwake kumakumba, zomwe ziyenera kuyeza pakati pa konkire;
- Zida zoterezi zimayikidwa pansi pa ngalande, ndipo chitoliro chimayikidwa pamwamba pa madzi. Pambuyo pa mamita 7, manholes amayikidwa, komwe chitoliro chotsekedwa chimatsekedwa;
- Pambuyo pa chitoliro, ngalande imatsanuliridwa ndi mphutsi, ndi masentimita 10 kumsana - ndi mchenga, kenako mzere wokhoma wodula mwala umapita, pafupifupi masentimita 15 pansi, ndipo potsiriza umathiridwa konkire pamwamba.
Kutseka madzi
Pofuna kuteteza nyumbayo kuchokera kumadzi osungira pansi, kumagwiritsira ntchito madzi. Kusungira madzi pansi kumagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri - mkati ndi kunja.
Kutsekeka kwa madzi kunja kumakhala koyenera kukhazikitsa panthawi yomanga nyumba, chifukwa dongosolo la nyumba zomwe zilipo likusowa ntchito zambiri ndi ndalama.
Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kukumba maziko ndikugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zingapo za kutseka madzi, ndiyeno muyenera kuyika nthaka kuzungulira khoma kunja kwa mchenga - mchenga, mthunzi ndi kutsanulira konkire pamwamba.
Kawirikawiri pa ntchito zoterezi zimayikidwa panthawi imodzimodzi, zomwe zimapangitsanso ndalama zambiri. 
Kutseka kwa madzi kunja kumapangidwa m'njira ziwiri:
- Zakale. Zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zolembera.
- Obmazochny. Mwa njira iyi, zipangizo zopangidwa ndi polymeric zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mastic kuchokera ku bitumen.
Kutseka kwa madzi kunja ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitala pamtunda wokonzedwa, ndiyeno zowonongeka zimayikidwa pamwamba pa zigawo zingapo. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa: pamene madzi amchere akuyandikira kwambiri, ndiye kuti chitetezo chowonjezereka n'chofunika kuti madzi asamadziwe ngati mawonekedwe a njerwa.
Nthawi zina, mmalo mwa zinyumba zoterezi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirayi imatetezera makomawo pamadzi. Zapadera zapadera zimapereka kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa spikes a membrane, yomwe imakhala ngati njira yothetsera kuchotsa madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Kutseka kwa madzi kunja kwa kudalirika kuyenera kuchitidwa pa masentimita 30 pamwamba pa nthaka. Kupititsa patsogolo madzi osakaniza musanatsanulire konkire kusakaniza, ndi zofunika kuika wosanjikiza dothi.
Kutseka kwa madzi kunja kungakhoze kukhazikitsidwa ndi manja awo, pansi pa dongosolo lotsatira:
- mastic imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku khoma lakunja;
- pa mastic yophimba imakhala mkati. Pamwamba pa mpukutu pamene mukuyika sikofunika kuti muyike kupanikizika, mastic, ndi zinthu zotetezeka kwambiri. Kuti nsalu ikhale yopanda kanthu, muyenera kuigwedeza ndi yokugudubuza;
- ndiye malo otsatirawa amachiritsidwa ndi mastic ndipo mpukutu wotsatira umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zokambirana ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 10, choncho, pakugwiritsa ntchito zipangizozo pakhoma, m'pofunika kuvala zomatira pamtengowo wothandizira wapadera 15 cm kuchokera pamphepete;
- nsalu iliyonse yogwiritsidwa ntchito ikugudubuzika ndi zokugudubuza, kuphatikizapo pambali. Lamulo la kukhazikitsidwa kwa mipukutu (kuyambira pansi kapena pamwamba) ziribe kanthu;
- Mankhwala owonjezera pamalumiki akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi mpeni.
Kutsekedwa kwa madzi mumkati kumapangidwa kuchokera kuzipangizo zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ku konkire yatsopano. Amatetezedwa bwino kuchokera ku chinyontho: Pamene amagunda porere pamwamba pa konkire, akuyanjana ndi madzi, amathandizira kupanga mapuloteni omwe amadzaza zonsezi. 
Kutsekedwa m'madzi kungapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito polima amchere amchere omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nkhuni, konkire ndi ma ceramic. Malemba oterewa amadzipukutidwa ndi madzi, ndipo ali okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Koma ndi bwino kuganizira kuti kutseka kwa madzi sikuli kotetezedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kotero pakadalibe ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito zotanuka.
M'nyumba zapakhomo, mungathe kusungira madzi mkati mwa pansi ndi manja anu. Zisanayambe, chipinda chapansi chiyenera kuyamwa, ndipo makoma onse ndi pansi ayenera kutsukidwa bwino.
Kenaka pangani ntchito yotsatirayi:
- Malo onse amathandizidwa ndi makina osungira madzi omwe amatetezera chinyezi;
- Zovala za mastic m'makona, zigawo ndi ming'alu, komanso malo onse okhala ndi masentimita 2-3;
- pamakoma, komanso pansi ndikuyika galasi yachitsulo;
- pansi akutsanulira ndi konkire, ndipo makomawo amavekedwa ndi konkire;
- kenako makoma a pulasitala (pafupifupi 3 cm lakuda).
Pamene chinyontho chosafuna chimaonekera m'kati mwako, muyenera kuyamba mwamsanga kudziwa momwe zimakhalira ndikuwongolera zowononga madzi okwanira ndi kuteteza maonekedwe ake. Ngati tikukonzekera kuyankhulana kwa madzi ndi kusungira madzi pansi pa nthawi yake komanso molondola, ndiye kuti padzakhala youma komanso nthawi yamvula.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
Mnzanga kwa zaka zambiri anavutika ndi kusefukira pansi. Palibe kutsekeka madzi kunathandiza - madzi adapeza dzenje. Ndinapita kumayendedwe amphamvu - kuzungulira mnyumbamo ndinakumba dzenje loposa mamita 2 akuya, ndinayika mabomba okwera, ndinawafikitsa ku zitsime zinayi m'makona, zitsime ndi miyala yophwanyika. Ndipo pansi pa zitsime ndimayika mapampu 4, omwe amachokera pomwe madzi akuwoneka.
