Peyala "Red-side": makhalidwe, zinsinsi za kulima bwino

Ngati mwasankha kubzala peyala pa chiwembu, muyenera kusankha mosamala zosiyanasiyana. Nkhani yathu idzafotokoza peyala ya "Red-side", komanso imapereka zizindikiro zake. Tidzakuuzani momwe mungamere mtengo ndikuusamalira.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

Kulima mitunduyi kunachitika ndi bungwe la sayansi la sayansi yaulimi ya YUNIISK ya FSUE. Mapeyala osiyanasiyana "Krasnobokaya" amachokera chifukwa chodutsa mitundu iwiri: "Yellow-fruited" ndi "Chifundo".

Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kukolola zokolola nthawi - muzaka khumi zachiwiri za mwezi wa September, pamene zipatso zimangobwera mwamsanga ndikugwa pansi.

Oyamba Otsanzira monga: Putyatin V.I., Mazunin M.A., Falkenberg E.A. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 100 zapitazo, mayesero a dzikoli anayamba. "Pepala la Krasnobakaya" lalembedwa mu Register Register ya Zigawo za Volga-Vyatka, Ural ndi Altai, inapezanso ku Western Siberia.

Makhalidwe ndi zizindikiro

Tikukufotokozerani kufotokoza kwa peyala zosiyanasiyana "Krasnobakaya".

Wood

Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mitengo yomwe kutalika kwake kungapitilire mamita 4. Mitengo yaing'ono imadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu kolimba. Peyala ili ndi korona yowonongeka, yowonongeka, yochepa. Zimayambira fomu yoyenera, yomwe ili pa madigiri 90 mpaka thunthu. Malangizo a nthambi amatsogoleredwa pamwamba pa mtengo. Makungwa ndi zigoba zimakhala zofiira, kupota ndizofunikira.

Kukula kwa mtengo kumapitirira mpaka nthawi ya fruiting ikuyamba. Masamba ndi owala emerald mu mtundu, amakhala ndi chipsinjo pang'ono pamphepete, mopanda malire. Kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, kumaphatikizapo komanso kukuda.

Zipatso

Zipatso zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zachibadwa. Kulemera kwa peyala imodzi ndi pafupifupi 135-155 g koma zitsanzo zopangidwa ndi masentimita 180 (180 g) zimapezeka. Iwo ali ndi ubweya wonyezimira, khungu lokoma. Mapeyala ali ndi emerald mtundu wobiriwira akamakololedwa, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi amakhala amber ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Amakhala ndi thupi loyera bwino ndi fungo lokoma. Peyala ili ndi juiciness: pamene ikulira, madzi amayamba kutuluka. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, kumaphatikizana bwino ndi kuwawa pang'ono ndi tartness. Patangotha ​​masiku owerengeka kuti astringency ikhale yosasintha, mukhoza kusangalala ndi kukoma kwa peyala.

Kuwerenganso zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa mapeyala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana: "Century", "Bryansk Beauty", "Rossoshanskaya mchere", "Chikondi", "Honey", "Hera", "Petrovskaya", "Krasulya", "Pokumbukira Zhegalov", "Ana ".

Momwe mungasankhire mbande pamene mukugula

Ndibwino kuti mupite mbande, yomwe ndi zaka 1-2. Kutalika kwa mtengo wawung'ono ukhale pafupi mamita 1. Pamwamba pa thunthu ayenera kukhala impso zambiri zamphamvu. Zomera za Biennial ziyenera kukhala ndi mbali 2-3, zomwe ziyenera kukhala mu dongosolo la masamba. Pogula peyala, mvetserani mizu - iyenera kukhala ndi machitidwe osachepera atatu ndi nthambi zambiri. Kukhalapo kwa nthambi zouma sikuvomerezeka.

Kusankha malo pa tsamba

Peyala yabzalidwa wopanda mphamvupazimene palibe ma drafts. Mtengo umakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, kotero simukuyenera kulima pafupi ndi nyumba kapena nyumba zina. Ndi bwino kubwerera kwa iwo ndi mamita 3-4. Kubzala, kusankha malo okhala ndi mchenga, nthaka yakuda kapena loamy nthaka.

Mbewu ya acidity iyenera kukhala pH 5.6-6. Ndibwino kuti chomera chikhale chokwera pamwamba pa malo omwe madzi akukhala pansi mamita 2.5 pansi pake.

Chowongolera mitengo ya mapeyala akhoza kukhala mitundu monga: "Severyanka", "Nthano" ndi "Yowoneka".

Akulimbikitsidwa kufesa pafupi ndi mtengo.

Mukudziwa? Poyamba, masamba a peyala anali akusuta kwambiri ku Ulaya, ndipo patatha nthawi yomwe fodya inkaonekera, kodi zipatso za peyala zinayamba kudya.

Ntchito yokonzekera

Ngati mukukonzekera kudzala mtengo kumpoto, ndiye kuti chochitikachi chidzachitidwa masika. Ngati chodzala chikukonzekera kumadera otentha, n'zotheka kudzala peyala m'dzinja. Kukonzekera kwa dzenje lakutsegulira kuyenera kugwiritsidwa mu kugwa, chifukwa Masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri asanafike.

1. Kuchokera kumalo otsetsereka, tengani dothi la 20-25 masentimita ndikuliphatikiza ndi makilogalamu 20 a organic feteleza (kompositi kapena humus ingagwiritsidwe ntchito), 15 kg ya mchenga mchenga ndi 0,3 makilogalamu a superphosphate.
2. Kenaka mukufunika kukumba dzenje lomwe lidzakhala lofanana ndi masentimita 70, ndi kuya kwake - osachepera mamita 1. Ngati, ngakhale, pansi pamadzi akuyandikira, nkofunikira kupanga ngalande pogwiritsa ntchito miyala.
3. Thirani nthaka yokonzedwa mu dzenje.
4. Phimbani dzenje ndi pulasitiki.

Dziwitseni nokha ndi zovuta zabzala ndi kusamalira mitundu ya peyala: Rogneda, Otradnenskaya, Avgustovskaya Dew, Kokinskaya, Elena, Marble, Fairytale, Nika, Severyanka, Veles , "Lada", "Favorite Yakovlev", "Muscovite", "Cathedral".

Gawo ndi ndondomeko yobzala mbande

Musanabzala, mizu ya mbeu imatulutsidwa ndi mankhwala a potassium permanganate 3%. Ndikofunika kuthira nyemba mu njirayi ndikuisunga kwa tsiku limodzi. Kenaka ndi bwino kupukuta mizu ndi manyowa osakaniza osakaniza ndi dothi lopangidwa ndi chiŵerengero cha 1: 2. Mbeu iyenera kuuma kwa maola 2-3. Taganizirani momwe mtengo umabzalidwa:

1. Kuchokera mu dzenje, chotsani filimu ya pulasitiki, masentimita 4-5 kuchokera pakati pa dzenje, gwiritsani mtengo womwe ungakhale ngati chithandizo cha mtengo.
2. Fomu mkati mwa dzenje phiri lalifupi la dothi.
3. Ikani mtengo pakatikati pa dzenje, ndipo muzu wa mizu uyenera kukhala masentimita 6 pamwamba pa nthaka.
4. Samalani mosamala mizu pa phirilo.
5. Pukutani mizu ndi nthaka, pang'onopang'ono pang'ono. Samalani kuti mawonekedwe opanda void.
6. Gwiritsani ntchito sapling kwa chithandizo.
7. Pamphepete mwa dzenje, pangani phokoso, lomwe likuya liyenera kukhala la 7-9 masentimita. Madzi mmera (madzi okwanira 20).
8. Thirani mulch kufupi ndi tsinde, idzakuthandizani kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka.
9. Kuthamanga kwa sapling kumadulidwa ndi 30%.

Ndikofunikira! Kudulira sikungakhoze kuchitika m'chilimwe, chifukwa panthawi ino pali kutaya kwapakati, ndipo nthambi zina zimatha kufa.

Monga mukuonera, njira yodzala ndi yophweka ndipo ngakhale woyang'anira minda amatha kuigwira.

Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo

Ganizirani momwe mungasamalire mtengo kuti muperekeko zokolola zokoma ndi zolemera.

Kusamalira dothi

Peyala safuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza - kokwanira onetsetsani nthaka 4 nthawi pa nyengo. Komabe, ngati chilimwe chili mvula ndipo mvula imakhala kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumawonjezeka. Pakati pa nyengo yowuma, tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa madzi kamodzi pa sabata, panthawi imodzimodziyo ndikugwedeza thunthu la mtengo. Kwa peat yabwino iyi kapena humus. Chochitikachi chidzasunga chinyezi kuzungulira mizu ndipo chidzateteza mawonekedwe a pansi.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu za mtengo kusamalira - kukonkha. Chochitikacho chiyenera kuchitika m'mawa kapena madzulo ndi madzi otentha.

Pambuyo kuthirira, ndi bwino kumasula nthaka, yomwe idzapangitse nthaka kutulutsa mpweya.

Mukudziwa? China ndi mtsogoleri pakati pa mayiko akukula. Boma limapanga 54.3% ya mapeyala apadziko lonse.

Ndi kukula kwa namsongole pakati pa namsongole wamsongole kumalira. Namsongole amachotsa zinthu zambiri zothandiza, choncho ndizofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mzere wozungulirawu umachotsedwa.

Kupaka pamwamba

Popeza mizu ili pansi pamtunda, palibe chifukwa chotsitsa feteleza pa nthaka. Njira yabwino ndiyo kuthirira pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zowonjezera.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kokha kavalidwe ka mchere kungapangitse acidification ya nthaka, choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Zakudya zowonjezera mchere zimapangidwa chaka chilichonse, organic - kamodzi mu 2-3 zaka. Munthu wamkulu amafunika 25-30 makilogalamu a organic feteleza. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito humus, kompositi kapena manyowa.

Chifukwa cha feteleza zamchere, mtengo umakula bwino. Kuchita ndondomeko ya kudya ndi motere:

• pamaso pa peyala isanayambe pachimake, m'pofunikira kudyetsa ndi 450 g wa urea kapena 45 g wa saltpeter;
• Pambuyo pa nthawi ya maluwa, m'pofunika kuwonjezera 250 g ya urea, komanso kupopera masambawa ndi 3% yankho;
• m'dzinja, 60 g ya double superphosphate, 30 g wa potaziyamu ndi 30 g ya calcium amayamba.

Kuchiza mankhwala

Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, tifunika kuchita chithandizo chamankhwala tisanafike maluwa. Pofuna kugula mankhwala, muyenera kulumikizana ndi sitolo yapadera yomwe mungapeze njirayi, malingana ndi zomwe mukufuna kuti muzitsutsa.

Kudulira

Zaka 4-5 zaka zoyambirira kutuluka, nkofunika kulimbikitsa kwambiri mapangidwe a korona ndi kukonzanso mtengo. Ndibwino kuti tichite zomwezo kumapeto kwa zaka khumi za April. Kawirikawiri zimatheka kukwaniritsa dongosolo lalitali la korona.

1. M'chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, muyenera kusankha nthambi zamphamvu 3-4, zomwe ziri pansi pa mtengo, ndikudula mphukira zina zonse. Komanso, thunthu lalikulu lifupikitsidwa ndi masentimita 20-25.
2. Kwa nyengo yotsatira ndikofunika kupanga gawo lachiwiri. Ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 40 cm kuchokera koyamba. Muyenera kusiya nthambi 2-3 ndikudula mphukira zina zonse. Nthambi zomwe zili pakati pa tiers ziyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 2/3. Komanso, thunthu lalikulu lifupikitsidwa ndi 25-30 cm.
3. M'chaka chachinai cha kukula, mapangidwe a gawo lachitatu akuchitika. Siyani nthambi 1 kapena 2. Kwa nyengo yotsatira, m'pofunika kuchepetsa thunthu lalikulu kuti likhale lofanana ndi lachitatu.

Chitetezo ku chimfine ndi makoswe

Peyala "Wofiira" imatanthawuza mitengo yomwe imakhala yotentha kwambiri. Mitengo yaying'ono iyenera kutenthedwa ndi mazenera oyendayenda kapena mitengo yambiri, ndi mitengo yakula Konzani nyengo yozizira motere:

• Chotsani nthambi, masamba, zipatso ndi zinyalala kuchokera ku bwalo;
• Tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba mzere wozungulira kuti tipewe tizirombo;
• ndi kofunika kuti muzule thunthu ndi 1/3 mwa nthambi zomwe zili pansipa. Kuti muchite izi, mufunikira 2 kg ya mandimu, 1 makilogalamu a dothi lopaka ndi 300 g zamkuwa sulphate;
• Pamapeto pake, chomeracho chikulumikizidwa. Kuthira kwa utuchi kapena peat ayenera kukhala osachepera 15-20 masentimita. Ndikofunika kuchotsa mulch nthawi yomwe kasupe ifika, mwinamwake imayambitsa kutentha ndi kuvunda kwa mizu.

Mukudziwa? Peyala yaikulu kwambiri ku Russia inakula ndi Abas Matiyev kuchokera ku Ingushetia. Kulemera kwake kunali 1 makilogalamu 7 g.

Peyala "Red-side" ikudziwika ndi kukana matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo. Sizimayambitsa kafukufuku wa cytosporosis, powdery mildew ndi nkhanambo, peyala zamatope, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi masamba. Komabe, mukhoza kutenga njira zothandizira kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo pa zomera. Ngati mwasankha kubzala peyala pa chiwembu, tikupangira kusankha zosiyanasiyana Krasnobokaya. Mtengowo umakhala wosasamala mu chisamaliro, kotero ukhoza kumakula ndi khama ndikusangalala ndi zokolola zokoma.