Adiantum (Adiantum, adiant, curly fern) ndi mtundu wa ferns momwe mumapezeka mitundu 200, mitundu khumi ndi isanu ndi iwiri yomwe imakulitsidwa kuti ikongoletsedwe.
Pali magawo awiri achilengedwe: Asia ndi South America. Mwachilengedwe, fern iyi imakonda nyengo yotentha, imasankha malo okhala ndi chinyezi, chinyezi komanso miyala. Ku Russia, chovalacho chimapezeka ku Caucasus mu vivo.
Kufotokozera
Ngakhale pali kusiyanasiyana konseku m'banjali, pali zinthu zingapo zofala. Ma Adianth ndi ma tchire otsika okhala ndi masamba a cirrus (waiyi). Zimayambira ndizochepa thupi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda, ngati waya. M'munsi mwa m'mphepete mwa masamba muli matumba okhala ndi spores (spores).
Chimakhala pachimake, koma chisamaliro choyenera chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira chaka chonse b chimakula mwachangu, ndikuchulukana ndi nthawi 2-3 munyengo.
Mitundu
Adiantum imakondedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa komanso okongola. Kuyesera kukulitsa izo kunyumba kunachitika zaka 200 zapitazo. Koma chifukwa chotsimikiza kwa mbewu pamtunda wabwino, nzika zokhazokha zolemera zomwe zili m'malo obisalamo kapena m'minda yozizira zomwe zitha kukhala ndi izi.
Tsopano ndizosavuta kupanga zofunikira pa moyo wake, makamaka nthawi zambiri mutha kuwona malingaliro amodzi m'nyumba.
| Onani | Kufotokozera |
| Tsitsi la Venus | Mtunduwu udatchedwa ndi dzina la masamba ake okongola modabwitsa omwe amapanga chitsamba chobiriwira, chowoneka bwino chomwe chikufanana kwambiri ndi tsitsi la atsikana. Masamba mawonekedwe a mafani amtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ali pamizere yochepa yakuda. Kusiyanaku kumapereka mawonekedwe a fern mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino amakula mpaka 60 cm. |
| Ruddy (woboola pakati) | Woimira banja amachokera ku subtropics. Masamba ataliatali mpaka masentimita 45, obiriwira owala bwino, amdima ndi zaka. Pali mitundu ingapo yotchuka: Grasillium, Festum, Fritz Lutz, Fragrance. Amasiyana pakati pawo mwakufuna kwawo kukula. Gracillium amakonda chinyezi chachikulu, kotero mutha kukulitsa mu chipinda chapadera. Zina ndizofunikira kwambiri ndipo ndizoyenera kukonza m'nyumba. |
| Adiantum yayikulu-yoyenda | Imapezeka zachilengedwe ku America, pomwe imakula m'mphepete mwa msewu. Chovala chokhala ndi masamba akulu chimakonda mtundu wamasamba: Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala zofewa pinki, ndipo pokhapokha nthawi zimakhala zobiriwira. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi masamba osazolowereka. M'mphepete mwake momwe ma spores amapezeka mbali zonse ziwiri. |
| Phazi | Mitundu yolimba kwambiri yozizira imatha kulekerera chisanu popanda malo mpaka--35 digiri. Kummwera ndi pakati pakatikati pa Russia, imakulidwa poyera. Kutsika kwa corymbose kumakhala ndi kusuntha kwamdima kwamtali wa masentimita 60 ndi masamba ophatikizika amitundu. Tchire, likukula, limakhala ngati gawo. Zabwino pokongoletsa bwalo, munda. Chimodzi mwazosangalatsa zamtunduwu - imbricatum, fern fari, mpaka 15 cm kutalika, ndikwabwino kukula mu nyumba. |
| Wotetemera kapena wodwala pinki | Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe imasiyana kwambiri mawonekedwe (kukula, mtundu, mawonekedwe a tsamba). Amakula mpaka 90cm kutalika. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Skutum Roseum imakhala ndi mitundu yachilendo yamasamba: mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ya pinki, ndipo pokhapokha ndi nthawi imayamba kubiriwira. |
| Wosaya kapena Wosaya | Amamera m'nkhalango za Africa, India, Madagascar. Masamba a Rhomboid a fern awa ali pamadulidwe mpaka masentimita 35. Amakhala ndi mabulosi, okhala ndi m'mphepete. |
| Wokongola kwambiri (wokongola) | Woimira wamkulu wa mtundu. Imakula mpaka mita. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amtundu wamtundu wofiirira. Maonekedwe olimba kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, imamera pazilumba za Pacific Ocean. |
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kuti akule bwino kwa adiantum, amafunika malo pafupi kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe momwe angathere.
| Chilimwe | Nyengo yanyengo | Zima | |
| Malo / Kuwala | Imakonda mthunzi wocheperako, mbali yakumpoto. Mukakhala mbali zina, ndiyofunika kuyiyika muchipinda cha mita 2-3 kulowa m'chipindacho. | ||
| Kutentha kwachipinda | Osapitirira + 22 ° С | + 15 ° С, chotsani pazotentha zamagetsi | |
| Kuthirira | 2 pa sabata | Kamodzi pa sabata | |
| Kuwaza | Tsiku ndi tsiku | Ndizoletsedwa, isanayambe nyengo yotentha mukamachepetsa kutentha kwa kupopera mankhwala koyipa | Tsiku ndi tsiku |
| Feteleza | 1 nthawi pamwezi ndi feteleza wa m'nyumba deciduous zomera. Chepetsa mankhwalawa nthawi ziwiri kuchokera pazoyenera. | Sichifunika | |
Mfundo zofunika pakukula
Fern iyi ndiyabwino kwambiri pankhani yamlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, posankha malo, izi ndizoyenera kuziganizira. Khitchini ndi malo omwe amatha kuwotchera samuyenera. Kusuta pang'ono kwa adiantum kumapha.
Sakonda fumbi, m'chipinda momwe amapezekamo, kuyeretsa konyowa nthawi zonse komanso mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse umafunikira.
Kusankha malo pansi pa fern, kusunthira mphika mtsogolo sikulimbikitsidwa. Adiantum ndiwofatsa kwambiri, kusuntha kulikonse kungasokoneze mawonekedwe ake.
Kutsirira koyenera ndikofunikanso. Kuuma kwa dothi kudzatsogolera pakufa kwa masamba, ndikusefukira - kuzungulira kwa mizu. Njira yabwino yothirira ndi pamene mphika wokhala ndi fern umayikidwa kwakanthawi mumtsuko ndi madzi okhazikika ndikusiyidwa pokhapokha gawo lapansi likhala lonyezimira. Mphikawo ukatulutsidwa ndikusiyidwa kuti madzi owonjezera amatha.
Kusankha mphika, dothi, kumuika
Adiantum amakonda kusokonekera, motero adzafunika kumuika kokha kwa zaka 2-3 za moyo. Mutha kudziwa kufunika kwa mizu yomwe idaphukira kudzera m'maenje okumbira. Zomera zazikulu sizifunikanso kumuika, ingosintha dothi lakumphindi kamodzi pachaka. Wogulitsa mu April.
Popeza adiantum ili ndi rhizome yamphamvu, mphika uyenera kusankha lalikulu, koma osaya (m'mitundu yambiri, muzu ndiwopamwamba). Ndikwabwino kusankha poto wa dothi: zinthu izi zimaloleza mpweya wambiri, kotero kuti mizu imapeza mpweya wambiri.
Adiantum imafuna dongo labwino kwambiri, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a buku la mphika. Nthaka iyenera kukhala acidic, peaty. Osakaniza womalizidwa akhoza kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa maluwa alionse. Chofunikira kwambiri ndichakuti pozula dothi silingapangidwe, fern imakonda kukhala yosamasuka. Musanabzale, muyenera kuyang'ana bwino mizu, ngati kuli kotheka, chotsani zowonongeka.
Kuswana
Chomerachi chimafalitsidwa ndikulekanitsa mizu kapena spores.
Kugawidwa kumachitika mu kasupe, ndikofunikira ndi kupezeka kokwanira kwa mfundo zokulitsa. Chimbudzi chija chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mpeni, chidacho chimathandizidwa ndi fumbi la malasha, pomwe mbali zake zimayikidwa m'miphika yokonzekera. Adiantum ndizovuta kulekerera magawidwe, kotero magawo omwe akukhala samapitiriza kukula kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zofunika: simungathe kugawana adiantum koposa kamodzi pachaka chilichonse.
Kubalana ndi spores kumatenga nthawi yochulukirapo, komabe, palibe chiopsezo chomera chomwe chilipo.
Mwa njirayi, muyenera kuchita izi:
- konzani nthaka (chisakanizo cha peat, mchenga, nthaka);
- scald kusakaniza dothi, lolani kuti kuziziritsa;
- mankhwala opopera omwe atulutsidwa ndi zotumphukira ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate;
- ikani mbeu panthaka yokonzedwa, kuphimba ndi galasi, kusiya m'malo otentha mpaka kumera;
- mutatha kumera, chotsani galasi ndikukhazikikanso pamalo owala, koma osati dzuwa;
- mmera mbeu zikakulimba.
Njira yoberekera imeneyi imatenga milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi ingapo.
Kulakwitsa posamalira, tizirombo, matenda ndi njira zochotsera
Adiantum imatulutsa zinthu zapadera zomwe mwachilengedwe zimathetsa tizilombo. Komabe, m'mizinda yamakono, tizirombo tasinthana ndi umagwirira, ndipo nthawi zina zimabweretsa chomera.
| Zizindikiro zakunja | Chifukwa | Njira yothetsera |
| Masamba owuma, atayika. | Wowoneka moyera. | Zowonongeka ndi kukonzekera kwapadera (kugulitsidwa m'misika yamaluwa): Zeta, Rovikurt. |
| Pa masamba pali zingwe zoyera. | Chuno. | Lambulani mosamala ndi burashi, pogwiritsa ntchito mizimu yokhala ndi methylated, osanyowetsa masamba. |
| Zomera zazing'ono ndizotsika. | Scale chitetezo California. | Oyera ndi thonje thonje, kumusakaniza mu mowa. Woopsa milandu, umagwirira ntchito (Actellik). |
| Masamba ndi owuma, m'mphepete mwa masamba amasanduka bulauni. | Kupanda kuthirira kapena utsi chomera. | Kuchulukitsa kuthirira. Ngati palibe njira yotchinjiriza fern ku utsi mwangozi pamalo ano, ndi bwino kuikonzanso ina. |
| Masamba akugwa. | Palibe mpweya chinyontho chokwanira. | Kupopera mankhwala pafupipafupi. |
| Masamba amatembenuka. | Malo osayenera, kuwala kowonjezera. | Konzaninso mphika pamthunzi. |
| Amasiya kupindika koma osaphwa. | Kutentha kochepa. | Pitani kumalo otentha kapena perekani kutentha komwe mukufuna. |
| Masamba a phesi amatembenuka chikasu, mawanga a bulauni amawoneka. | Kutentha kwambiri. | Konzaninso (ngati pali vuto mu ma radiator) kapena kukhazikitsa chophimba choteteza. |
| Amafota masamba ndi dothi lonyowa. | Kuwonongeka kwa mizu. | Chotsani chomeracho mumphika, chotsani mbali zowonongeka za chikondacho, sinthani gawo lapansi. |
| Masamba akuda, mizere ya bulauni. | Kuchuluka kwa mchere padziko lapansi. | M'malo dothi. |
A Chilimwe wokhala nawo amalangiza: Adiantum - chomera chothandiza
Adiantum sikuti chomera chokongola chokha, komanso chothandiza, chimawonetsa mankhwala. Ku Europe, kuyambira kale, ma ufa ndi masamba a masamba ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'mero, chiwindi ndi chikhodzodzo, komanso kutsokomola komwe kumachokera zosiyanasiyana. Zinthu zomwe zimapanga zimathandizira kuchepetsa kutentha komanso kuwononga mabakiteriya. Ku China, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zakhala zikuyenda bwino mothandizidwa ndi adiantum decoction kwa zaka zambiri.
Mu zikhalidwe zina, masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbale yam'mbali. Amapangiranso zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi.
Mu Caucasus, decoctions amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka tsitsi. Amakhulupirira kuti imapatsa tsitsi tsitsi komanso kuwala. Mafano a ziphunzitso za Feng Shui amakhulupirira kuti kutsatsa kumabweretsa mphamvu zapadera mnyumbayo ndipo ndiabwino kuchipinda chogona. Amapatsa mtendere ndi kugona mokwanira.
