Apple zosiyanasiyana Zodabwitsa amadziwika ndi makasitomala apamwamba.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi moyo wautali wambiri maapulo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungal ndipo sizingatheke kusamalira.
Kufotokozera za zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi m'nkhaniyi.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Chodabwitsa ndikumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira zosiyanasiyana.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI: Dzina lachiwiri ndi "Rossoshanskoe chokoma".
Mtengo wa Apple umakhala wotsika kwambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo ndi powdery mildew.
Kutentha kwa frost ndiyomweyi.
Pansi pa zifukwa zabwino, maapulo akhoza kusungidwa mpaka Masiku 250.
Kusungirako zinthu za maapulo m'nyengo yozizira:
- mulingo woyenera - zero kutentha;
- kusungiramo zitsulo zamatabwa (zida, zida, mabokosi);
- chipinda chamdima ndi chinyezi chochepa;
- kuyeza koyambirira ndi kukula kwa zipatso;
- Zina zosiyanasiyana zimasungidwa m'zinthu zosiyana.
Ndiponso pakati pa mitundu yozizira ya mitengo ya apulo muyenera kumvetsera: Rennet Chernenko, Kaminoni Yatsopano, Snowdrop, Rozhdestvensky ndi Granny Smith.
Kuwongolera
Ndizo zosiyana siyana mitengo ya apulo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuyambitsa mungu kumapezeka chifukwa cha mungu wa maluwa a apulo. Momwemo, chomera chomera cha mitundu iwiri pamtunda wa mamita asanu kuchokera pa mzake.
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Rossoshansky lezhky, April, Northern synapse.
Kusanthula kwa zosiyanasiyana Zozizwitsa
Maonekedwe a mtengo wa apulo amadziwika ndi kutalika kwake, korona wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi zipatso zofiira.
Kutalika kwapakatikati. Spherical korona, osati wandiweyani, chophimbidwa ndi masamba.
Mtundu wa makungwawo ndi wofiirira. Nthambi zamakhwala zogwirizana ndi thunthu ziri pafupi pafupifupi.
Fruiting pa kolchatka. Makungwa a mphukira ndi imvi yakuda. Chiwerengero chawo sichiri chapamwamba.
Maluwa okongoletsedwa atsekedwa. Masamba apakatikati ali ndi mawonekedwe a elliptical.
Mphepete mwa tsambali ndi serrate, m'munsi muli lalikulu, mtundu ndi wobiriwira. Chipinda cha pepalacho chimakhala chophimba pang'ono, kusinthasintha ndi kutanuka. Inflorescence - mawonekedwe a ambulera. Chiwerengero cha inflorescences pafupifupi. Mtundu wa masambawo ndi woyera.
Kunja kokongola kwambiri, Zomwe zili pakati ndi zapamwamba kukula kwake. Mtengo umodzi umakula maapulo oposa kukula kwake. Fomuyi imalumikizidwa, yapadera komanso yokonzeka.
Maapulo achimake. Mtundu - wobiriwira ndi wachikasu. Mtundu wa chivundikiro nthawi zambiri ulibe kapena uli ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kofiira.
Mwachidziŵikire nambala yambiri yazithunzi zobiriwira zobiriwira. Peel wopanda dzimbiri, osati yofiira, koma yosalala.
Mtima wa apulo ndi wausinkhu waukulu. Thupi liri loyera ndi chikasu chachikasu, wokoma ndi wowawasa kulawa ndi fungo lokomoka.
Mapulogalamu a maapulo Odabwitsa:
| Kupanga | Chiwerengero cha |
|---|---|
| Nkhani yowuma | 14,7% |
| Sahara | 11,7% |
| Anatchula acid | 0,80% |
| Ascorbic acid | 16.2 mg / 100 g |
Mitundu yotsatizanayi imasiyananso mosiyana ndi zokoma komanso zopindulitsa: Orlinka, Moscow Winter, Young Naturalist, Kandil Orlovsky ndi Aromatny.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya apulo Mitengo yokongola ya Rossoshansky yowonongeka inabadwa pambuyo pake M.M. Ulyanischev mitundu ina iwiri - Renet Simirenko ndi Mekintosh. Yalembedwa mu registeriti ya boma ya dera North Caucasus mu 1974.
Kukula ndi kufalitsa dera
Chigawo cha kukula kwa chilengedwe ndi Rostov dera. Kulondola - kum'mwera madera a Central Chernozem Region.
Komabe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayendetsedwa bwino m'madera ena akuda. Ngati nyengo siikwanira bwino, yang'anani bwino, ndipo koposa zonse, chodzala mtengo.
Mitengo ya Apple ndi mitundu yabwino kwambiri yobzala m'madera awa: Kalvil chisanu, Korey, Yandykovsky, Golden Delicious ndi Gala.
Pereka
Chodabwitsa ichi chosiyana-siyana cha apulo.
Asanayambe kusamba nthawi zambiri amatha pafupi masiku 140 kuchokera kumapeto kwa maluwa.
Asanayambe, maapulo saphuka ndi kumamatira ku mtengo.
Mtengo umayamba kubereka zipatso zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zitatha.
Mtengo wa Apple umatuluka pachaka ndipo ndi wofunika kwambiri. Kalelo mumsonkhanowu woyamba, mtengo umabweretsa mpaka makilogalamu 100 a zipatso.
M'dera la kukula kwa chirengedwe Chodabwitsa amabweretsa 200 magulu pa hekitala.
Mitundu ya Apple monga Antonovka wamba, Aport, Shtriel, Aloe Kale ndi Nastya akhoza kudzitamandira mbewu zambiri.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Mukamabzala mtengo pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Muchisamaliro cha mtengo wa apulo sizithukuta.
Zodabwitsa mochedwa yozizira mtundu wa apulo.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI: Mukamabzala, pewani malo pomwe madzi akumwa ali pafupi. Apo ayi, mmera udzakhala m'madzi, ndipo mtengo udzavunda.
Kubzala izi ndizofunikira nthawi imodzi: nyengo (mochedwa April) ndi m'dzinja (kumapeto kwa September - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October).
Komabe, pa kalasi iyi akulimbikitsidwa chimodzimodzi m'dzinja.
Ndi bwino kugula mbande ndi mizu yopangidwa bwino.
Sankhani Malo okonzedwa bwino chifukwa chodzala izi zosiyanasiyana.
Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka ya loam kuti mtengo ukhale wolimba ndipo umabweretsa zokolola zambiri.
Bzalani mitengo yabwino pamtunda wa mamita 2.5 Onetsetsani kuti mumwa mtengo nthawi zambiri mutabzala.
Chaka chotsatira chitatha, pamapeto, ndikofunikira foliar korona mitengo ya apulo.
Muyenera kudula mapeto nthambi iliyonse. Ndipo kwa zaka zoyamba kapena zisanu zoyambirira Musapereke mtengo wa apulo kuti apange zipatso.
Ngati dothi lili lachonde, ndiye kuti apulo yosangalatsa ali pafupifupi sakusowa feteleza wowonjezera. Kumudyetsa kamodzi pachaka kudzakhala kokwanira.
Kwa izi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito:
- manyowa humus;
- chisakanizo cha zinthu zofufuzira (N, Se, B, P);
- 0,5% urea;
- calcium salt.
Mu April, m'pofunika kuthirira mitengo ndi zitsulo zomwe zimateteza motsutsana ndi tizirombo.
Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa kawiri: pamene masamba anayamba kutupa pa nthambi ndi pamaso pa budding.
Kenaka mtengo suyeneranso kukhala umuna kwa chaka. Apple Zosiyanasiyana Zozizwitsa sakufuna madzi. Choncho Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga madzi okwanira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitengo ya Apple mitundu imatanthawuza kwambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo. Komabe, akadakalipo chifukwa cha tizirombo ndi kuyamba kwa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunika kuti sikuti thunthu lokha limakhudzidwa, koma komanso zokolola zonse. Zipatso zikhoza kubwera ndi mndandanda wonse wa zolakwika.
Chilendo cha nkhanambo ndi chakuti zimakhudza kwambiri masamba a mtengo, ndiyeno zimasunthira ku chipatso.
Thunthu likuwoneka bwino kwambiri.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za nkhanambo ndi maonekedwe a masamba obiriwira pamasamba, komanso ambirimbiri a bulauni, kupanga mawanga, mawanga pa chipatso.
Chifukwa cha bowachi chingakhale Kuyenda kwa mpweya mkati mwa korona wa mtengo kapena mkulu wa chinyezi.
Kuti mupewe kuwonongeka, nkofunika kupatula mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku mbewu zina m'munda, mosamala mosamala chomera ndi nthawi zonse chitani kupewa:
- phulusa la nthaka;
- chokonza korona;
- Kudyetsa feteleza;
- kudya ndi kompositi.
Kawirikawiri, mitengo ya apulo zosiyanasiyana imadabwitsa tinder bowa. Ngati nthendayi imayambitsa mtengo, ndiye kuti chizindikiro choyamba chidzakhala mabala (bowa) pa makungwa.
Amakhudza kwambiri thunthu la mtengo wa apulo, koma alibe mphamvu pa chipatsocho.
Ngati bowa silinakhale lovuta kwambiri, ndiye kuti mungagwiritse ntchito mpeni wamunda wokhazikika. Ngati bowa lidakantha mtengowo, unakhala waukulu kwambiri ndipo uli wolimba, ndiye simungachite popanda nkhwangwa.
Mitengo yathanzi idzavutika.
Ndikofunika kuwononga bowa pamadzu ake enieni.
Ngati izi sizikuchitika pakapita nthawi, bowa imapangidwanso pamalo omwewo.
Atachotsa matendawa, malo omwe anakulira akusowa anayeretsa.
Chinthu chachikulu ndichokuti kudula kuli, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochitika zina.
Ngati izi sizichitika, chilonda posachedwa chidzakhala chisa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo.
Penyani kanema pa tinder bowa ndikulimbana nayo.
Musamanyalanyaze ndi kupewa kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga tiworms, haws, zipatso sapwood, apulo njenjete ndi mining mole.
Zozizwitsa za apulo mitundu zimatchuka ndi ogula chifukwa chotsutsana bwino ndi nkhanambo, zokolola zambiri ndi khalidwe la zipatso, lalitali lalitali moyo, komanso mankhwala ndi zakudya zamoyo.
