Kusunga masamba m'nyengo yozizira popanda zoperewera ndi ntchito yovuta yomwe imafuna kudziwa chapadera. Alimi ambiri ndi alima wamaluwa omwe adalima mbatata, anyezi, kaloti, beets, kabichi ndi mbewu zina. Kodi mungatani kuti muteteze banja lanu kuwonongeka kosafunikira komanso kusunga zamasamba? Kodi ndi njira zotani zomwe zimasungira bwino mbewu m'midzi ndi m'midzi? Tiyeni tiyesere kuzilingalira.
Momwe mungasunge mbatata
Mbatata, anyezi, kaloti, beets ndi kabichi ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimadya chakudya chaka chonse. Kusunga mbewu zachitsulo kuchokera kukolola kuti zikolole kwapeza njira zamakono kuchokera kwa alimi a zamasamba, omwe akuyesedwa nthawi.
Kukonzekera kotuta
Kukonzekera mbatata kwa dzinja yosungirako akuyamba pa nthawi yokolola. Pali njira zosungira zoyambirira ndi mochedwa mitundu ya mizu iyi.
Mitengo yoyambirira yomwe imakololedwa m'miyezi ya chilimwe siyimangidwe kwa nthawi yaitali. Nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala ndi khungu lopeweratu, lomwe limangowonongeka pamene likukumba, kotero kuti nthawi yayitali "bedi" yake ndi miyezi 4-5 yokha.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amawononga mbatata osati pokhapokha mutalimidwa, kotero ndikofunika kusunga mbewu yokhayo popanda kugunda tuber. Imodzi mwa matendawa ndi vuto lochedwa, lomwe lingayambitse mbatata zowola.
Asanagone mbatata zatsopano, amasamala mosamala. Mitundu ya tizilombo yowonongeka ilipo, ndipo mbeu yonse yatsala mu mpweya wokwanira kwa masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi (6) kuti athetse kuwonongeka kochepa kwa peel.
Pambuyo yokolola, mochedwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata imasiyidwa kuti iumire pamalo otseguka mpweya pansi pa denga kwa milungu iwiri, kotero kuti kudula ndi kuvulala kwina kuchiritsidwa. Pa kutentha kwa madigiri 21 Celsius, izi zimachitika mwamsanga ndithu.
Mukatha kukalamba, mbatata zouma zimasankhidwa. Mitengo yaying'ono yotsalira mbewu, zikuluzikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paokha, zazing'ono komanso zowonongeka zimadya chakudya.
Zinthu zosungira
Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi yowumitsa dzuwa salowa pa mbatata, ndipo kutentha sikudutsa madigiri 16-24.
Pambuyo poyambitsidwa, mbatata zatsopano zimayikidwa mabokosi a matabwa kapena pallets. Kutentha kwakukulu m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba yosungira masamba kumakhala madigiri 4-5.
Mitengo yowonongeka ya mitundu yochedwa imayikidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena milu. M'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, mbatata zimasungidwa bwino mabokosi a matabwa kapena pa pirlets. Ngati kusungirako kumachitika mu milu, kutalika kwa muluwo sikuyenera kupitirira mita imodzi.
Zaka zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti ndi njira zonse zosungirako kutalika pakati pa denga ndi pamwamba pa mbatata ayenera kukhala osachepera theka la mita. Ndikofunika kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino ndikuletsa kuola.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwa kutentha m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba yosungirako zinthu mochedwa mitundu ya mbatata ayenera kukhala madigiri 3-4. Ndi chinyezi cha 85-90%, tubers salola kuti ziphuke kwa nthawi yayitali ndikusungunuka zowonongeka.Anthu okhala mumzinda wa Dacha, omwe mwachizolowezi amasunga mbatata m'zipinda zapansi, nyumba zapansi ndi malo ogona, muzikonzekera malo. Malowa amatsukidwa, anti-fungal disinfection amachitika (fungicidal kukonzekera, njira zofooka za chitsamba chowawa), kenako mitengoyo imayambitsidwa, ndipo mitengo ndi matabwa zimayera ndi njira yothetsera laimu watsopano.
Alimi ndi alimi omwe amalima mbatata zogulitsa, amasungira mitsinje ndi kuwomba. Kawirikawiri, maenje amakumba m'malo okwezeka kuti asatengeke ndi madzi osefukira. Mitundu ya tubers imadulidwa ndi udzu, ndipo pamwamba pake imakhala ndi udzu wambiri kapena udzu, ndiye kutsanulira masentimita khumi a nthaka yakuuma pamwamba.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwakukulu mu dzenje la masamba sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 3 Celsius. Pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pansi pa mlingo umodzi, mbatata imapeza kukoma kokoma.
Kusungiramo anyezi: momwe mungasunge bwino masamba a m'nyengo yozizira
Kukonzekera anyezi kwa yosungirako nyengo yozizira kumayamba pa siteji yake kusasitsa. Anakumana wamaluwa kupereka woyenera kusamalira masamba mbewu. Salola kuloledwa kwa nthaka kuti mbeu "isapite ku nthenga yaikulu".
Ndikofunikira! Kuthira mopitirira malire ndi nthenga zambiri kumathandiza kuti pakhale chinyezi mu thupi la babu, zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe oyambitsa zowola ndi matenda a fungal.
Kukonzekera masamba
Kupaka kwa anyezi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa tsache anyezi m'munda ndi nthenga za nthenga. Ngati nthenga yagwa pansi ndipo yagwera pansi, ndiye nthawi yokolola.
Mukudziwa? Si mababu onse opsa nthawi yomweyo. Anyezi aang'ono nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa pansi, koma amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa n'kopanda phindu pa bedi: sichidzapatsa nthenga yatsopano ndipo "adzatopa" kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mbewu.
- Kukolola kuyenera kuyamba m'mawa ndipo makamaka nyengo ya nyengo. Odziŵa zambiri samachotsa zomera kuchokera pansi ndi manja awo, koma choyamba muzimbala foloko kuti musamawononge babu.
- Pambuyo yokolola, anyezi auma kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu kunja, kupeŵa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kuyanika kutsogolo kwa mababu kumatsirizidwa ndi kudulira ndi kuyesa chipatso.
- Nthengayo imadulidwa, imasiya mphukira zowuma mpaka masentimita 10, ndipo mizu yowonjezera imachotsedwa ndi mchira wotsala mpaka masentimita 2-3. Mababuwa amatsukidwa mwachitsulo kuchokera ku zitsamba za nthaka ndi mamba owonongeka. Pambuyo poyanika, kudula ndi kupukuta, anyezi amapezeka pa dosushku yomaliza pamzere umodzi, kuti zipatso zisagwirizanane. Chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira komanso wouma. Izi zikhoza kukhala loft kapena khonde, makamaka, malo opanda mvula ndi dzuwa.
Mukudziwa? Pali njira zambiri zotsimikizirika zosungira anyezi. Makolo athu ankakonda kusunga izo. Anyezi okongoletsedwa ndizofunika kwambiri za nyumba ya anthu okhala mumzindawu, nyumba yamzinda wa bourgeois komanso mbuye wawo akudyera m'nyumba zaulemu. M'minda yayikulu, anyezi ankasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira m'matumba achikopa, omwe anakhazikitsidwa mumzere umodzi mu nkhokwe zowuma ndi nkhokwe. M'masiku a Soviet, azimayi aang'ono omwe ankanyamula mapiritsi a nylon ndi mababu ndipo anawapachika pamsomali m'makoma a Khrushchev.
Kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi
Masiku ano, minda ikuluikulu imakonda kusungunula anyezi m'mabokosi a matabwa omwe amaikidwa m'chipinda chapansi ndi mpweya wabwino. Nthawi zina mbeu yonseyi imayikidwa pamapletsti omwe sali oposa 30 centimita. M'katimo muyenera kukhala chitsimikizo chinyezi kuchokera 60 mpaka 70%. Zomwe anthu amadziwa amadziwa kuti anyezi ayenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi masamba ena omwe amafunika kwambiri chinyezi.
Ndikofunikira! Njira zonsezi zachisungidwe cha anyezi zimaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu zofunika: kuyanika, mpweya wabwino komanso kukhalapo kwabwino kwambiri. Zomera zosungirako masamba 10-20 digiri Celsius.
Carrot Storage Technology
Kaloti ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zozizira kwambiri. Chilichonse chili chofunika apa: kuchokera pa kusankha mitundu kuti zisungidwe.
Mfundo zazikulu pokonzekera
Zopeza anthu anayamba kukonzekera kaloti m'nyengo yozizira posankha nthawi yokolola. Ngakhale kuti masamba akhoza "kukhala kunja" m'munda ozizira pang'ono, simungachedwe kukolola.
Ndikofunikira! Alimi a zamasamba akhala akudziwa kuti kukumba kaloti mofulumira kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga muzu wokolola ndipo kumachepetsa wogula malonda a mankhwalawo, mosiyana, mochedwa kwambiri kumathandiza kuti pakhale mopitirira muyeso, zomwe zimapangitsa mizu ya masamba kukhala yokongola kwa makoswe..
- Nthawi zambiri zokolola zimatengedwa ngati pali masamba atatu kapena anayi achikasu m'mamasamba. Kaloti sizimachotsedwa pansi ndi manja awo pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Choyamba, amachimba ndi mafoloko ndi mano osalongosoka, ndipo kenako mosamala kuti asawononge pamwamba, amachoka pansi.
- Kenaka karotiyi imakhala pamalo apamwamba ndipo imakhazikika mpaka kutentha kwa madigiri 1.5-2 Celsius masiku awiri. Izi zimachitika kunja, koma chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa usiku womwewo chisanu sichiwononga mbewu. Masiku ano m'minda yayikulu, kukonzekera kusanayambe kumachitika m'zipinda zowonongeka.
- Pambuyo pozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa chitetezo cha muzu m'nyengo yosungirako nyengo, zimatulutsa kudulira ndi kusankha kaloti. Zonse zowonongeka ndi zodwala zimachotsedwa mwankhanza. Mawonedwe opanda zopanda zooneka amaikidwa mu yosungirako.
Kodi kusunga muzu masamba
M'minda yayikulu ya masamba, kaloti imasungidwa mu milu, kutalika kwake komwe sikuposa mamita awiri kapena atatu. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira yosungiramo kaloti m'mitsuko yapadera yomwe minda ikuluikulu imataya malo ozungulira ayenera kukhala mkati mwa magawo awiri a Celsius.
Ngati thermometer ikuwonetsa +5, mphukira zogona zidzakulirakulira ndipo pamwamba pa mizu ya mbeu idzataya katundu wake. Chinyezi zonse mkati ndi m'khola zikhale 90-95%.
Mukudziwa? Anthu ena a chilimwe komanso alimi amakonda kusunga kaloti mumabokosi a mchenga wouma, womwe umatsala m'nyengo yozizira m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Anthu ena ammudzi amatha kusunga kaloti m'makina ndi coniferous utuchi pabwalo.
Njira yamakono yosungiramo nyengo yachisanu ya kaloti mumatope obiriwira ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga dothi lokhala ndi chidebe chophweka, dulani chipatso chilichonse mu madzi ndikuwuma. Ndi teknoloji iyi, kaloti zimasungidwa mosamalitsa pa khonde, muzakhetsedwa ndi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu.
Pezani momwe mungasunge tomato, nkhaka ndi chimanga.
Momwe mungasunge beets
Kukonzekera kwa beets ku yosungirako nyengo yozizira kumayamba ndi zokolola. Alangizi a zamasamba abwino amalangiza alangizi kuti musayambe kutulutsa mzuwo masamba ndi manja anu pamwamba, kumenyana pansi ndi zowawa "pa boot" kapena wina ndi mnzake.
Mbali za zokolola ndi kukonzekera kwa beets
- Beets ayenera kuchepetsa mafoloko opanda pake ndi kumasulidwa mosamala kuchokera pansi. Kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa masamba kumadzala ndi matenda opatsirana, matenda a chipatso chabwino ndi imfa ya mbewu zambiri.
- Mbewu yamazu imafunika kutsukidwa asanayambe masiku a chisanu, chifukwa pamwamba pa beets zikuuluka pansi sizidzasungira ndipo sizidzasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Musanayambe kusungira yosungira mizu masamba ayenera tsiku kapena awiri kuti ziume. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mwachindunji m'munda, ngati kulibe mvula, mwinamwake kubalalitsa ndiwo zamasamba pansi pa denga.
- Pambuyo kuyanika, m'pofunika kuchotsa nyemba zamtundu wambiri ndikudula nsonga, ndikusiya mchira umodzi. Kenaka chotsani mizu yonse ndikuchepetsa pang'ono muzu waukulu, kusunga kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7.
- Zomwe zinachitikira alimi azamasamba amatha kupanga mtundu womaliza wa mbeu asanayambe kusungirako, kusiya kokha wathanzi komanso wothira mizu masamba.
Zokwanira
Beets bwino kusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pansi. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kusungirako ndiwo zamasamba kuchoka ku 0 mpaka + 2 degrees Celsius, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 90-92%. Zomwe zimakhala zosungirako bwino zimakhala zozungulira mlengalenga komanso kusasinthika kwa kutentha.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za machiritso a beet, nsonga za beet ndi chard (tsamba beets).
Mbewu yozulidwa imakhalabe mabokosi ndi mchenga wouma. Ena amagwira bwino kusunga beets mu mounds pa matabwa pallets. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukweza pamwamba pake ndi masentimita 30 kuchokera pansi kuti mutsimikizidwe kuti mlengalenga ndikuyenda, ndikutsanulira beets m'magulu awiri kapena atatu pa shelefu iliyonse.
Kabichi yosungirako zipangizo zamakono
Kuzizira kwa kabichi kumakhala ndi makhalidwe ake.
Kukonzekera
Kuphika kabichi kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako n'zotheka kokha pazinthu zina zamakono.
- Ndikofunika kutsatira nthawi yokolola. Mukhoza kutenga kabichi musanayambe chisanu pansi. Ndibwino kuti kutentha sikugwera pansi pa madigiri 0 Celsius.
- Musanayambe kusunga, m'pofunika kuyeretsa masamba osungunuka, masamba osungunuka ndi nkhungu.
- Pambuyo processing, bwinobwino youma ndi kabichi mu mpweya wokwanira 10-12 maola.
Kodi mungasunge bwanji masamba?
Makina opanga makina oteteza kabichi ndi mpweya wokwanira penti kapena pansi. Ndifunikanso kulingalira pa kutentha komwe kusunga masamba. Kuchita bwino kwa thermometer mu chipindacho chiyenera kukhala pa 1 mpaka 10 digiri Celsius, ndi chinyezi - 91-98%.
Kabichi imayikidwa mumabokosi a matabwa kapena pamatumba. Anthu ena okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe amawongolera mutu wa kabichi ndi mchenga pazipangizo zapadera, zomwe zimapangitsa mpweya wabwino.
Mukudziwa? Kumadera akum'mwera, kumene kulibe nyengo yozizira yozizizira, makamu amasunga kabichi m'mabowo a nthaka masentimita 80 masentimita mpaka theka la mamita awiri. Mitu ya kabichi imayikidwa kutsogolo ndi stumps ndipo imagwedeza mzere uliwonse ndi masamba ogwa, nthambi za spruce ndi malo osanjikiza a dziko lapansi. Kenaka pangani kondomeko kakang'ono, kamene kamaphatikizidwa mu dzenje lakuya la bango la mpweya wabwino. Akatswiri amapereka yankho lomveka bwino, ndikutentha kotani komwe kumayenera kukhala mu dzenje la masamba - kuyambira 0 mpaka 7 digiri Celsius.
M'mizinda, okonzeka kabichi amasungidwa pa khonde lamatabwa, pokhala atakulungidwa mutu uliwonse wa kabichi m'nyuzipepala kapena papepala.
Sungani zokolola - ndi zovuta ngati zikukula. Ndalama zakuthupi ndi ntchito za kusungira ndiwo zamasamba zimakhala zofanana ndi nyengo yolima ndi kukolola. Choncho, sitiyenera kunyalanyaza luso la kusungiramo nyengo yozizira.
