Mitundu yambiri ya nkhuku imakhala ndi chirengedwe chofunikira chakumwaza mazira. Mbalame zina zimataya mphamvu zawo zamakono, makamaka m'zinthu zomwe mibadwo yambiri imakula mumapikisano. Koma mphamvu za makulitsidwe sizothandiza nthawi zonse kwa alimi a nkhuku pazifukwa zina, ndipo pamatendawa zimakhala zofunikira kuti uzani mazira kuti asakwere mazira ngati mwadzidzidzi amadzutsa chilakolako chokhala mayi.
Kodi ndikusowa nkhuku?
Pa minda yamakono yamakono, kufunika kwa nkhuku nkhuku ndi malo osungira nkhuku, ndipo mlimi aliyense amachokera ku zolinga zomwe amapangira nkhuku. 
Kufunika kwa nkhuku kumachitika pamene:
- palifunika kubereka ana ang'onoang'ono ndi kubereka kubereka;
- Ngati palibe chowombera, ndipo ana atsopano ndi ofunikira, mwachitsanzo, pofuna kukonzanso ng'ombe;
- Ngati simukufuna kugula nkhuku zowonongeka chifukwa chachuma kapena ngati simukudziwa kuti nkhuku zimaperekedwa kuchokera m'manja;
- ngati kutayika kwa dzira panthawi yopanga mavitamini kukuvomerezeka kwa inu ndipo pakufunika chibadwidwe chatsopano.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kowonjezera nkhuku ndi alimi ambiri a nkhuku ndibwino kuti nkhuku, chifukwa chofungatira chimatsimikizira pafupifupi 100% hatchability.Komabe, si mlimi aliyense amawona kuoneka kwa nkhuku ngati chinthu chodabwitsa. Klusha kusakaniza nkhuku sikukufunika pamene:
- pali chofungatira, ndipo mumakonda kupeza ana atsopano kuchokera mmenemo, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nkhuku zazing'onoting'ono ndizopambana kuposa zomwe zimachokera pansi pa zovuta;
- ngati simukusowa mbuzi yotsatiridwa;
- ngati palibe chosowa cha ana atsopano;
- ngati palibe malo ndi malo osungira ana atsopano;
- Ngati klusha wasonyeza chilakolako chokanthira m'nyengo yachisanu-yozizira, yomwe imadzazidwa ndi kusunga ana mu malo otentha (nyumba kapena nyumba), ndipo simungakwanitse kusunga anapiye m'chipindamo;
- ngati zokolola zochulukirapo za mankhwala a dzira kwa inu ndizowoneka bwino kusiyana ndi maonekedwe a anthu atsopano, omwe akukhudzana ndi imfa ya nkhuku yopanga nkhuku kwa miyezi yambiri.
Komabe, nkhuku ikhoza kukhala ndi ubwino wambiri pa chofungatira:
- ndalama zogulira ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kugula kanyumba kosakaniza ndi mtengo wa magetsi;
- palibe chifukwa choyang'anira nthawi zonse kutentha kwa mazira ndi kuwatsitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuswana nyama zinyama zisachepera;
- Nthawi zina, nkhuku zimasiyanitsa pakati pa mazira osagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso omwe amawoneka bwino komanso kutaya "zopanda pake" kuchokera ku chisa;
- pamene mazira aikidwa, mbalame imathandiza ana kubadwa, kuwayeretsa ku chipolopolo ndikuyamba ntchito za amayi;
- nkhuku yonse imasamalira anyamata m'miyezi yoyamba, kukupulumutsani kuti musamalire anapiye nokha.
Koma kudula mazira ndi nkhuku kumakhalanso ndi zovuta zingapo:
- Kuwonongeka kwa dzira kwa nthawi yonse yosakaniza ndi kulera nkhuku, pamene nkhuku imatha kutheka kwathunthu;
- chiwerengero cha mazira omwe amayi omwe ali ndi nthenga amatha kutenthetsa ndi thupi lake m'malo mwake amakhala ochepa - kuchokera pa zidutswa khumi ndi ziwiri mpaka 15, zomwe sizothandiza pa minda yayikulu ya mbalame pomwe pali chidwi chopanga nyama zinyama;
- nkhuku imayenera kukhala ndi chipinda chosiyana komanso chokonzekera bwino panthawi ya kutsekedwa komanso pambuyo pa kutsekemera, monga ngati nkhuku yotchedwa henhouse, nkhuku zazikulu zimatha kukumba ndi kupha anapiye;
- nthawi zonse zimakhala zoopsa kuti nkhuku imachoka ku kampeni kapena kusatentha mazira onse mofanana, ndipo izi zimaphatikizapo kutayika kwa anapiye, palinso milandu pamene mphete ilibe nkhawa - ikhoza kudutsa mazira ndi nkhuku;
- Khalidwe la nkhuku silikugwirizana ndi zosowa za alimi a nkhuku - nthawi zina sizilipo pamene pakufunika, ndipo nthawi zina chibadwa cha amayi chimapezeka nthawi yosayenera.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku - imodzi mwa zinyama zakale kwambiri. Iwo adalimbikitsidwa ndi anthu zaka zoposa 3,000 zapitazo. Izo zinachitika koyamba pa gawo la Ethiopia zamakono.
Zifukwa za chibadwa cha amayi ku nkhuku
Chibadwa cha amayi mu nkhuku ndizochitika zachibadwa, koma kupezeka kwake ndi chifukwa cha momwe anthu amathandizira kubereka nkhuku. Mitundu yambiri ya nkhuku ndi mitanda, yotengedwa ndi mibadwo yambiri pansi pazimene zimakhala ndi chithandizo cha chofungatira, chifukwa gawo lalikulu lakhala likutha msinkhu. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti kusanjikiza kulikonse sikukumbukira mwadzidzidzi udindo wake ku chilengedwe. 
Makamaka, makina opanga makulitsidwe amadziwonetsera mu klush kumapeto kwa nyengo, ngakhale pali nkhuku pamene nkhuku imayamba kugwidwa mu kugwa kapena nyengo yozizira. Koma m'chaka cha khalidwe ili ndilofunika kwambiri. Chibadwa chakumera ndicho chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokhalira ndi mtundu wa zamoyo zomwe zimakonzedweratu mwachilengedwe m'zinthu zamoyo zilizonse. Choncho, ndizomveka kuti nkhuku zimasonyeza chikhumbo chopeza ana. Makhalidwe a nkhuku panthawiyi akusintha kwambiri, zomwe ndi zovuta kuziwona.
Ndikofunikira! Chinthu choyenera nthawi yoyeretsa ana kuchokera ku makulitsidwe - Chinsinsi cha njirayi. Kukhalitsa msanga kumayamba, mochepa mphamvu ya makina idzayendayenda, ndipo kupweteka kwambiri kumeneku kudzakhala kwa mbalame yokhayo.Poyamba, amayamba kunyamula mazira ambiri kuposa kale. Klusha amayamba kukwiya kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala wokwiya komanso wamwano, amabisala m'makona ndikukana kudya. Panthawiyi, zochita zonse za m'tsogolo nkhuku zikuyamba kukhala amayi. Nkhuku ikuyang'ana malo osasunthika, otetezeka komanso osamveketsa maso, chifukwa chakuti adzamanga chisa komwe adzaika mazira ndipo adzawaphwanya.
Kusintha koteroko mu khalidwe la nkhuku ndi kovuta kusadziŵa. Ndipo zoyamba za mlimi wamkuku ayenera kukhala mwamsanga pambuyo poonekera kwa chibadwa cha amayi mu nkhuku. Izi ndi zofunika ngati mukufuna kuika nkhuku pa mazira, ndipo mukadziyika nokha ntchito yochepetsera khola.Momwe mungatsamire nkhuku kuti muzule mazira
Pali njira zingapo zowonetsera mphero kuchokera pakuwomba mazira, komatu palibe ngakhale imodzi yomwe ingatchedwe kuti imakhala yeniyeni. Chofunika cha njira iliyonse ndikuti mbalame iyenera kukhala ndi nkhawa pafupi ndi mantha. Zovuta zowopsya zimasokoneza kayendedwe ka makulitsidwe, chifukwa cha nkhuku imaiwala zomwe zinali pafupi kubereka ana.
Werengani komanso momwe mungapangire chisa chogwiritsira nkhuku, tengani nkhuku zazing'ono pogwiritsa ntchito mazira ndi momwe mungalerere nkhuku bwino.
Kuthamanga
Mwinamwake, uwu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodziyeretsera yochotsedwa. Izo ziri mu mfundo yakuti mbalame imayikidwa mu khola laling'ono kwa masiku angapo. Choyamba muyenera kumanga khola. Zitha kukhala zitsulo, kuchokera ku ndodo zoonda kapena ku waya. 
Chinthu chachikulu ndichokuti mbalameyo kudutsa mu khola ikhoza kuyang'ana dziko lonse. Ndikofunika kuti khola likhale lolimba, popanda pansi, kotero kuti mbalamezo zinali pafupi kwambiri ndi zochitika zachilengedwe ndipo zinalibe mwayi wowotcha. Kukula kwa selo kungakhale 70x70 cm.
- Tsekani nkhuku mu khola, ndipo muyiike mu bwalo la nkhuku wamba. Nyenyeziyo iyenera kukhala pakati pa anthu ndi kuika nkhuku.
- Mu nthawi yomwe mphete ikutha, ikani m'chipinda chachikulu, chowala komanso chowotcha mpweya.
- Pitirizani kutentha kwa dzuwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa amadziwika kuti nkhuku zimayika mazira masana komanso kuwala.
- Perekani chakudya chokwanira ndi madzi okwanira kuti asamalire komanso asamve ludzu.
- Nkhuku ziyenera kukhala muzochitika masiku awiri. Pambuyo pake, khalani mu khola ku nkhuku ya tambala yogwira ntchito. Nthaŵi zambiri, zimasokoneza chikhumbo chilichonse mu mbalameyi kuti iike mazira. Siyani mfuu ya mabozi ndi mawilitsi kwa masiku ena awiri.
- Usiku uliwonse, bweretsani khola mnyumbamo, ndipo m'mawa uliwonse muzipita nawo kumalo odyetserako nkhuku. Izi zimathandiza kuti nthengazi zibwerere ku chizoloŵezi cha moyo mwamsanga.
- Pambuyo pa "magawo" omwe tambalayo adatha, mbalame imabwereranso ku nkhuku. Ndi bwino kuchita izi usiku usanakhale ndi kukhala pansi pachitsulo pafupi ndi klushami ina.
Chofunika kwambiri kuti njirayi ipambane ndikutenga mbalameyo pakapita nthawi. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mwamsanga nkhuku ikayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro zoyamba za chibadwa cha amayi. Choncho, nthawi zonse samangoyang'anitsitsa milandu yanu, kuti musaphonye chizindikiro cha ala.Mukudziwa? Kwa nkhuku ziribe kanthu kuti mazira awo amamenya. Nkhuku zimakhala mwakachetechete, mazira awo okha, ndi ena.
Agogo a njira
Njira iyi ndikulenga vuto la mbalame, kukonzekera kukonzekera. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zinenero zitatu: kugunda kwa njala, kusamba ndi madzi ozizira a madzi ozizira komanso tanthauzo la nkhuku mu chipinda chamdima.
- Njala ikugunda. Amasiya kudya mbalameyi kwa masiku angapo. Mkhalidwe wa njala ukudodometsa kampu ndipo imakhala chizindikiro cha thupi lake kuti zinthu zozungulira sizikukondweretsa kubereka. Thupi la nyama ndiloluntha bwino ndipo limakhala lovuta kwambiri kuti lizipereka chizindikiro kuti libale, kutaya mphamvu zake zonse kuti zisungidwe. Izi zimasokoneza kayendedwe ka makulitsidwe. Chinthu chachikulu sikuthamangitsa nkhuku, osati kutenga nawo mbali njirayi komanso kutha kwa njala, yadyetsani bwino chinsomba.
- Madzi a madzi ozizira. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri pa moyo. Mu nkhuku, amasokoneza chibadwa cha amayi kuti chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi la nkhuku kumawonjezeka kwambiri panthawi yopuma kuti athandize bwino mwanayo. Ndipo kusambira kwa ayezi kumachepetsa kutentha uku. Chotsatira chake, thupi la mbalame limakana kukakamiza, chifukwa silingathe kutentha mazira. Pachifukwachi, mpheteyo imakhala ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri kuchokera mu chidebe, kapena imayikidwa mu beseni kapena mbiya ya madzi a ayezi.
- Kudziwika kwa nkhuku mu chipinda chakuda. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa dzuŵa ndi kuwala kwambiri ndizofunikira kwa nkhuku. Kukhala mu mdima wandiweyani kumayambitsa mbalame kukhala mkhalidwe wachisokonezo, chifukwa chake zimangoiŵala kuti iyo inkafuna kuti iphwanje anapiye. Amazisungira masiku angapo kumsana wamdima kapena chipinda chosungirako, kumene kulibe kuwala kochepa chabe. Kudyetsa kumapangidwanso mu mdima wandiweyani.
Ndikofunikira! Njirazi zakale zimakhala zosafunikira kwa mbalame ndipo zimatha kuvulaza thanzi lake, zimapweteka maganizo ndi thupi. Choncho, ndibwino kuti musalowerere nawo ndipo muzitha kuwagwiritsa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mutalowa mu selo simunapereke zotsatira zabwino.
Kusokoneza mankhwala
Imeneyi ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri yosamalira okalamba. Kuonjezera apo, si mlimi aliyense wokhoza nkhuku angathe kulipira chifukwa cha kusowa zipangizo zofunika. Kusokoneza chithandizo cha nkhuku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito transformer yolowera pansi. Pazifukwa izi, kuyendetsa galimoto yamatayala ndi koyenera, kokha kokha kumafuna kutengera pang'ono - kusungunula mapepala kapena mbale mpaka kumapeto kwa waya. 
Chojambula chimodzi chiyenera kumamatiridwa ndi lilime pa chisa, ndipo chachiwiri chikhoza kukhala malo awiri - kaya paw kapena mkati mwa mlomo. Mphamvu ya pakali pano imasinthidwa ku 12 V ndipo idadutsa mu mbalameyo. Chinthu chachikulu chimene mphamvuyo sichiposa kuposa zomwe zafotokozedwa, ndipo nthawi ya ndondomekoyi siidali masekondi 30. Pakangotha theka la ora, nkhuku imaloledwa kubwerera ndikupumula, kenaka ndondomeko ikuchitanso. Pambuyo pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mbalameyo ikhoza kutaya mtima ndi kupuma kwa mphindi zingapo. Nthawi zina, imfa imatha.
Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa cha zinyama ndi nkhanza za njirayi, ngozi yake ndi ngozi yaikulu ya imfa, njira iyi yoyeretsera kuchokera ku makulitsidwe, ngakhale kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino, sikuti ikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito.
Momwe mungapewere kutsika pa mazira
Njira yabwino yowetseramo nkhuku kuti musamangoyamba kukwatira ndikuteteza kupezeka kwa chibadwa cha amayi nthawi zonse. Koma machitidwe amasonyeza kuti si zophweka kuchita. 
Chifukwa cha kupewa kupewa makulitsidwe ndi mazira oyenera nthawi yake.
- Mazira a nkhuku ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga. Komanso, nkofunika kuti musalole kuti magulu ena aike mazira pansi pa nkhuku, mwinamwake padzakhalanso tanthauzo. Choncho, tsiku lililonse m'mawa muyenera kupita ku nkhuku ndipo mutenge mazira onse ku chisa chilichonse.
- Kusonkhanitsa mazira ndi bwino m'mawa, chifukwa nkhuku zimathamanga kwambiri m'mawa, kutuluka dzuwa.
- Mazira sayenera kugona mu zisa ngakhale maola angapo, mwinamwake nkhuku yolira idzawapeza iwo ndi kukhala pa iwo. Choncho, masana, pitani kangapo ndipo muwone ngati dzira yatsopano yotsalira yasiya.
- Onetsetsani kuti zisa za mbalame zili bwino, zotetezeka komanso zotetezeka. Ngati nkhuku imakhala bwino mu chisa, sangafune malo ena obisika kumene angaone kuti ndi kofunikira kukonza zatsopano. Ngati malo otere omwe simudziwa, adzakhala kwinakwake, nkhuku idzapita komweko, ikani mazira ndikukhala pa iyo. Ndipo izi ndi bwino kupewa.
Chofunika cha njirayi ndi chinyengo. Nkhuku imaloledwa kukhala pa dzira lirilonse ndikuisiya mu chikhalidwe ichi kwa masiku pafupifupi atatu. Pambuyo pake, mofatsa, mopanda kuzindikira, kuchokera kummbali kwa mchira, dzira lokhala ndi chinyama kalelo likulowetsamo, kapena nkhuku yabzalidwa masiku angapo. Nkhuku zatsalira ndi nkhuku kwa masabata 2-3. Panthawiyi, amakumana ndi zosowa zake za amayi, chibadwa chimatha.Pezani chifukwa chake nkhuku zimatulutsa nkhuku.
Pakatha masabata angapo nkhuku imatengedwa, ndipo nkhuku imayamba kubwezeretsa dzira. Njirayi ndi yodabwitsa chifukwa mbalameyo imakhutitsa chibadwa chake cha amayi ndipo nthawi ina ikufuna kukhala pa mazira posachedwa. Ndipotu, ngati mukutsuka pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zovuta, kubwerera ku makulitsidwe kungathe kudziwonetsera mu khamulo patangotha miyezi ingapo pambuyo pa njirayi.
Mukudziwa? Sidziwika kuti, koma nkhuku zimatha kuzindikira mazira oipa, owonongeka komanso osadziwika. Mukapeza dzira lotero, mbalameyi imayimitsa pachiwombankhanga, kapena idya, imadzaza kashiamu yake ndi mapuloteni m'thupi.Monga titha kuwonera, pali njira zingapo zowonongera nkhuku kuti zisamangidwe, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati simukufuna nkhukuyi. Kusankha njirayo kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa njira ya munthu aliyense payekha mbalame, chifukwa zomwe sizinagwirizane ndi nthenga imodzi, zimatha kugwira ntchito bwino ndi zina.
Video: Zomwe tingachite kuti asiye kuyima pa mazira
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