Amaluwa wamaluwa omwe samasewera sangathe kubzala mitengo yamtengo wa chitumbuwa ku nyumba zawo zam'mlengalenga, posankha yamatcheri chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwawo ndi kuwonetsera.
Posachedwapa, mitundu yoposa 150 yatsopano, yosangalatsa komanso yopindulitsa yamatcheri yatulukira. Mmodzi wa mitundu iyi ndi Mdima wakuda.
Ali ndi zifukwa zambiri zoyenera kusamalidwa ndi zochepa zovuta ndipo ziri zoyenera kuti zikule m'bwalo lake. Cherry zosiyanasiyana Black Large - imodzi mwa fruited yaikulu kwambiri, ndi kukoma kokoma, kufotokoza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumaphatikizapo m'nkhaniyi.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Mitundu yodabwitsa imeneyi inapezeka chifukwa chodutsa mitundu yamakono oyambirira. Zhukovskaya ndi Wogulitsa wogula.
Wofesa mbewu za station ya Rossoshanskaya yamaluwa, A A. Ya Voronchikhin, adayesetsa kuswana.
M'chaka cha 2000, Black Black inapangidwa malinga ndi Chigawo cha North Caucasus cha Russian Federation. Ikufalikiranso mkati Volgograd, Voronezh, Rostov ndi Belgorod. Osachepera zosiyanasiyana zamatcheri Black Black angapezeke Belarus ndi Ukraine.
Mitundu ngati Vavilov Memorial, Novella, Nadezhda ndi Morozovka imakhalanso yabwino m'madera amenewa.
Maonekedwe a chitumbuwa Black lalikulu
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a mtengo wa zipatso ndi zipatso zake.
Mtengo
Black Large otsika, pafupifupi 3-4 mamita, ndi nkhungu yakufalitsa pyramidal korona. Makungwawo ndi a imvi, a mdima, okhwima pang'ono, osasuntha. Mphukira ndi yaitali, ukulu wakuya, molunjika, ndi internodes akulu.
Makungwa pa mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala zobiriwira, ndi ukalamba zimakhala zofiirira, ndi siliva patina. Ziphuphu sizimasambira, zimakhala zobiriwira, sizipezeka.
Impso M'malo mwake, lalikulu, oval, ndi nsonga yakuthwa, osati pafupi ndi mphukira.
Masamba lalikulu, yaitali, oval mawonekedwe, ndi lakuthwa pamwamba, mdima wobiriwira, glossy, ndi mano ang'onoang'ono pamphepete, popanda stipules.
The scape ndi wandiweyani, motalika, osati pubescent.
Maluwa lalikulu kwambiri, kukula ndi 3, nthawizina 2 zidutswa pa inflorescence. Nkhuku ndizitali, zoyera, zakuda ndi mapeto a maluwa.
Zipatso
Zipatso za zosiyanasiyana lalikulu kwambiri, masekeli 5-7 magalamu, kuzungulira, kutsetsereka kwambiri kuchokera kumbali, osati kumangokhalira kukhetsa. Khungu ndi loonda, lakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi wakuda.
Thupi ndi labwino komanso lamadzi wambiri, lofiira, zokoma ndi zowawa zosaoneka, zokoma kwambiri zamchere. Mwalawo ndi wawung'ono, wolekana bwino.
Zomerazi sizitsamba mungu wokha, kotero onetsetsani kuti mubzala pamodzi ndi mitundu monga: Zochititsa chidwi, Kent, Turgenevka, Griot Ostheims, Zhukovskaya, Rossoshanskaya wakuda.
Chithunzi
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Waukulu ubwino wa mitundu Black yaikulu zikuphatikizapo kumayambiriro kwa fruiting. Chokolola choyamba chingasonkhanitsidwe kale 3-4 patapita zaka 3-4.
Black Big Cherry ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala yochedwa maluwa.
Zosiyanasiyana za Cherries Black Large zili ndi zokolola zabwino komanso zosavuta. Kuyambira pa kamnyamata kakang'ono Mtengo wa zaka 6-8 ukhoza kusonkhanitsidwa pafupi 15-25 makilogalamu a zipatso.
Zokolola zambiri zimasonyezanso ndi Uralskaya Rubinovaya, Pamyati Yenikeeva, Turgenevka, Podbelskaya.
Komabe, mitengo ya Black Major ndi yaifupi, pafupifupi zaka 15-17ndipo ndi msinkhu wawo ndi khalidwe lawo kuchepa kwakukulu mu zokolola.
Kutentha kwa chisanu cha zosiyanasiyana ndipamwamba kwambiri. Amasunga dontho mu t -32-34С popanda chilichonse chapadera kuwononga zipatso masamba.
Mwana Wopatsa, Chokoleti, Shubinka ndi Vladimirskaya adzakondweretsani inu ndi kukana njoka zabwino.
Mdima wakuda - zosiyanasiyana zopanga chitumbuwa zosiyanasiyana. Ndibwino kuti zonsezi zizigwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano. Ingasungidwe pafupi 1-2 miyezi mu furiji. Zokonzedweratu kuzizira kofulumira.
Imodzi mwa zovuta zazikulu za Black Large zosiyanasiyana ndi kusakhazikika kwa matenda a bowa. Kawirikawiri, makamaka m'nyengo yamvula ndi yozizira, imakhudzidwa moniliosis, yochepa - coccomycosis.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Ngakhale kuti pali nyengo yozizira hardiness, ndibwino kuti pakhale malo aakulu a Black Black bwino, kutentha komanso kutetezedwa kumpoto kwa mphepo.
Kubzala kumachitika kokha masika, isanafike Mphukira.
Pakuti zosiyanasiyanazi ndizoyenera dothi lamchenga kapena loamy. Konzani pasadakhale: kukumba kosalala ndi mandimu.
Patangotha sabata imodzi, feterezazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pafupifupi 10-15 makilogalamu a kompositi kapena humus pa 1 sq. M.
Pafupi kwenikweni ayenera kudzala mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu. Chiwembu cholowera: 2.5 * 2 m.Mabowo okwera akukonzekera kugwa. Iwo ayenera kukhala 50-60 cm masentimita ndi pafupifupi masentimita 100 m'lifupi. Pakatikati kulimbikitsa chigamba cha garter ya sapling.
Mu dzenje aikidwa chisakanizo cha nthaka, 10-15 makilogalamu a humus, 0,4 makilogalamu a superphosphate ndi 0,5 makilogalamu a phulusa ndi kuika mtengo.
Pamene chodzala chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa Msosi wa mizu unali 6-7 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka. Kufika pamalo mosamalitsa kukaika maliro.
Pakati pa nyemba zimapanga dzenje lakuya kuti amwe madzi. Ndiye kulowa mmenemo 10-15 malita a madzi amathiridwa mkati ndi kusakanizidwa ndi kompositi yowuma. Mmera wosasunthika womangirizidwa ndi msomali "eyiti".
M'zaka zoyambirira ziwiri za moyo Kusamalira mtengo kudzakhala mkati kuthirira ndi kutulutsa nthaka. Mutatha kuthirira nthaka yonyowa onetsetsani kuti mulch ndi msuzi wambiri wa peat kapena humus wouma.
Samasulani nthaka katatu pa nyengo, pozama pafupifupi 7-8 masentimita, kuti asawononge mizu ya mbewu.
Manyowa amayamba pamene mtengo uyamba kubala zipatso zoyamba.
Kompositi kapena humus zimapereka osaposa kamodzi pa zaka ziwirindi feteleza zamchere - kawiri pachaka.
M'dzinja, pansi pa kukumba, onjezerani bwino phosphorus ndi potaziyamu, ndipo mu nyengo - nayitrogeni. Kamodzi pa zaka zisanu nthaka ikuwonjezera mandimu ufa wa dolomite kapena phulusa.
Mitengo ya fruiting imathirira kamodzi pa nyengo, nthawi yakucha zipatso, 2-3 ndowa zamadzi pa mbeu. Mitengo yaing'ono - nthawi zambiri. Wouma ndi wotentha nyengo yamtengo wapatali kuthirira 2-3 pa mwezi.
Mwamsanga mutabzala mbande amathera mitengo yoyamba kudulira. Pafupifupi 7-8 pa nthambi zazikulu kwambiri ndi zazikulu kwambiri zomwe korona adzapangidwe zimasiyidwa pamtengo.
Kudulira mitengo kumayenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa mwezi, mwezi usanakwane. Mitundu yakuda yayikulu siimalekerera korona wamphamvu yowonjezera, choncho nthambi zonse, ndi mphukira kuposa masentimita 40, ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Komanso chotsani nthambi zonse zomwe zimakula mkati mwa korona. Mu mtengo wachikulire uyenera kukhala palibe nthambi zazikulu zoposa 10 za chigoba.
Mukasamalidwa bwino ndikutsatira malamulo odulira mitengo, mukhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha matenda a moniliosis.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chosavuta kwambiri cha Black Big Cherry ndi chizoloŵezi chake chokhudzidwa ndi matenda osasangalatsa a fungal monga coccomicosis ndi moniliasis.
Kuvutika kuchokera ku coccomicosis makamaka masamba, mochepa - zipatso.
Zizindikiro zoyamba za maonekedwe ake ndizo madontho aang'ono a bulauni kumtunda wa pepala.
Kenako madontho amakula, ndipo m'munsi mwa masambawo muli ndi maluwa obiriwira. Matendawa aziuma mwamsanga ndi kugwa. Mavitamini okhudzidwawo ali opunduka kwambiri ndipo amatembenukira wakuda.
Kuchotsa coccomicosis, nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa ndipo zigawozo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusakaniza zamkuwa ndi sulphate yachitsulo. Masamba onse ogwa amachotsedwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Katatu kawiri pa nyengo, nkhuni imapatsidwa mankhwala osakaniza 3% a Bordeaux.
Mitundu ya Fairy, Tamaris, Tsarevna ndi Ashinskaya imatsutsana ndi coccomycosis.
Choopsa chachikulu kwa yamatcheri ndi monilioz Chomera chonsecho chimachokera kwa icho: masamba, mphukira, nthambi ndi zipatso. Koposa zonse, matendawa amayamba nyengo yozizira komanso yamvula.
Masamba oyambirira akukhudzidwa: Mawanga aang'ono amaoneka pa iwo, omwe amakula, amakhala ngati kutentha kwakukulu. Kenaka nthendayi imapita ku thunthu ndipo imawombera, kenako - kwa zipatso. Ngati nthawi isayambe mankhwala, mtengowo ukhoza kufa.
Polimbana ndi moniliosis, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza kapena mkuwa sulfate ntchito.
Nkofunika kuchotsa mbali zonse za matenda, kuchotsani masamba otsala, kudula makungwa omwe akukhudzidwa ndi thunthu ndikuwotchera.
Cherry Black Large sizolowereka mu achinyamata plantings. Ndipo mu kulima mafakitale sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito konse.
Ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana ndi:
- kukula kwake kwa mtengo;
- kumayambiriro kwa fruiting;
- wokongola kwambiri lalikulu zipatso, ndi zabwino lokoma kukoma.
Zina mwa zolephera zingathe kudziwika:
- moyo wamfupi wa mtengo;
- chiwopsezo chogonjetsa coccomycosis ndi moniliasis.
Koma mosamala, pokonza nthawi ndi kudulira bwino, chiopsezo cha matenda chingathe kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, ndiyeno lalikulu Black Cherry likongoletsa munda uliwonse.
